The term ‘Middle East’ was coined by the British in the 19th century and also represents a political, as well as a geographical, term by separating the West from the East. The Middle East proper is situated in between the western part of Asia and North Africa.
Explore: Bahrain • Iran • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • United Arab Emirates • Yemen
The borders of the Middle East are not set in stone, with Turkey being a prime example of a country with both Middle Eastern and European tendencies. Most countries of the Middle East, however, are Muslim majority, apart from of course Israel, which is largely Jewish.
For travelers, the Middle East is an extraordinary place to visit, with its numerous ancient cities and deep-rooted culture. Egypt is a major Middle Eastern destination, famed for the Pyramids at Giza on the banks of the Nile near Cairo.
Dubai, one of the seven emirates of the UAE, is also hugely popular; a desert city with a great tourist infrastructure that includes fine beaches, shopping, dining, and hotels. Turkey is also a major tourist draw in the Middle East, with its ancient culture, bustling markets, beautiful temples and mosques, and Mediterranean beach resorts.
Arabic is the main language of the Middle East, and is also widely spoken in Israel as its second language. English is also generally spoken in the most popular tourist areas.
Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the main hubs for flights into the Middle East, both of which hail from the UAE. Flights from these cities to elsewhere in the Middle East are frequent with good international connections. You can also get to most countries and regions in the Middle East from many major European cities.
Where to Go
Highlights
- Petra: (Jordan) An ancient city carved into rose-red cliffs, known as the “Lost City” and a UNESCO World Heritage site.
- Burj Khalifa: (UAE) The world’s tallest building, offering panoramic views of Dubai from its observation decks.
- Al-Ula: (Saudi Arabia) A historic city with stunning rock formations and ancient Nabatean tombs.
- Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque: (UAE) An architectural marvel in Abu Dhabi, known for its stunning white marble structure.
- The Dead Sea: (Jordan/Israel) The lowest point on Earth, famous for its mineral-rich waters and therapeutic mud.
- The Pyramids of Giza: (Egypt) The iconic ancient pyramids and the Great Sphinx, representing one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
- Wadi Rum: (Jordan) A dramatic desert landscape with towering sandstone mountains and ancient rock carvings.
- Masada: (Israel) An ancient fortress atop a plateau overlooking the Dead Sea, known for its historical significance and archaeological remains.
- Jeddah’s Old Town (Al-Balad): (Saudi Arabia) A UNESCO World Heritage site featuring traditional coral houses and historic souks.
- Persepolis: (Iran) The ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, featuring impressive ruins and ancient reliefs.
- Dome of the Rock: (Israel) An Islamic shrine in Jerusalem with a stunning golden dome and significant religious history.
- Baalbek: (Lebanon) An ancient Phoenician city known for its well-preserved Roman temples and impressive ruins.
- Byblos: (Lebanon) One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, rich in archaeological sites and history.
- Al-Fateh Grand Mosque: (Bahrain) The largest mosque in Bahrain, known for its impressive architecture and cultural significance.
- The Western Wall: (Israel) A sacred site in Jerusalem where Jewish pilgrims come to pray and place written prayers in the wall’s crevices.
- Babylon Ruins: (Iraq) The ancient ruins of the city of Babylon, including the remnants of the Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate.
- Qatar National Museum: (Qatar) A modern museum in Doha designed to showcase the cultural heritage and history of Qatar.
- Amadiya: (Iraq) A historic Kurdish town perched on a mountain, known for its ancient architecture and stunning views.
- Jerash: (Jordan) An ancient Roman city with well-preserved ruins, including a colonnaded street and amphitheater.
Destinations
-
Bahrain: Bahrain, an island nation in the Persian Gulf, offers a blend of modern and traditional experiences. Known for its thriving financial district in Manama, the country also features the impressive Al-Fateh Grand Mosque, the historic Bahrain Fort, and the lively Bab Al Bahrain market. Travelers can explore the Tree of Life, an ancient tree in the desert, and enjoy water sports along the country’s beautiful coastline.
-
Iran: Iran, a country of diverse landscapes and cultural heritage, boasts stunning architecture and ancient history. The capital, Tehran, features the Golestan Palace and the bustling Grand Bazaar. Highlights include the ancient ruins of Persepolis, the beautiful mosques of Isfahan, and the unique desert architecture of Yazd. Visitors can also experience the lush gardens of Shiraz and the vibrant bazaars throughout the country.
-
Iraq: Iraq, located in the heart of the Middle East, is home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. Baghdad, the capital, offers a mix of modernity and history with sites like the National Museum of Iraq. Notable attractions include the ancient city of Babylon, the historic city of Najaf, and the marshlands in the south. Visitors can also explore the Kurdish region in the north, with its scenic landscapes and cultural heritage.
-
Israel: Israel, a country rich in historical and religious significance, offers diverse experiences for travelers. Jerusalem, a city sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, features the Western Wall, Dome of the Rock, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Tel Aviv is known for its nightlife and beautiful beaches, while the Dead Sea offers a unique floating experience. Other highlights include the ancient fortress of Masada and the scenic Galilee region.
-
Jordan: Jordan, located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, is famed for its archaeological sites and natural wonders. Petra, the ancient city carved into rock, is a must-see, along with the Roman ruins of Jerash. Travelers can float in the mineral-rich waters of the Dead Sea, explore the dramatic desert landscapes of Wadi Rum, and visit the capital, Amman, with its citadel and Roman theater.
-
Kuwait: Kuwait, a small but wealthy nation on the Persian Gulf, combines modernity with traditional culture. The capital, Kuwait City, features the iconic Kuwait Towers, the Grand Mosque, and the bustling Souq Al-Mubarakiya. Visitors can explore the Tareq Rajab Museum for Islamic art, enjoy the waterfront at Marina Crescent, and learn about the country’s history at the Kuwait National Museum.
-
Lebanon: Lebanon, known for its diverse culture and history, offers a variety of experiences for travelers. Beirut, the capital, is famous for its nightlife, historic architecture, and the National Museum. Key attractions include the ancient ruins of Baalbek, the coastal city of Byblos, and the scenic Jeita Grotto. The country’s mountainous regions provide opportunities for skiing and hiking, while its Mediterranean coast is ideal for beachgoers.
-
Oman: Oman, located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, is known for its stunning landscapes and rich heritage. The capital, Muscat, features the impressive Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque and the historic Mutrah Souq. Travelers can explore the ancient forts of Nizwa and Bahla, relax on the pristine beaches of Salalah, and embark on desert adventures in the Wahiba Sands. Oman’s mountains and wadis offer excellent hiking and outdoor experiences.
-
Qatar: Qatar, a rapidly developing country in the Persian Gulf, offers a mix of modern attractions and cultural heritage. The capital, Doha, is known for its futuristic skyline, the stunning Museum of Islamic Art, and the traditional Souq Waqif. Visitors can experience the natural beauty of the Inland Sea, explore the cultural village of Katara, and enjoy luxury shopping and dining in the Pearl-Qatar development.
-
Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia, the largest country in the Middle East, is home to significant religious and historical sites. Mecca and Medina are sacred cities for Muslims, while Riyadh, the capital, features modern skyscrapers and historic forts. Other attractions include the ancient Nabatean city of Al-Ula, the Red Sea coastal city of Jeddah with its historic Al-Balad district, and the vast Empty Quarter desert.
-
Syria: Syria, with its rich history and cultural heritage, has many ancient sites despite recent conflicts. Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, features the Umayyad Mosque and the historic Old City. Other significant sites include the ancient city of Palmyra, the Crusader castle Krak des Chevaliers, and the souks of Aleppo. Visitors can also explore the coastal city of Latakia and the ancient ruins of Ugarit.
-
United Arab Emirates: The United Arab Emirates, known for its modern cities and luxury lifestyle, offers a variety of experiences for travelers. Dubai is famous for its towering Burj Khalifa, luxurious shopping, and man-made islands. Abu Dhabi features the stunning Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and the cultural Louvre Abu Dhabi. The country also offers desert safaris, beautiful beaches, and the historical Al Ain oasis.
-
Yemen: Yemen, with its ancient history and unique architecture, offers a glimpse into a cultural heritage. The capital, Sana’a, is known for its distinctive multi-story buildings and the historic Old City. Other highlights include the ancient city of Shibam, often referred to as the “Manhattan of the Desert,” and the stunning Socotra Island, known for its unique flora and fauna. Despite current conflicts, Yemen’s historical sites remain of great interest.
Top Cities
- Dubai: (UAE) A global hub known for its iconic skyline, luxury shopping, and innovative architecture.
- Jerusalem: (Israel) A city of profound religious significance, home to sacred sites for Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
- Beirut: (Lebanon) The capital known for its nightlife, history, and cultural diversity.
- Riyadh: (Saudi Arabia) The modern capital with historical sites, towering skyscrapers, and cultural scene.
- Tehran: (Iran) The bustling capital offering a blend of historical palaces, museums, and bazaars.
- Doha: (Qatar) The rapidly developing capital known for its futuristic skyline and cultural landmarks.
- Muscat: (Oman) A coastal city known for its beautiful mosques, souks, and dramatic mountain scenery.
- Amman: (Jordan) The ancient and modern capital with historical sites, markets, and a dynamic cultural scene.
- Cairo: (Egypt) A historic city with the iconic Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and bustling bazaars.
- Manama: (Bahrain) A financial hub with modern architecture, traditional markets, and cultural landmarks.
- Damascus: (Syria) One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, known for its historical sites.
- Baghdad: (Iraq) The historic capital with significant cultural sites, including the National Museum and ancient markets.
- Sana’a: (Yemen) An ancient city known for its unique multi-story buildings and the historic Old City.