Cambodia

After decades of conflict that had ultimately culminated in genocide, Cambodia has emerged with a new resolve to join its neighbors on the tourism front. Its single greatest asset is the magnificent Angkor Wat temple complex, though visitors will find plenty of other attractions to enjoy. Evocative museums, deserted beaches and exotic wildlife are all on the agenda.

• Angkor Wat: This massive attraction in Siem Reap is the tourism industry’s most important asset. The ruins of this Khmer religious complex, which is as big as some cities, were built in the 1100s and then lost for a time, only to be ‘rediscovered’ in more recent years. Touring the complex takes time, but is well worth the investment. Visitors are advised to set aside at least three days for a proper visit.
• Secluded Beaches: Cambodia’s beaches are beautiful and in many cases, deserted. Visitors can enjoy all of the scenery and warm tropical waters without contending with crowds and over commercialization. Sihanoukville is the most popular beach and offers a few resort facilities. Heading inland, tourists can hike to waterfalls and high, hillside vantage points.
• Wildlife Spotting: Mekong Island is a popular daytrip destination from Phnom Penh. The island itself is actually a zoo with a mixture of local and exotic wildlife. The best way to tour the island is on elephant back, with mahouts awaiting visitors at the gate of the zoo.
• Value for Money:Cambodia’s fledging economy gives travelers the chance to see and do a great deal without spending a lot of money. For a relatively modest price, visitors can stay in high quality hotels along beaches or in cities like Phnom Penh. Dining out is also affordable by Western standards, with a mix of local and international restaurants.
• Evocative Museums: The tragic events of the preceding century set the stage for the museums and cultural institutions that stand in Cambodia today. The Land Mine Museum in Siem Reap details the country’s struggle with unexploded ordinance. Phnom Penh’s contribution is the Museum of Genocide, which details the plight of the 17,000 political prisoners who suffered in the 1970s. The Killing Fields, not technically a museum, are nonetheless sobering and worth visiting.
• Mekong River Cruises: The Mekong River delineates the country from north to south and is a key player in the tourism industry. Sunset river cruises are especially rewarding and are usually lightly catered with the option to purchase beverages. Cruises depart roughly 30 minutes before sundown and last about an hour. Along the way, you’ll catch a glimpse of the traditional way of life in local villages on the river banks.

• Nature Buffs: Explore the northeastern region of Mondulkiri, with its lush forests, waterfalls, and wildlife sanctuaries.
• Beach Bunnies: Visit the southern coast for the idyllic beaches of Sihanoukville, the tranquil shores of Koh Rong, and the serene Otres Beach.
• History Buffs: Discover the northwest region, home to the magnificent temples of Angkor Wat in Siem Reap, the historic city of Battambang, and the ancient ruins of Banteay Chhmar.
• Partygoers: Experience the vibrant nightlife in Siem Reap, with its bustling Pub Street, lively bars, and nightclubs.
• Digital Nomads: Set up your workspace in the capital city of Phnom Penh, offering modern amenities, coworking spaces, and a dynamic urban atmosphere.

Highlights

• Angkor Wat: Siem Reap acts as the gateway to the renowned temples of Angkor Archaeological Park, a true wonder of the world featuring more than 300 temples built over a 500 year period.
• Phnom Penh: beautiful colonial architectural, the National Museum, the Silver Pagoda and Royal Palace, bustling streets, and a vibrant riverside attract tourists to Cambodia’s capital city, where unique historic charms fill the air.
• Sihanoukville: Kampot, Kep, and Koh Kong: Each of Cambodia’s coastal provinces has a unique atmosphere and together they offer a diverse number of attractions and activities. The most difficult part is selecting which area to visit!
• Batdambang: Cambodia’s second-largest city, about 290km from Phnom Penh, seems more like a rural town than a city! It features a number of nearby temples from the Angkor era that lie within stunning countryside, as well as a handful of incredibly unique attractions, including a circus, a winery, and a ‘bamboo’ train!
• Ratanakiri: This remote province has a pair of lakes formed by dormant volcanic craters, fascinating hill tribe villages, and some of the most remote and pristine forest in Southeast Asia within Virachey National Park.
• Kratie: A northeastern town that is popular with backpackers, this rural provincial capital offers some interesting temples, a small museum and the opportunity to go Irrawaddy dolphin watching.

Regions

• Central Cambodia: Cambodia’s vibrant capital city, Phnom Penh, can be explored by foot or aboard tuk tuk and features the Royal Palace, National Museum, and sites honoring those who perished under the genocidal Khmer Rouge regime. Day trips to ancient temples, a wildlife sanctuary, and rural communities give the area a diverse set of attractions.

• Eastern Cambodia: this remote region is famed for its intense natural beauty. Visitors to the towns of Kratie and Stung Treng will be able to embark on Irrawaddy dolphin watching tours, while those in Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri can swim in a volcanic lake or bathe beneath waterfalls, experience hill-tribe life, and interact with exotic, indigenous animals, including elephants!

• Northwestern Cambodia: Home to the world famous Angkor Archeological Park, this region attracts visitors from all over the world. The tourist city of Siem Reap features a vibrant nightlife scene and excellent shopping opportunities, while greater Siem Reap Province has a wide range of day-trip activities, including boat trips on the Tonle Sap Lake to visit floating villages and bird sanctuaries. Those with a sense of adventure can head out to other temple complexes including the ancient capital of Sambor Prei Kuk or the spectacular Prasat Preah Vihear.

• Southern Cambodia: Boasting the beautiful beaches of Sihanoukville and the former colonial splendor of Kep, southern Cambodia is a great place for sun worshippers to unwind. Adventurous travelers can take a boat trip through Ream National Park, go upriver to spot fireflies in Kampot, or explore the wilderness of Koh Kong, where ecotourism and homestay opportunities are just developing.

Top Cities

• Phnom Penh: The bustling capital city known for its historical sites, including the Royal Palace and the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.
• Siem Reap: The gateway to the Angkor Wat temple complex, offering rich cultural experiences and vibrant nightlife.
• Sihanoukville: A coastal city famous for its beautiful beaches and tropical islands.
• Battambang: Renowned for its French colonial architecture, arts scene, and the iconic bamboo train.
• Kampot: A riverside town known for its pepper plantations, scenic river cruises, and the nearby Bokor National Park.

Islands & Beaches

• Koh Rong: A popular island known for its stunning white-sand beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant nightlife.
• Koh Rong Samloem: A quieter, more laid-back island with pristine beaches and excellent snorkeling and diving spots.
• Otres Beach: Located near Sihanoukville, it offers a more relaxed vibe with beautiful sunsets and beachside bars.
• Koh Ta Kiev: An undeveloped island with lush jungles, secluded beaches, and a tranquil atmosphere.
• Serendipity Beach: A lively beach in Sihanoukville, known for its vibrant nightlife, beachfront restaurants, and water activities.

National Parks

• Bokor National Park: Known for its cool climate, misty landscapes, and historical French colonial buildings.
• Ream National Park: Offers diverse ecosystems with mangroves, coral reefs, and a variety of wildlife, ideal for eco-tours and boat trips.
• Virachey National Park: A remote park with dense forests, rare wildlife, and opportunities for trekking and exploring indigenous communities.
• Kirirom National Park: Famous for its pine forests, waterfalls, and scenic hiking trails.
• Cardamom Mountains: A vast area with rich biodiversity, offering adventurous activities like jungle trekking and wildlife spotting.

World Heritage

• Angkor Wat: The largest religious monument in the world, renowned for its intricate carvings and historical significance, located in Siem Reap.
• Preah Vihear Temple: An ancient Hindu temple perched on a cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains, known for its stunning views and well-preserved architecture.

The best time to visit is from November to February, when the country experiences the dry northeastern monsoon, which brings in the coolest weather of the year, with temperatures often reaching 77ºF.

April to October is humid and hot, with temperatures reaching up to 104ºF in April. The southwestern monsoon hits in May, with heavy rain falling most afternoons, making this the least recommended time to visit.

• Peak Season: (November to February) - The weather is cooler and more comfortable, making it ideal for exploring the temples of Angkor Wat, enjoying the beaches, and partaking in outdoor activities. This period sees the most tourists, so popular destinations can be crowded, and accommodation prices may be higher.
• Shoulder Season: (March to May) - March to May is the shoulder season, characterized by rising temperatures and the start of the hot season. While the heat can be intense, this period is still a good time to visit as there are fewer tourists, and accommodation prices are lower. It’s a great time for beach activities and early morning temple visits to avoid the midday heat.
• Off-Season: (June to October) - The rainy season from June to October sees fewer tourists, and the landscape is lush and green. While heavy rains can occasionally disrupt travel plans, the rain usually comes in short, intense bursts, leaving plenty of dry periods in between. This season is perfect for those looking for a quieter experience and significant discounts on accommodation and tours. Additionally, the Tonle Sap Lake swells during this time, enhancing boat tours and the floating village experience.

Festivals & Events

• Bon Om Touk: (Water Festival) - A major festival celebrating the end of the rainy season with boat races, fireworks, and illuminated floats along the Tonle Sap River.
• Khmer New Year: (Choul Chnam Thmey) - A three-day celebration in April marking the Cambodian New Year with traditional games, dances, and family gatherings.
• Pchum Ben: (Ancestor’s Day) - A 15-day religious festival in September/October where Cambodians honor their ancestors with offerings and prayers at pagodas.
• Angkor Festival: An annual cultural event held in Siem Reap, showcasing traditional dance, music, and performances at the Angkor Wat temple complex.
• Royal Ploughing Ceremony: A traditional ceremony in May marking the beginning of the rice-growing season, with symbolic ploughing and predictions for the harvest.
• Independence Day: Celebrated on November 9th, this national holiday commemorates Cambodia’s independence from France with parades, fireworks, and patriotic events.
• Meak Bochea: A Buddhist festival in February/March celebrating Buddha’s preaching, with candlelit processions and ceremonies at temples across the country.
• Cambodian Water Festival: Held in November, this festival marks the reversal of the Tonle Sap River’s flow, featuring boat races, music, and festivities in Phnom Penh.
• Sea Festival: An annual event rotating among coastal provinces, promoting beach activities, water sports, and local culture.
• Phnom Penh International Film Festival: A showcase of international and Cambodian films, held annually to promote the local film industry and cultural exchange.

Cultural Experiences

• Angkor Wat: Explore the vast temple complex, the largest religious monument in the world, with intricate carvings and historical significance.
• Preah Vihear Temple: Visit this ancient Hindu temple on a cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains, offering stunning views and well-preserved architecture.
• Phnom Penh Royal Palace: Discover the royal residence of the King of Cambodia, known for its beautiful gardens and ornate buildings.
• Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum: Learn about Cambodia’s tragic history at this former high school turned prison during the Khmer Rouge regime.
• Apsara Dance Performance: Experience traditional Cambodian dance performances that tell stories through graceful movements and elaborate costumes.

Natural Experiences

• Bokor National Park: Hike through misty landscapes and explore historical French colonial buildings in this cool-climate park.
• Ream National Park: Enjoy eco-tours through diverse ecosystems with mangroves, coral reefs, and abundant wildlife.
• Koh Rong: Relax on stunning white-sand beaches, swim in crystal-clear waters, and enjoy vibrant nightlife on this popular island.
• Tonle Sap Lake: Take a boat tour of Southeast Asia’s largest freshwater lake, visit floating villages, and observe unique wildlife.
• Cardamom Mountains: Trek through dense forests, spot rare wildlife, and experience the thrill of jungle adventures.

Urban Experiences

• Phnom Penh: Explore the bustling capital city with its historical sites, vibrant markets, and lively riverside promenade.
• Siem Reap: Discover the gateway to Angkor Wat, with a lively cultural scene, bustling night markets, and vibrant nightlife.
• Battambang: Wander through a city known for its French colonial architecture, arts scene, and unique attractions like the bamboo train.
• Kampot: Enjoy the charm of this riverside town with its pepper plantations, scenic river cruises, and nearby Bokor National Park.

Unique Experiences

• Bamboo Train Ride: Take a ride on the iconic bamboo train in Battambang, a unique and thrilling experience on a makeshift rail system.
• Phare, The Cambodian Circus: Watch a captivating performance blending traditional and modern circus acts by young Cambodian artists in Siem Reap.
• Sunset at Phnom Bakheng: Hike to this temple hill for a breathtaking sunset view over the Angkor Wat complex and surrounding jungle.
• Cooking Classes: Learn to prepare traditional Cambodian dishes with local chefs, offering an immersive culinary experience.
• Koh Ta Kiev: Experience the tranquility of an undeveloped island with lush jungles and secluded beaches, perfect for a peaceful retreat.

Visas

Most travelers to Cambodia will need a tourist visa, which allows for a stay of up to 30 days. There are two main options for obtaining a tourist visa:

US/Can: 30 days: available on arrival (with passport sized photo) EU: 30 days: available on arrival (with passport sized photo) Aus/NZ: 30 days: available on arrival (with passport sized photo)

• Visa on Arrival: Available at major entry points, including Phnom Penh International Airport, Siem Reap International Airport, and various land border crossings. To obtain a visa on arrival, you will need:

  • A valid passport with at least six months validity from the date of entry.
  • One recent passport-sized photo.
  • USD 30 cash for the visa fee.

• E-Visa: Apply online for an e-visa before your trip. The e-visa is valid for entry at designated points of entry, including Phnom Penh and Siem Reap airports, and certain land borders. To apply, visit the official Cambodian e-visa website and provide:

  • A digital passport photo.
  • A scanned copy of your passport.
  • USD 36 (including processing fee) via credit card.

If you wish to extend your stay beyond the initial 30 days, you can apply for a visa extension at the Department of Immigration in Phnom Penh or through various travel agencies. Tourist visas can be extended once for an additional 30 days. Business visas can be extended multiple times, with options for single or multiple entries.

Citizens of certain ASEAN countries (Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) can enter Cambodia without a visa for stays ranging from 14 to 30 days, depending on the country.

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, visit the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia.

By Air

The majority of travelers arrive in Cambodia by air at either Phnom Penh International Airport, located just outside the capital city, or Siem Reap International Airport (Angkor); These two airports are Cambodia’s only international airports. Sihanoukville International Airport had finally reopened to domestic flights to/from Siem Reap in December 2011, but there are no immediate plans to accept international flights.

The airport in Phnom Penh receives flights from Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Ho Chi Minh City and Guangzhou. From the airport, local buses are provided to take you to your destinations while taxis are aplenty at the airport and in the city.

There are also frequently flights to Siem Reap from Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Pattaya and other regional airports - for convenient short trips to Angkor Wat. Alternatively, you can reach Cambodia by waterway from neighboring countries. The country’s international seaport is located in Sihanoukville.

There are currently no direct flights from North America, Australia/New Zealand, or Europe; connecting flights in nearby Asian nations are required (typically Bangkok, Thailand), which adds to travel times to Cambodia. Flights from Los Angeles can take around 17 hours, those from New York approximately 24 hours, and planes from Europe, up to 15 hours.

Border Crossings

The most popular border crossing by land into Cambodia is from Thailand at Aranyaprathet/Poipet. From Vietnam, Bavet/Moc Bai and Tinh Bien/Phnom Den are the most popular as they are near Ho Chi Minh City. There is also a land border between Cambodia and Laos at Voeung Kam/Dom Kralor. Most land borders allow Europeans and North Americans to apply for Cambodian visas on site. Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos generally do not.

Train

Cambodia’s railway network is limited but improving. The main line runs between Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville, with a stop in Kampot. Trains are slower than buses but offer a unique and scenic way to see the countryside. The Royal Railway operates these services, and it’s advisable to book tickets in advance.

Bus

Buses are the most common and affordable way to travel between cities and towns in Cambodia. Major bus companies like Giant Ibis, Mekong Express, and Capitol Tours offer comfortable and reliable services. Buses run frequently between Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville, and other major destinations. For longer journeys, opt for VIP or express buses for added comfort.

Car

Renting a car can be a good option for exploring Cambodia at your own pace. International and local rental agencies operate in major cities and at airports. However, driving conditions can be challenging due to poor road quality and local driving habits. Hiring a car with a driver is a popular and safer alternative, allowing you to enjoy the scenery without the stress of navigating.

Ferries

Ferries are essential for reaching Cambodia’s islands. Regular services run from Sihanoukville to Koh Rong, Koh Rong Samloem, and other nearby islands. Speed ferries are the fastest option, while slower boats offer a more relaxed journey. It’s advisable to check schedules and weather conditions in advance, especially during the rainy season.

Air

Domestic flights are the quickest way to travel between major cities like Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Sihanoukville. Cambodia Angkor Air and JC International Airlines are the main carriers offering domestic routes. Flights are relatively affordable and save considerable travel time compared to buses or trains.

Ride Share

Ride-sharing services like Grab are available in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. They offer a convenient and safe way to get around cities, with options ranging from motorbikes to cars. Ride-sharing apps are easy to use and often more reliable than hailing a taxi on the street.

Tuk-Tuks and Motorbike Taxis

Tuk-tuks and motorbike taxis are ubiquitous in Cambodian cities and towns. They are an affordable and convenient way to travel short distances. Always agree on the fare before starting your journey, as most tuk-tuks do not have meters. Motorbike taxis are faster and can weave through traffic but may be less comfortable for longer rides.

Bicycles

Renting a bicycle is a great way to explore smaller cities and towns, especially in areas like Siem Reap, where the terrain is flat and attractions are relatively close together. Many guesthouses and hotels offer bicycle rentals at reasonable rates. Biking can be a pleasant way to see the countryside and local life at a leisurely pace.

Featuring a wide range of accommodation options, Cambodia attracts many different kinds of travelers. While there are plenty of very cheap rooms available, some of the larger towns and cities such as Phnom Penh and Siem Reap also have some excellent four and five-star hotels, and some charming boutique and small luxury resorts to choose from.

Hotels

There are a wide range of hotels in Cambodia, starting from basic rooms with fans and private bathrooms all the way up to luxury suites with air-conditioning, cable television and wireless internet. Most of the top end hotels can be found in Sihanoukville, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, where those with plenty of cash will find some extremely luxurious options.

There are an excellent number of mid-range hotels available in Cambodia, and these comfortable three-star hotels are still very cheap by Western standards. Most mid-range hotels offer air-conditioning, private bathroom, television and towels; some even have swimming pools!

Despite being a poor country, there are some excellent top-end hotels to be found in Cambodia, especially in popular tourist areas. Prices are quoted in US dollars and for the price of a mid-range room in a Western city, visitors can stay in places such as Raffles Le Royal or the Hotel de la Paix.

Hostels

Backpackers traveling through Cambodia on a tight budget will find some very cheap options in all the main tourist areas. These are typically very basic and not always clean, with worn out fan rooms and shared bathrooms.

Backpacker

There are many cheap places to stay in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, where it is possible to find small, basic rooms, including dorms, for just a couple of dollars. There are also some inexpensive places available in Sihanoukville and these guesthouses and budget hotels usually provide a communal space to chill out in as well as other services such as food and laundry. In the small provincial capitals such as Batdambang or Kratie, there is usually a decent selection of inexpensive backpacker options and in the more remote provinces a homestay is a great budget option, though most lodging in remote, provincial capitals are available at budget prices.

Flashpacker

Backpackers who are willing to shell out a few more dollars will be able to swap fan rooms for air-conditioning and add a few little luxuries such as a fridge and a television. There are some excellent options in Sihanoukville, Batdambang, Siem Reap, and Phnom Penh; many rooms in these areas are available with either fan or air-conditioning depending on how much you are willing to pay.

Homestays

Homestay accommodation gives travelers the chance to spend either one night or several days in a traditional Khmer village and experience traditional life in the countryside. Homestays usually need to be booked with a tour operator or through the Cambodian Community Based Ecotourism Network (CCBEN), an affiliation of home-stays and ecotourism initiatives located throughout Cambodia.

Camping

There are few places to camp in Cambodia though it may be possible to pitch one’s tent on a remote island or within one of the national parks such as Bokor National Park. Organized excursions into other parks, such as Virachey National Park in Ratanakiri, allow visitors to sleep in mosquito-net enclosed hammocks in the middle of the jungle! While this is a great way to discover wildlife in the dry season, camping in the rainy season can be a rather miserable experience, and as there are still many land mines and unexploded ordinance from the country’s civil war, adventurous campers should not attempt to camp in areas not specifically designated for camping.

Unique

Specialty options in Cambodia are usually available to travelers who book tours and include lodging in national parks as well as the chance to spend the night in a hill tribe village in the mountains. These tours usually last for several days and include trekking through the jungle as well as interaction with hill tribe members and an insight into their unique way of life.

Backpacker hangouts Blessed with a number of sandy beaches, cheap accommodation and bars, Sihanoukville is increasingly popular with backpackers, particularly in and around Serendipity and Otres Beaches. Those visiting Phnom Penh on a shoestring are drawn to the budget guesthouses near the Vietnam-Cambodian Friendship memorial (street-258) and the Independence Monument (street-278-and-bkk, while Siem Reap is also a popular backpacker hangout, with backpacker lodging situated around the town and bars on Pub Street staying open late into the night.

Where is Cambodia?

Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand to the west and northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. The country features a diverse geography that includes the vast Tonle Sap Lake, the fertile Mekong River delta, mountainous regions like the Cardamom Mountains and Dangrek Mountains, and a 443-kilometer coastline along the Gulf of Thailand. The capital city, Phnom Penh, is situated at the confluence of the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers, offering a strategic and historically significant location.

Geography

Cambodia’s landscape is dominated by the low-lying central plains of the Mekong River, which is essential for agriculture, particularly rice cultivation. The country also boasts a variety of ecosystems, from the dense rainforests of the Cardamom and Elephant Mountains in the southwest to the northeastern highlands inhabited by diverse indigenous communities. The Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, plays a crucial role in Cambodia’s ecology and economy, supporting a rich array of wildlife and providing sustenance for millions through fishing and farming. Coastal regions feature sandy beaches and islands, making them popular destinations for tourists seeking sun and sea.

Cambodia is a very poor country, and the poor sanitation around the country reflects this. Medical standards are very low (A visit to a local hospital in Siem Reap is nearly as heart-wrenching as a visit to a killing field). Treatment is generally inexpensive, unless you urgently require something potentially expensive (broken limb?); you may be required to pay before you are treated. Preventative measures are therefore highly recommended!

Consult a doctor about vaccinations and prophylactics before traveling – preferably a doctor or a center that is experienced in tropical medicine – several months before you plan to leave. The World Health Organization reports that cholera, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and typhoid fever can occur in Cambodia.

The vast majority of Cambodians follow a Buddhist lifestyle, and as a consequence, there is little petty crime in the rural countryside. This cannot be said however about the cities, where pickpockets are aplenty. While most travellers are not at risk from violence here, lawlessness and accessibility of firearms makes it wise to stay home after dark unless you want to risk getting your head blown off. Health risks are numerous, with malaria, dengue fever, hepatitis B and typhoid all prevalent, and if you do get sick, don’t expect to be booking into a first-class hospital.

Scams & Petty Crime

Due to the large number of tourists that pass through Cambodia each year, the country is now quite safe to explore. However, the people here are very poor and theft does take place, so visitors should exercise caution. There are still a large number of unexploded landmines scattered throughout the countryside and visitors should stick to main paths when exploring.

Theft can be a problem in touristy areas such as Phnom Penh, Sihanoukville and Siem Reap. Visitors should be particularly careful at night and choose to travel by taxi instead of moto or cyclo.

There are plenty of people who are willing to take advantage of unsuspecting tourists if given the opportunity and it is best to avoid deals that seem too good to be true such as buying ‘precious gems’ as they are often worthless stones that have been chemically treated. There is also a considerable amount of counterfeit medication around so only buy from trustworthy pharmacies and clinics.

Political Unrest

The political situation in Cambodia is now much more stable than it once was. However, Visitors are advised to avoid the Preah Vihear temple area as border disputes between Cambodia and Thailand have led to occasional gunfire.

Diseases

Before traveling to Cambodia, ensure that your vaccinations are up-to-date, including hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and tetanus.

Malaria is present throughout Cambodia and visitors should take precautions to avoid contracting it, especially when spending time in national parks. It is a good idea to take malaria tablets while traveling through Cambodia as well as for a few weeks prior to visiting and after leaving the country.

Malaria is very rare in the two major urban areas (Though legitimately frightening in Banteay Meanchey) and you can buy practically any medicine at U-Care for a fraction of the cost in the west (Much of it produced in France). Otherwise, doxycycline helps ward off various “bugs” that find their way into our system and you should have immunizations for things like Hepatitis anyway.

• Malaria: Present in rural areas; take prophylactic medication and use insect repellent.
• Dengue Fever: Common during the rainy season; use mosquito repellent and wear long sleeves.
• Food and Waterborne Illnesses: Drink bottled or boiled water, avoid ice in drinks, and eat well-cooked food.

There are excellent pharmacies in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh (called U-Care), an International SOS clinic in Phnom Penh, and a branch of a major Bangkok hospital in Siem Reap.

Road Conditions

Road conditions in Cambodia can be challenging: - Roads are often poorly maintained, especially outside major cities. - Traffic laws are not strictly enforced, and driving can be chaotic. - Avoid driving at night due to poor visibility and the risk of encountering unlit vehicles or animals. - Use reputable bus companies and, if renting a car, consider hiring a local driver.

Nature’s Fury

Cambodia experiences natural events that travelers should be aware of: - Flooding: Common during the rainy season (June to October); stay informed about weather conditions and avoid flooded areas. - Heat and Humidity: Stay hydrated, wear sunscreen, and take breaks in the shade to avoid heatstroke. - Wildlife: Be cautious of snakes and insects when hiking or exploring rural areas; wear appropriate clothing and shoes.

Sexual Harassment

While Cambodia is generally safe for female travelers, sexual harassment can occur, particularly in crowded places. Dress modestly and be aware of cultural norms. Avoid walking alone at night, and use reputable transportation options.

It is actually fairly easy to legally work in Cambodia as there is not too as much red tape and working visas are much easier to get hold of here than they are in neighboring countries. The Cambodian government welcomes foreign workers; however, job vacancies are not easy to come by.

Other popular jobs include helping out in bars and guesthouses and freelance journalism work. It is possible to gain employment with a foreign company which will ensure that you get much better pay, but this type of employment is generally organized in advance.

Another route to follow is gaining employment with an NGO. There are countless operations in Cambodia and while the pay is not great, the experiences you will have will be like nothing you have ever experienced before and you will have leave knowing you have contributed positively to Cambodian society.

It is also important to remember that while pay in Cambodia is a fraction of what you will find in the West, so is the cost of living, so everything is relative.

TEFL

There are teaching jobs available throughout the country and while they might not be well paid, they are generally secure and worthwhile. It is possible to arrange a teaching job upon arrival; however, it is wise to have completed your TOEFL qualification beforehand.

Studying

When it comes to study, the only real options available to foreigners are to gain a teacher’s qualification or to learn Khmer, the local language. Those who are interested should situate themselves in either Phnom Penh or Siem Reap and contact the language schools and universities offering such courses.

Courses

If you are planning on spending a while in Cambodia and are at a bit of a loss as to what you can do, it is worthwhile considering a course. There are a number of different courses available that will allow you to develop skills you might not otherwise have thought you had.

Many people who travel Cambodia are fascinated by the Khmer language. It can be very hard to pick up so a course is well worth it if you have the time. There are a number of language schools available, although most are found in the main cities of Phnom Penh and Siem Reap and run courses for about one month or longer.

Another popular course is a cooking course. Again, these are most commonly found in the major cities. However, if you are looking for something truly authentic, there are many opportunities of homestays in the rural villages where you will cook with the host family and learn traditional methods.

Diving is a popular pastime for many visitors and there is now the opportunity to learn to scuba dive and even get your dive master qualification in Sihanoukville. Courses are run regularly and all you have to do is turn up to register.

A final course which is popular among visitors is a yoga and meditation course. This is especially popular with people looking to completely unwind for a week or two. Most of these courses are fairly intensive and you’ve got to be very motivated to sign up for them.

Digital Nomads

Cambodia is an increasingly popular destination for digital nomads, thanks to its affordable cost of living, easy-going culture, and rapidly improving infrastructure. The country offers a unique blend of historical richness, scenic landscapes, and modern conveniences, making it an attractive spot for remote workers looking for a balance between work and exploration.

Reliable internet is crucial for digital nomads, and Cambodia is steadily improving its connectivity. Major cities like Phnom Penh and Siem Reap have numerous coworking spaces equipped with high-speed internet, comfortable work environments, and networking opportunities. Spaces like The Desk in Phnom Penh and AngkorHUB in Siem Reap are popular among the nomad community. Many cafes and hotels also offer free Wi-Fi, making it easy to find a suitable spot to work.

• Phnom Penh: The bustling capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, is a hub for digital nomads. With a growing number of coworking spaces like The Desk and Impact Hub, it offers reliable internet, a variety of cafes, and a vibrant expatriate community. The city’s blend of modernity and tradition, with its busy markets, riverside promenades, and historic sites, provides plenty of inspiration and leisure activities.

• Siem Reap: Known for the famous Angkor Wat temple complex, Siem Reap is not just a tourist hotspot but also a great place for digital nomads. Spaces like AngkorHUB cater specifically to remote workers, offering fast internet and a supportive community. The city’s relaxed atmosphere, combined with numerous cultural experiences and outdoor activities, makes it an ideal place to work and live.

• Sihanoukville: This coastal city is famous for its beaches and islands. While the main city has undergone rapid development, nearby areas like Otres Beach offer a more laid-back environment suitable for digital nomads seeking a beachside lifestyle. There are several cafes and coworking spaces where you can set up your laptop and enjoy the sea breeze.

Cost of Living

Cambodia is known for its low cost of living, which is a major draw for digital nomads. Accommodation ranges from budget guesthouses to mid-range apartments, with prices significantly lower than in many Western countries. Food is inexpensive and delicious, with street food and local restaurants offering meals for just a few dollars. Whether you choose to stay in a modern apartment in Phnom Penh or a quaint bungalow in Siem Reap, your money can go a long way in Cambodia.

Food

Cambodian cuisine, often overshadowed by its Thai and Vietnamese neighbors, offers a delightful array of flavors and textures that are sure to please any palate.

These dishes are generally not as spicy as common dishes found in neighboring Thailand, though some are otherwise quite similar.

Other Cambodian favorites are similar to dishes prepared in Vietnam, as Cambodian cuisine has influenced (and been influenced by) both those of its neighbors over the centuries. Fortunately for diners unfamiliar with Khmer cuisine, most restaurants have English-language menus that translate things quite literally, including dishes such as “chicken with garlic” or “spicy-sour soup”, although some dishes, such as Amok defy simple translation.

Language

Khmer is the official language of Cambodia, and most people, even non-ethnic Khmers, can speak it. Khmer belongs to the Mon-Khmer family of Austro-Asiatic languages. As opposed to the tonal languages of Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, and Chinese, Khmer is non-tonal – that’s right, you might actually have a chance of learning it!

Beware however, as the inflections of particular words can still influence meanings. Khmer is similar to Thai in syntax and structure – meaning it’s quite simple, with no tenses, no verb conjugations, no gender inflections, and no changes for plural or singular - but that’s where the similarity ends. Khmer pronunciation can be challenging for beginners due to its use of tones and unique sounds.

• Consonants: Some consonants are pronounced differently at the beginning and end of a word. For example, “k” at the end of a word is softer.
• Vowels: Khmer has a rich array of vowel sounds, including some that do not exist in English. Listen carefully to native speakers to get a sense of these sounds.
• Tones: Khmer is not a tonal language like Thai or Vietnamese, but intonation can still affect meaning.

While English is widely spoken in tourist areas, learning a few basic Khmer phrases can enhance your travel experience and show respect for the local culture.

• Patience: Be patient and keep a positive attitude when trying to communicate in Khmer. Locals will appreciate your efforts, even if your pronunciation isn’t perfect.
• Practice: Practice basic phrases regularly to build confidence. Use them when shopping, dining, or asking for directions.
• Smile: A friendly smile goes a long way in Cambodia and can help bridge any language gaps.

Culture

Social customs: Khmer people observe conservative conduct when in public and the majority of these customs involve dress and behavior. People generally avoid making physical contact when in public and women in particular should take care to cover up when visiting temples and pagodas.

Traditional social customs in Cambodia are similar to those in other predominantly Buddhist countries, such as Thailand. That said, Cambodia has a very young population (more than 50% are under the age of 18) that is increasingly uninterested in their traditional customs.

Moreover, Cambodia at large has had such a challenging recent past that most Cambodians are likely to forgive your ignorant disregard for traditional social etiquette. So, while breaking some of the following customs are unlikely to elicit shock, its best if you try to be respectful and use your common sense; if you are sincere, Cambodian people are likely to find your indiscretions funny, though breaking religious taboos are less likely to elicit much sympathy.

Etiquette

Social customs in Cambodia are similar to other predominantly Buddhist countries. Be respectful and use your common sense and you’ll probably have an enjoyable visit to Cambodia. Some main points to remember are:

• Don’t touch heads: In Buddhism, the head is the most sacred part of the body. When walking past older people, try to keep your head lower than theirs. You don’t actually have to; simply ducking slightly indicates respect.
• Watch your feet: The feet are considered the dirtiest part of the body, so be aware of what your feet are doing. Do not place your feet on furniture, do not point the soles of your feet at another person or Buddha images, and do not use your feet to gesture. When sitting opposite somebody or on the floor of a temple, tuck your feet underneath you.
• Don’t lose your cool: Raising your voice reflects very badly on you and will not get you what you want.
• Don’t point: it’s rude. Use your palm facing down to indicate something instead.
• Don’t flash your flesh: Dress modestly all of the time, but particularly when entering wats. Don’t even think about wearing spaghetti strap singlets – cover your shoulders, and wear long pants or a long skirt to cover the knees.
• Never climb on a Buddha image
• Leave your shoes outside: people’s homes, and if you’re invited for a meal, take a small gift. In temples, you can wear shoes while walking around the compound, but not inside the building where the main Buddha image is kept.
• Don’t kiss: or cuddle in public.
• Keep your head lower: than Buddha images and monks. Monks must not be touched by women. If giving something to a monk, place it on the ground for him to pick up, or give it to a male to give to him. Women should also avoid sitting next to monks, for instance on public transport.
• Tipping: is unnecessary, but always appreciated.

Arts & Crafts

Cambodia’s artistic heritage dates back to the early kingdoms periods, when Cambodian artisans began creating wonderful freestanding statuary that distinctively broke from its Indian-influenced roots. Sculpture from the Chenla-era temples of modern-day Sambor Prei Kuk are considered some of the most beautiful ever produced in Cambodia, while the spectacular mural carvings of Angkor Wat and the elaborate reliefs of Banteay Srei elicit awe from millions of visitors each year. Traditional music and dance are also a legacy of the great Khmer kingdoms, while a resurgence in silk weaving and the production of other traditional handicrafts allow visitors to appreciate (and purchase) the intricate arts and crafts of the Cambodian people and their fascinating culture.

• Traditional Cambodian Handicrafts: are created from a range of natural materials and include silver and gold jewelry, wood and stone-carved sculpture, and beautiful woven scarves and dresses. Silk production and weaving is a traditional practice that has been reintroduced to many rural areas to provide income for impoverished communities, while krama are inexpensive and multi-purpose cloth scarves that are an integral part of Cambodian culture.

• Traditional Cambodian Literature: traditional literature focuses on epic religious tales, while modern novels often relate the hardships suffered during the tyranny of the Khmer Rouge.

• Cambodian Architecture: Cambodian architecture is actually quite an interesting subject. Temple architecture is particularly fascinating as there is nearly 1,000 years of development spanning the Funan, Chenla, and Angkor kingdoms. Traditional architecture varies little, as most homes are wooden and built of wood, though century-old homes south of Batdambang are interesting places to visit and ethnic minorities in the east live in uniquely designed structures.

  In more modern times, Cambodian architecture was heavily influenced by the French, who occupied Cambodia (along with Vietnam and Laos) as colonial French Indochina. The signature yellow-walled structures of the French colonial era with their shuttered windows are distinctive throughout the region. Phnom Penh and Batdambang feature the largest number of buildings from the era, but these structures were built to last and both run-down and renovated former banks, hotels, and other administrative offices can be found throughout Cambodia.

• Tradtional Cambodian Music and Dance: whether modern, traditional, or religious, Cambodia’s dances are always graceful and elaborate, featuring colorful costumes and accompanied by live music played by an ensemble band. Dinner theater performances in Siem Reap are a ‘must-see’ for visitors interested in both folk dance, which tells stories of rural living, and apsara dance, which has its roots in Angkor-era religious ceremony.

• Traditional Cambodian Sculpture and Painting: intricate sculptures can be seen all over Cambodia, particularly at the temples of Angkor. Local artisans in Pursat and the village of Choob, along the road from Batdambang to Siem Reap, are respectively renowned for their marble and sandstone carving. Painting is also a highly developed art form that often depicts religious or rural scenes, notably on the interior walls of Buddhist monasteries, though silk-painting is undergoing a revival thanks to artisan’s workshops such as Artisans D’Angkor, in Siem Reap.

People

Just under 15 million people live in Cambodia, roughly 22 percent of whom live in the capital city of Phnom Penh (2.1 million people). Ethnic Khmers comprise 95 percent of the population; a small community of ethnic-Chinese and ethnic-Vietnamese people can also be found in Cambodia (including the Cham, indigenous people of Vietnam who were contemporaries of Angkorian Cambodia), and there are a number of ‘hill tribes’ in the eastern provinces of the country who constitute a majority of the population in Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri provinces. Other major urban centers include Batdambang, Siem Reap, and Kompong Cham.

Religion

Around 95 percent of Cambodia’s population is Buddhist. Most of the remaining citizens are either Muslim or Christian, while animism and Caodaism is practiced by the hill tribes living in the eastern provinces bordering Vietnam.

History

The Kingdom of Cambodia is steeped in history, which allows visitors to explore and experience an abundance of historical ruins and temples. The Khmer empire at Angkor, which flourished between the 9th and 14th centuries, was the pinnacle of Cambodian history and power. The majority of monuments were built in this era, most of which now carry UNESCO World Heritage status. The centerpiece of the Khmer Empire is the now famous Angkor Wat, though there are over 300 temples in the Angkor Archaeological Park.

• 1,000 BC: Archaeological findings provide evidence of settlers living in the Southeastern Mekong delta region, dwelling in houses on stilts and living on a diet of fish and rice.
• 1BC-630 AD: Indianization and the Funan period - The first reports of a kingdom in the Mekong River delta region of modern-day Cambodia and Vietnam were recorded by the Chinese. They described a kingdom, or perhaps an association of smaller kingdoms, whose culture was strongly influenced by Indian immigrants. Indian settlers appear to have taught the Cambodians advanced agricultural irrigation techniques as well as the practices of both Hinduism and Buddhism, which were adopted by the earliest rulers. Indian traders referred to Cambodia as Souvannaphum, the golden mountain land.
• 802AD-1432: Khmer Empire – The pinnacle of Cambodian history, the Angkor era was certainly Cambodia’s golden age. In the centuries after Jayavarman II founded the first unified Cambodian kingdom just north of modern-day Siem Reap, Angkor grew to become arguably the largest city on earth and the most powerful kingdom in the region.
• 1863-1953: French colonial rule – After numerous Cambodian kings struggled (usually unsuccessfully) to ward off encroachment by neighboring Vietnam and Siam (Thailand), Cambodia turned to the French for help, only to come under the sway of the European power. While much-needed infrastructure was contributed by the French, the lions share of the spoils were exported and Cambodian’s resented French governance and taxation. The French did help preserve and reconstruct many ancient sites in Cambodia and left behind many beautiful colonial buildings, primarily in the capital Phnom Penh. However, the instability following French withdrawal and the subsequent conflict in neighboring Vietnam were contributing factors in the rise of the Khmer Rouge.
• 1975-1979: Khmer Rouge period – Probably the darkest period in Cambodian history, during which the Khmer Rouge came to power and eradicated almost an entire generation of its population who were seen as educated and pro-West. The legacy of the Khmer Rouge was despair, now memorialized at numerous ‘Killing Fields’ and the gruesome Tuol Sleng Prison, which is now a museum.

Blogs

• Move to Cambodia: A comprehensive resource for living, working, and traveling in Cambodia, with tips on everything from visas to restaurant reviews.
• Travelfish Cambodia: Detailed travel guides, tips, and personal stories about exploring Cambodia’s top destinations.
• Khmer Times: A news site that also features lifestyle and travel articles about Cambodia.

Instagram Feeds

• @explorecambodia Stunning photos showcasing the natural beauty, historical sites, and vibrant culture of Cambodia.
• @phnompenhpost: The Instagram feed of a major Cambodian newspaper, featuring news, culture, and lifestyle content.