Cambodia

After decades of conflict that had ultimately culminated in genocide, Cambodia has emerged with a new resolve to join its neighbors on the tourism front. Its single greatest asset is the magnificent Angkor Wat temple complex, though visitors will find plenty of other attractions to enjoy. Evocative museums, deserted beaches and exotic wildlife are all on the agenda.

The crown jewel of Cambodia is Angkor Wat, a true wonder of the world. Situated within Angkor Archaeological Park, which features over 300 temples built over roughly 500 years, Angkor Wat is Cambodia’s undisputed national treasure.

The vibrant city of Siem Reap is the main gateway to Angkor Archeological Park. While most visitors come here to tour the temples during the day, Siem Reap is a great place to play in the evening as just about every type of food imaginable is served in the city’s restaurants, while numerous bars are great places to meet fellow travelers and swap tall tales.

The capital city, Phnom Penh, caters well to backpackers with its budget lodgings and lively bars but also serves luxury travelers much as it did at the height of the French colonial era, when many of the city’s finest hotels were built. Small enough to explore comfortably on foot, Phnom Penh offers important historical attractions including the National Museum of Cambodia, which features many of the finest artifacts once housed at the temples of Angkor.

Located in the sunny south of Cambodia, Sihanoukville is famed for its beautiful sandy beaches. It’s the perfect place to soak up the sun and unwind; visitors can take boat trips through the stunningly beautiful Ream National Park or visit the nearby islands, many of which are still primarily inhabited by traditional fishing communities.

Cambodia doesn’t have a reputation for a wide range activities though this is rapidly changing; the most popular pastimes are still temple hopping in Angkor Archeological Park or lazing on peaceful beaches from Sihanoukville to Kep. But history buffs will get their fill with the country’s reminders of the Pol Pot regime as well as the remains of pre-Angkorian Kingdoms dating back to the 5th and 6th centuries. Nature and wildlife lovers will have ample opportunities to see exotic birds while exploring some spectacular countryside. Other activities including dirt biking, horse riding, and scuba diving if you are looking for something different.

Cambodia might be low-key compared to its more popular neighbor, Thailand, yet it has plenty of charms of its own. With ancient temples and incredible natural attractions, including idyllic islands and remote national parks, such as Virachay National Park, Cambodia is slowly becoming one of the hottest travel destinations in Asia if not the world.

Families: Cambodia offers family-friendly adventures , exploring Angkor Wat, boat rides on Tonlé Sap Lake, and relaxed beach days in Kep or Koh Rong. Infrastructure is improving, but caution is needed around busy streets and rural healthcare.

Couples: Cambodia is romantic and atmospheric , sunrise at Angkor Wat, spa stays in Siem Reap, and quiet beach escapes on Koh Rong Samloem. It’s ideal for couples wanting both cultural depth and tropical relaxation.

Backpackers: Cambodia is a backpacker classic , cheap hostels, strong travel routes, and a welcoming vibe. Popular trails include Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Kampot, and coastal islands. Costs are low, and it’s easy to meet fellow travelers.

Digital Nomads: Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Kampot have good internet, coworking spaces, and affordable living. Cambodia offers long-stay visas and an easygoing lifestyle, making it a growing digital nomad hub.

Luxury Travelers: Cambodia has blossomed into a luxury destination , boutique hotels in Siem Reap, river cruises, and eco-resorts on islands like Song Saa. Service is warm, and high-end stays are competitively priced.

Foodies: Khmer cuisine is flavorful and underrated , fish amok, lok lak, and fresh market fare are staples. Siem Reap and Phnom Penh have fantastic food scenes, with growing street food tours and fine dining options.

Beach Bunnies: Cambodia’s beaches are laid-back and scenic , Koh Rong, Koh Rong Samloem, and Otres Beach offer white sands and warm waters. Facilities are more rustic than Thailand but less crowded.

Nature Buffs: Cambodia offers lush jungles, waterfalls, and river landscapes. Highlights include the Cardamom Mountains, wildlife spotting in Mondulkiri, and mangrove tours near Kampot. Nature is accessible and still feels wild.

History Buffs: Angkor Wat and the Angkor complex are world-renowned, but Cambodia’s modern history (Khmer Rouge era) is also deeply impactful. Phnom Penh’s Tuol Sleng and the Killing Fields are sobering yet essential stops.

Culture Vultures: Traditional dance, Buddhist temples, village life, and handicrafts are alive and thriving. Siem Reap and rural homestays offer authentic cultural experiences, and festivals like Khmer New Year are vibrant.

Adventure Seekers: Zip-lining near Angkor, jungle treks in Mondulkiri, caving in Kampot, and kayaking in the Mekong offer diverse adventures. Cambodia balances soft adventure with cultural discovery.

Solo Travelers: Cambodia is friendly, affordable, and easy to navigate solo. Hostels, group tours, and social hubs make it simple to meet others. Usual precautions apply, but solo travelers feel welcome.

Party Animals: Siem Reap and Phnom Penh have lively nightlife , bars, night markets, and clubs. Koh Rong is known for its beach parties. Outside these hubs, nightlife is quieter and more local.

Wildlife Watchers: Wildlife includes elephants, gibbons, and rare birds, with conservation efforts in Mondulkiri and the Cardamoms. Wildlife tourism is growing but less developed compared to neighboring countries.

LGBTQ+: Cambodia is tolerant, with no laws criminalizing homosexuality. Phnom Penh and Siem Reap have visible LGBTQ+ scenes, and major tourist spots are welcoming, though rural areas are more conservative.

Why Go to Cambodia?

• Angkor Wat: This massive attraction in Siem Reap is the tourism industry’s most important asset. The ruins of this Khmer religious complex, which is as big as some cities, were built in the 1100s and then lost for a time, only to be ‘rediscovered’ in more recent years. Touring the complex takes time, but is well worth the investment. Visitors are advised to set aside at least three days for a proper visit.

• Secluded Beaches: Cambodia’s beaches are beautiful and in many cases, deserted. Visitors can enjoy all of the scenery and warm tropical waters without contending with crowds and over commercialization. Sihanoukville is the most popular beach and offers a few resort facilities. Heading inland, tourists can hike to waterfalls and high, hillside vantage points.

• Wildlife Spotting: Mekong Island is a popular daytrip destination from Phnom Penh. The island itself is actually a zoo with a mixture of local and exotic wildlife. The best way to tour the island is on elephant back, with mahouts awaiting visitors at the gate of the zoo.

• Value for Money: Cambodia’s fledging economy gives travelers the chance to see and do a great deal without spending a lot of money. For a relatively modest price, visitors can stay in high quality hotels along beaches or in cities like Phnom Penh. Dining out is also affordable by Western standards, with a mix of local and international restaurants.

• Evocative Museums: The tragic events of the preceding century set the stage for the museums and cultural institutions that stand in Cambodia today. The Land Mine Museum in Siem Reap details the country’s struggle with unexploded ordinance. Phnom Penh’s contribution is the Museum of Genocide, which details the plight of the 17,000 political prisoners who suffered in the 1970s. The Killing Fields, not technically a museum, are nonetheless sobering and worth visiting.

• Mekong River Cruises: The Mekong River delineates the country from north to south and is a key player in the tourism industry. Sunset river cruises are especially rewarding and are usually lightly catered with the option to purchase beverages. Cruises depart roughly 30 minutes before sundown and last about an hour. Along the way, you’ll catch a glimpse of the traditional way of life in local villages on the river banks.

Who Might Not Enjoy Cambodia?

• Travelers Sensitive to Heat and Humidity: Cambodia is hot and humid year-round, with particularly oppressive weather between March and May. The rainy season (June to October) can also bring heavy downpours and flooding.

• Visitors Expecting Fully Polished Infrastructure: While tourism is well-developed around Angkor and Phnom Penh, roads, public transport, and services can be inconsistent elsewhere. Rural areas often lack paved roads and modern amenities.

• Luxury Travelers Outside Major Tourist Areas: High-end hotels and resorts are plentiful in Siem Reap, Phnom Penh, and Sihanoukville, but accommodations in less-touristed regions are usually simple and basic.

• Strict Vegetarians or Vegans in Rural Areas: Cambodian cuisine includes vegetarian staples like stir-fried vegetables and rice, but many broths and sauces contain fish or meat. Vegan-specific awareness is limited outside major tourist hubs.

• Tourists Wanting Uncrowded Major Attractions: Angkor Wat and other key temples can be crowded, especially at sunrise and during peak seasons. Solitude requires visiting lesser-known sites or exploring early in the day.

• Travelers Sensitive to Poverty or Visible Hardship: Cambodia is developing, and visitors may encounter begging, child vendors, and clear signs of poverty, particularly outside tourist zones.

• People Requiring Fast Internet and Modern Services Everywhere: Wi-Fi is common in hotels and cafés in major cities, but speeds vary and outages are possible, especially in smaller towns and villages.

• Visitors Looking for Extensive Nightlife Everywhere: Phnom Penh and Siem Reap offer vibrant nightlife scenes, but smaller towns and rural areas are quiet after dark, with few bars or entertainment venues.

• Tourists Uncomfortable with Heavy Historical Themes: Cambodia’s tragic recent history, particularly related to the Khmer Rouge, is central to many tourist sites. Visits to places like the Killing Fields and Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum can be emotionally intense.

The journey often begins in Siem Reap, the gateway to the Angkor temple complex. The sheer scale of Angkor Wat is staggering, especially at sunrise when its silhouette reflects over the lotus-filled moat. But Angkor is more than just one temple, Bayon’s massive stone faces, Ta Prohm’s tree-covered ruins, and the remote Banteay Srei with its delicate carvings make exploring the area an unforgettable experience. Beyond the temples, Siem Reap offers lively night markets, riverside cafes, and a growing arts scene.

Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s capital, is a city of contrasts. The elegant Royal Palace and the nearby Silver Pagoda showcase the country’s regal history, while the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and Killing Fields of Choeung Ek provide a sobering look at Cambodia’s tragic past under the Khmer Rouge. Despite its heavy history, Phnom Penh has a growing cafe culture, rooftop bars overlooking the Mekong River, and a dynamic food scene that blends Khmer traditions with modern influences.

For a change of pace, Cambodia’s coastline offers a different side of the country. Koh Rong and Koh Rong Samloem are the most famous islands, known for their white-sand beaches and clear blue waters. While Koh Rong is livelier with beach bars and parties, Koh Rong Samloem is quieter, making it perfect for relaxation. Kep, once a French colonial retreat, is known for its seafood, especially its famous crab market, while Kampot offers a laid-back riverside charm, with pepper farms, salt fields, and crumbling colonial buildings.

For those wanting to get off the beaten track, northeastern Cambodia is full of hidden gems. Mondulkiri is home to rolling green hills, waterfalls, and ethical elephant sanctuaries, offering a more sustainable alternative to elephant tourism in Thailand. Further north, Ratanakiri is known for its crater lakes and remote indigenous communities. The Mekong River town of Kratie is one of the best places in Southeast Asia to spot rare Irrawaddy dolphins, while the temples of Preah Vihear and Sambor Prei Kuk provide an alternative to the crowded ruins of Angkor.

Highlights

• Angkor Wat: Siem Reap acts as the gateway to the renowned temples of Angkor Archaeological Park, a true wonder of the world featuring more than 300 temples built over a 500 year period.
• Phnom Penh: beautiful colonial architectural, the National Museum, the Silver Pagoda and Royal Palace, bustling streets, and a vibrant riverside attract tourists to Cambodia’s capital city, where unique historic charms fill the air.
• Sihanoukville: Kampot, Kep, and Koh Kong: Each of Cambodia’s coastal provinces has a unique atmosphere and together they offer a diverse number of attractions and activities. The most difficult part is selecting which area to visit!
• Batdambang: Cambodia’s second-largest city, about 290km from Phnom Penh, seems more like a rural town than a city! It features a number of nearby temples from the Angkor era that lie within stunning countryside, as well as a handful of incredibly unique attractions, including a circus, a winery, and a ‘bamboo’ train!
• Ratanakiri: This remote province has a pair of lakes formed by dormant volcanic craters, fascinating hill tribe villages, and some of the most remote and pristine forest in Southeast Asia within Virachey National Park.
• Kratie: A northeastern town that is popular with backpackers, this rural provincial capital offers some interesting temples, a small museum and the opportunity to go Irrawaddy dolphin watching.

Top Cities

• Phnom Penh: The bustling capital city known for its historical sites, including the Royal Palace and the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.
• Siem Reap: The gateway to the Angkor Wat temple complex, offering rich cultural experiences and vibrant nightlife.
• Sihanoukville: A coastal city famous for its beautiful beaches and tropical islands.
• Battambang: Renowned for its French colonial architecture, arts scene, and the iconic bamboo train.
• Kampot: A riverside town known for its pepper plantations, scenic river cruises, and the nearby Bokor National Park.

Islands & Beaches

• Koh Rong: A popular island known for its stunning white-sand beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant nightlife.
• Koh Rong Samloem: A quieter, more laid-back island with pristine beaches and excellent snorkeling and diving spots.
• Otres Beach: Located near Sihanoukville, it offers a more relaxed vibe with beautiful sunsets and beachside bars.
• Koh Ta Kiev: An undeveloped island with lush jungles, secluded beaches, and a tranquil atmosphere.
• Serendipity Beach: A lively beach in Sihanoukville, known for its vibrant nightlife, beachfront restaurants, and water activities.

National Parks

• Bokor National Park: Known for its cool climate, misty landscapes, and historical French colonial buildings.
• Ream National Park: Offers diverse ecosystems with mangroves, coral reefs, and a variety of wildlife, ideal for eco-tours and boat trips.
• Virachey National Park: A remote park with dense forests, rare wildlife, and opportunities for trekking and exploring indigenous communities.
• Kirirom National Park: Famous for its pine forests, waterfalls, and scenic hiking trails.
• Cardamom Mountains: A vast area with rich biodiversity, offering adventurous activities like jungle trekking and wildlife spotting.

World Heritage

• Angkor Wat: The largest religious monument in the world, renowned for its intricate carvings and historical significance, located in Siem Reap.
• Preah Vihear Temple: An ancient Hindu temple perched on a cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains, known for its stunning views and well-preserved architecture.

The world-famous Angkor Wat in Siem Reap is the country’s crown jewel, where visitors can explore sprawling temple complexes, from the tree-root-covered ruins of Ta Prohm to the intricate carvings of Bayon. Beyond the temples, Siem Reap itself is a lively hub, with bustling night markets, traditional Apsara dance performances, and a thriving food scene that ranges from Khmer street food to fine dining.

In the capital, Phnom Penh, the grandeur of the Royal Palace and the silver-tiled floors of the Silver Pagoda offer a glimpse into Cambodia’s royal heritage, while the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and Choeung Ek Killing Fields provide a sobering but important look at the country’s more recent past. For nature lovers, the lush jungles of the Cardamom Mountains and the floating villages of Tonlé Sap Lake reveal Cambodia’s wild and traditional sides. Along the southern coast, the laid-back beaches of Koh Rong and Otres Beach offer soft sands and clear waters, perfect for unwinding.

Don’t Miss Activities

Explore Angkor Wat: The crown jewel of Cambodia and the world’s largest religious monument, Angkor Wat is a sprawling 12th-century temple complex surrounded by moats and jungle. It’s best visited at sunrise when the temple’s iconic towers reflect in the water. Located just outside Siem Reap.

Visit the Temples of Angkor: Beyond Angkor Wat, the greater Angkor Archaeological Park includes atmospheric sites like Ta Prohm (engulfed by tree roots), Bayon (with its serene stone faces), and dozens of lesser-visited ruins rich with detail and history.

Reflect at the Killing Fields and Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum: In Phnom Penh, these two sobering sites document the horrors of the Khmer Rouge regime. Tuol Sleng was a prison; the Killing Fields a mass burial site. Essential to understanding Cambodia’s recent history.

Cruise the Floating Villages of Tonlé Sap Lake: The stilted and floating homes of Kampong Phluk and Chong Khneas shift with the seasons. Boat tours give an intimate look at lake life, local fisheries, and floating schools.

Experience the Phare Circus: In Siem Reap, this dynamic social circus blends storytelling, music, dance, and acrobatics to tell uniquely Cambodian tales. Profits go to support education and the arts.

Trek in the Cardamom Mountains: Cambodia’s wildest region is home to dense rainforest, waterfalls, and rare wildlife like gibbons and elephants. Multi-day hikes and conservation lodges offer off-the-grid adventure.

Relax in Kep and Kampot: Kep offers quiet coastal charm and famously fresh crab. Kampot, set along the river, is known for its pepper farms, laid-back cafes, and colonial-era architecture.

Watch a Traditional Apsara Dance: This graceful classical dance, with intricate hand movements and elaborate costumes, is based on temple carvings. Performances are available nightly in Siem Reap.

Land Activities

Hiking & Trekking: Trails in the Cardamom and Dangrek Mountains offer treks to waterfalls, jungle lodges, and remote villages. Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri also have beautiful highland terrain.

Bicycle Touring: Siem Reap is ideal for temple cycling, with flat terrain and scenic countryside routes. Battambang and Kampot also offer peaceful, low-traffic backroads.

Wildlife Safari / Bird Watching: Prek Toal Bird Sanctuary is a top spot for birdwatching, especially in the dry season. Other reserves like Kulen Promtep and Virachey NP host rare species, though infrastructure is limited.

Caving / Spelunking: Kampot and Battambang have limestone caves with shrines, bat colonies, and scenic hilltop viewpoints. Phnom Chhnork is the most accessible.

Rock Climbing: Climbing is developing around Kampot and Phnom Kulen. Limestone crags and bolted routes exist, but it’s still a niche activity.

Water Activities

Scuba Diving: Koh Rong and Koh Rong Samloem offer coral reefs, occasional wrecks, and solid beginner sites. Not world-class but good value and fewer crowds than Thailand.

Kayaking / Canoeing: Paddle quiet stretches of the Kampot River, explore mangroves near Koh Kong, or kayak through floating forests on the Tonlé Sap. Peaceful, nature-filled options abound.

Fishing: Both river and coastal fishing are available, with excursions from Sihanoukville, Kep, and Tonlé Sap. Expect local-style setups more than luxury charters.

Snorkeling: Off the coast of Koh Rong Samloem and nearby islands, snorkelers can spot coral reefs, tropical fish, and the occasional ray or sea turtle.

River Cruises / Boat Tours: Evening cruises in Phnom Penh along the Tonlé Sap and Mekong, or eco-cruises near Kampot and Tonlé Sap’s floating villages, offer cultural and scenic views.

Surfing: Small waves occasionally roll into Otres Beach, but Cambodia has virtually no surf scene or consistent breaks.

White Water Rafting: Rare in Cambodia. Some very limited seasonal rafting may be possible in northeastern rivers near Ratanakiri but not well developed.

Wind Surfing: No established windsurfing scene or rentals.

Leisure & Lifestyle

Spa Treatments: Spas in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh offer affordable massages and wellness treatments. Traditional Khmer massage is similar to Thai style, with less emphasis on oil.

Cooking Classes: Learn to make dishes like amok (coconut fish curry) and banana blossom salad. Classes often include local market tours. Available in Siem Reap and Battambang.

Weddings / Honeymoons: Romantic escapes in Kep, private islands off the coast, or luxury stays near Angkor Wat make for memorable settings. Less commercialized than nearby countries.

Shopping: Local markets are great for silk, silver, wood carvings, and Kampot pepper. The Russian Market in Phnom Penh and Old Market in Siem Reap are top spots.

Nightlife & Partying: Siem Reap has a lively scene along Pub Street, while Phnom Penh has riverside bars, nightclubs, and a small but growing live music scene.

Wellness, Spas & Yoga: Yoga studios and wellness retreats can be found in Siem Reap and riverside towns like Kampot, often paired with meditation and massage.

Golfing: A few courses exist near Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, catering mostly to expats. Playable, but not a major draw.

Winter Activities

Skiing / Snowboarding: Cambodia has no snow, no mountains with snowfall, and no facilities for winter sports.

Cultural Experiences

Explore the Temples of Angkor: The sprawling Angkor Archaeological Park is Cambodia’s spiritual and historical heart. From sunrise at Angkor Wat to jungle-covered Ta Prohm, these temples showcase ancient Khmer civilization at its peak.

Traditional Apsara Dance Performances: Watch graceful dancers in elaborate costumes reenact mythological stories through hand gestures and movement. Performances are common in Siem Reap and during festivals.

Homestays in Rural Villages: Stay with local families in areas like Kampong Thom or Battambang to experience everyday Cambodian life, including rice farming, cooking, and traditional ceremonies.

Visit Floating Villages on the Tonle Sap Lake: Discover stilted homes, floating schools, and waterborne markets in villages like Kompong Phluk or Chong Khneas, offering insight into life shaped by seasonal flooding.

Local Markets and Street Food Culture: Wander bustling markets like Phsar Thmey in Phnom Penh or Phsar Leu in Siem Reap. Try dishes like lok lak, fish amok, or grilled skewers from street vendors.

Buddhist Pagodas and Monk Blessings: Visit active pagodas like Wat Phnom or Wat Botum, where visitors can receive a water blessing from monks and observe daily rituals.

Traditional Craft Villages: Tour communities specializing in silk weaving, stone carving, or silverwork , such as Artisans Angkor in Siem Reap or craft workshops near Kampong Cham.

Unique

Phare Circus: One-of-a-kind social enterprise and performance art in Siem Reap. Expect emotion, humor, and acrobatics , Cambodia’s Cirque du Soleil with a heart.

Floating Villages: Life on the water is ever-changing and deeply tied to the ecosystem of Tonlé Sap. Visit responsibly with operators that work with local communities.

Spot Irrawaddy Dolphins in Kratie: Rare freshwater dolphins still live in the Mekong near Kratie. Quiet boat tours offer a chance to see them surface , conservation is key here.

Visit Preah Vihear Temple: A dramatic hilltop temple near the Thai border with sweeping views and far fewer crowds than Angkor.

Explore the Killing Caves of Phnom Sampeau: Outside Battambang, these limestone caves were used during the Khmer Rouge era and now serve as memorials , reachable via a short hike with sweeping views.

Visit Bokor Hill Station: A foggy, atmospheric French-era resort near Kampot, now semi-abandoned and eerie. Home to a mountaintop church, casino ruins, and a new luxury hotel.

Go Pepper Tasting in Kampot: Kampot pepper is globally prized. Visit plantations like La Plantation to taste black, red, and white pepper at their source.

Kulen Mountain Pilgrimage: Sacred to Cambodians, Phnom Kulen near Siem Reap is a spiritual destination with carvings in a riverbed, pagodas, and swimming under waterfalls.

Courses & Learning

Cooking Classes: Learn to prepare Cambodian dishes in hands-on classes, usually including a local market visit. Popular in Siem Reap, Battambang, and Phnom Penh.

Traditional Dance Workshops: Take a short course in classical Apsara dance or folk styles. Often offered in conjunction with performances in Siem Reap.

Khmer Language Classes: Learn the basics of Khmer in short courses available in major cities , useful for travelers and long-stay visitors.

Meditation Retreats: Some temples and independent centers offer multi-day retreats in Siem Reap, Battambang, or rural areas. Basic facilities, but deep insight.

Yoga Teacher Training: Offered at wellness centers in Siem Reap and Kampot, often in combination with meditation and holistic practices.

Artisan Craft Workshops: Learn silk weaving, silver smithing, pottery, or shadow puppet-making from local artisans in programs at Artisans Angkor or independent studios.

Photography Tours: Guided by local or international pros, these tours help capture Angkor, markets, monks, and more in perfect light , often offered from Siem Reap.

SCUBA Diving Certification: Affordable dive certification courses (PADI Open Water) are offered in Koh Rong and Koh Rong Samloem with decent training facilities.

Volunteer Teaching or Conservation: NGOs offer placements in English education, wildlife rescue, and rural development , usually for longer stays with orientation included.

Cambodia offers a range of transportation options, allowing visitors to easily explore its cities, historical sites, and beautiful countryside. Public transport is limited in some regions, but buses, taxis, and motorbikes are popular choices for getting around. For those heading to more remote locations, private car hire or river transport can offer greater flexibility and comfort.

Train

Cambodia’s rail network is limited but improving, primarily operating between major cities. The Royal Railway operates a few domestic routes, connecting Phnom Penh with Sihanoukville and Battambang. The network is small, so trains are not the most popular form of travel, but they do offer a unique and scenic experience.

• Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville (6-7 hours): A route connecting the capital to the coastal town.
• Phnom Penh to Battambang (6 hours): A route through Cambodia’s countryside to the northwestern city.

Train travel is generally slower and less frequent than other modes of transport, but it offers a comfortable and relaxed way to experience Cambodia’s landscape.

Bus

Buses are the most common and affordable way to travel around Cambodia, especially for long-distance journeys. Companies like Giant Ibis, Cambodia Post and Mekong Express operate reliable and comfortable services between major cities and towns.

• Phnom Penh to Siem Reap (6-7 hours): A popular route to the city near the famous Angkor Wat temple complex.
• Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville (5-6 hours): A route to the coastal city.
• Siem Reap to Battambang (3 hours): A short journey between two of Cambodia’s historical towns.

Buses in Cambodia are affordable and widely available, though they can be crowded and unreliable at times, especially during rainy season.

Car Rental

Renting a car in Cambodia is possible but not always recommended for inexperienced drivers. Road conditions can be challenging, especially outside the cities, with poor signage and narrow roads. However, if you’re planning to visit more remote regions or want more flexibility, renting a car with a driver is a popular choice.

• Private car hire is available in cities like Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, and it’s ideal for visitors looking to explore Angkor Wat or the Cambodian countryside at their own pace.
• 4x4 vehicles are recommended for rural areas, especially if you’re planning to visit national parks or remote towns.

Hiring a private car with a driver is common and often the best option for tourists who want more comfort and flexibility.

Ride Share

Ride-sharing services like Grab are available in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, offering a convenient and affordable alternative to taxis. Grab offers both cars and motorbikes, making it ideal for short trips within cities.

• Grab is popular for short trips and airport transfers.
• Motorbike taxis (often available through Grab or other local apps) are also a common and affordable way to navigate busy cities.

Ride-sharing services are an affordable, safe, and easy option for travelers, especially for those who are unfamiliar with local taxi rates.

Ferries

Ferries are essential for reaching Cambodia’s islands. Regular services run from Sihanoukville to Koh Rong, Koh Rong Samloem, and other nearby islands. Speed ferries are the fastest option, while slower boats offer a more relaxed journey. It’s advisable to check schedules and weather conditions in advance, especially during the rainy season.

Ferries are a popular means of transport in Cambodia, especially for crossing rivers and visiting islands. Ferries are also common for reaching places like Koh Rong and Koh Kong.

• Phnom Penh to Koh Dach (1 hour): A short ferry ride to the island just outside of Phnom Penh, known for its peaceful environment.
• Sihanoukville to Koh Rong (1 hour): A popular ferry route to the beautiful island, known for its pristine beaches.

Ferries are generally cheap and frequent, but schedules may vary depending on the season and weather conditions.

Air

Flying is generally not necessary for travel within Cambodia, as the country is relatively small and well-served by buses and trains. However, there are domestic flights connecting Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Sihanoukville, as well as flights to international destinations.

• Phnom Penh to Siem Reap (1 hour): A quick flight between the capital and the city near Angkor Wat.
• Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville (1 hour): A flight to the coastal city.

Flights are best suited for long-distance travel to neighboring countries or for tourists who prefer a quick and convenient option to reach different parts of Cambodia.

Taxis

Taxis are available in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and other major cities, though they are not as common as ride-sharing services. Taxis are typically metered, but it’s important to agree on the fare before starting a trip if the meter is not used.

• Taxis in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap can be more expensive than ride-sharing services, but they are generally safe and comfortable.
• Taxis can be ideal for airport transfers or when ride-sharing services are not available.

Taxis are useful for longer trips or when public transport is unavailable but tend to be costlier compared to public transport or ride-sharing.

Public Transport in Cities

Public transport in Cambodia is relatively limited, especially outside of major cities. However, buses and tuk-tuks (motorized rickshaws) are available in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Sihanoukville.

• Tuk-tuks are one of the most common forms of transport within cities and are perfect for short distances.
• City buses are available in Phnom Penh, but they are generally slow and less reliable than tuk-tuks or ride-sharing services.

Public transport in Cambodia is inexpensive, but tuk-tuks are generally preferred for short trips and for exploring tourist attractions.

Cambodia is a very poor country, and the poor sanitation around the country reflects this. Medical standards are very low (A visit to a local hospital in Siem Reap is nearly as heart-wrenching as a visit to a killing field). Treatment is generally inexpensive, unless you urgently require something potentially expensive (broken limb?); you may be required to pay before you are treated. Preventative measures are therefore highly recommended!

Consult a doctor about vaccinations and prophylactics before traveling – preferably a doctor or a center that is experienced in tropical medicine – several months before you plan to leave. The World Health Organization reports that cholera, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and typhoid fever can occur in Cambodia.

The vast majority of Cambodians follow a Buddhist lifestyle, and as a consequence, there is little petty crime in the rural countryside. This cannot be said however about the cities, where pickpockets are aplenty. While most travellers are not at risk from violence here, lawlessness and accessibility of firearms makes it wise to stay home after dark unless you want to risk getting your head blown off. Health risks are numerous, with malaria, dengue fever, hepatitis B and typhoid all prevalent, and if you do get sick, don’t expect to be booking into a first-class hospital.

Road conditions vary, with chaotic traffic, poor enforcement of traffic laws, and a high rate of motorbike accidents. Many rural roads are unpaved, and nighttime driving is particularly dangerous due to a lack of street lighting and reckless drivers. Health risks include mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria, especially in jungle areas. Food and water safety can be an issue, with tap water unsafe to drink and street food sometimes causing stomach illnesses. Medical facilities in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap are decent for minor issues, but serious conditions often require evacuation to Thailand or Singapore. Cambodia is also prone to seasonal flooding, particularly during the monsoon season.

Scams & Petty Crime: A common issue in tourist areas, with pickpocketing, bag snatching, and motorbike theft being frequent. Scams involving rigged money exchanges, fake orphanages, and overpriced tuk-tuk rides are widespread. Travelers should use ride-hailing apps and keep valuables secured.

Political Unrest: Generally stable, but protests do occur, mainly in Phnom Penh. While most are peaceful, police crackdowns can be unpredictable. Travelers should avoid political discussions and large gatherings.

Diseases: Before traveling to Cambodia, ensure that your vaccinations are up-to-date, including hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and tetanus. Foodborne illnesses are common, so eating at reputable restaurants and drinking bottled or filtered water is recommended. Dengue fever is present year-round, with peaks during the rainy season. Malaria is present throughout Cambodia and visitors should take precautions to avoid contracting it, especially when spending time in national parks. It is a good idea to take malaria tablets while traveling through Cambodia as well as for a few weeks prior to visiting and after leaving the country. Malaria is very rare in the two major urban areas (Though legitimately frightening in Banteay Meanchey) and you can buy practically any medicine at U-Care for a fraction of the cost in the west (Much of it produced in France). Otherwise, doxycycline helps ward off various “bugs” that find their way into our system and you should have immunizations for things like Hepatitis anyway.

Health Facilities: Adequate in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap for minor issues, but serious medical cases often require evacuation to Thailand or Singapore. Travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is highly recommended.

Road Conditions: Poor and often hazardous, with reckless driving, unpaved rural roads, and limited enforcement of traffic laws. Motorbike accidents are frequent, and night driving is particularly risky due to poor visibility and road conditions.

Food & Water: Tap water is not safe to drink. Bottled or filtered water is essential. Street food is a big part of Cambodian culture and can be safe, but food that has been sitting out too long should be avoided.

Nature’s Fury: Cambodia experiences heavy monsoon rains from May to October, leading to frequent flooding. The country is not prone to earthquakes or typhoons, but extreme heat and humidity can cause dehydration and heat-related illnesses.

The country has a tragic recent history due to the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s, but today, Cambodia is a resilient nation rich in culture and spirituality. Buddhism is the dominant religion, shaping the country’s festivals, art, and daily life. Cambodia’s royal family and temples play an important role in its national identity.

Cambodia also offers a growing tourism scene with an emphasis on ecotourism, cultural experiences, and a chance to learn about the nation’s history. Whether you’re exploring the temples, learning about the country’s history, or enjoying the beautiful landscapes, Cambodia is a destination that offers more than meets the eye.

Food

Cambodian cuisine, often overshadowed by its Thai and Vietnamese neighbors, offers a delightful array of flavors and textures that are sure to please any palate.

These dishes are generally not as spicy as common dishes found in neighboring Thailand, though some are otherwise quite similar.

Other Cambodian favorites are similar to dishes prepared in Vietnam, as Cambodian cuisine has influenced (and been influenced by) both those of its neighbors over the centuries. Fortunately for diners unfamiliar with Khmer cuisine, most restaurants have English-language menus that translate things quite literally, including dishes such as “chicken with garlic” or “spicy-sour soup”, although some dishes, such as Amok defy simple translation.

Language

Khmer is the official language of Cambodia, and most people, even non-ethnic Khmers, can speak it. Khmer belongs to the Mon-Khmer family of Austro-Asiatic languages. As opposed to the tonal languages of Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, and Chinese, Khmer is non-tonal – that’s right, you might actually have a chance of learning it!

Beware however, as the inflections of particular words can still influence meanings. Khmer is similar to Thai in syntax and structure – meaning it’s quite simple, with no tenses, no verb conjugations, no gender inflections, and no changes for plural or singular - but that’s where the similarity ends. Khmer pronunciation can be challenging for beginners due to its use of tones and unique sounds.

• Consonants: Some consonants are pronounced differently at the beginning and end of a word. For example, “k” at the end of a word is softer.
• Vowels: Khmer has a rich array of vowel sounds, including some that do not exist in English. Listen carefully to native speakers to get a sense of these sounds.
• Tones: Khmer is not a tonal language like Thai or Vietnamese, but intonation can still affect meaning.

While English is widely spoken in tourist areas, learning a few basic Khmer phrases can enhance your travel experience and show respect for the local culture.

• Patience: Be patient and keep a positive attitude when trying to communicate in Khmer. Locals will appreciate your efforts, even if your pronunciation isn’t perfect.
• Practice: Practice basic phrases regularly to build confidence. Use them when shopping, dining, or asking for directions.
• Smile: A friendly smile goes a long way in Cambodia and can help bridge any language gaps.

Culture

Social customs: Khmer people observe conservative conduct when in public and the majority of these customs involve dress and behavior. People generally avoid making physical contact when in public and women in particular should take care to cover up when visiting temples and pagodas.

Traditional social customs in Cambodia are similar to those in other predominantly Buddhist countries, such as Thailand. That said, Cambodia has a very young population (more than 50% are under the age of 18) that is increasingly uninterested in their traditional customs.

Moreover, Cambodia at large has had such a challenging recent past that most Cambodians are likely to forgive your ignorant disregard for traditional social etiquette. So, while breaking some of the following customs are unlikely to elicit shock, its best if you try to be respectful and use your common sense; if you are sincere, Cambodian people are likely to find your indiscretions funny, though breaking religious taboos are less likely to elicit much sympathy.

Etiquette

Social customs in Cambodia are similar to other predominantly Buddhist countries. Be respectful and use your common sense and you’ll probably have an enjoyable visit to Cambodia. Some main points to remember are:

• Don’t touch heads: In Buddhism, the head is the most sacred part of the body. When walking past older people, try to keep your head lower than theirs. You don’t actually have to; simply ducking slightly indicates respect.
• Watch your feet: The feet are considered the dirtiest part of the body, so be aware of what your feet are doing. Do not place your feet on furniture, do not point the soles of your feet at another person or Buddha images, and do not use your feet to gesture. When sitting opposite somebody or on the floor of a temple, tuck your feet underneath you.
• Don’t lose your cool: Raising your voice reflects very badly on you and will not get you what you want.
• Don’t point: it’s rude. Use your palm facing down to indicate something instead.
• Don’t flash your flesh: Dress modestly all of the time, but particularly when entering wats. Don’t even think about wearing spaghetti strap singlets – cover your shoulders, and wear long pants or a long skirt to cover the knees.
• Never climb on a Buddha image
• Leave your shoes outside: people’s homes, and if you’re invited for a meal, take a small gift. In temples, you can wear shoes while walking around the compound, but not inside the building where the main Buddha image is kept.
• Don’t kiss: or cuddle in public.
• Keep your head lower: than Buddha images and monks. Monks must not be touched by women. If giving something to a monk, place it on the ground for him to pick up, or give it to a male to give to him. Women should also avoid sitting next to monks, for instance on public transport.
• Tipping: is unnecessary, but always appreciated.

Arts & Crafts

Cambodia’s artistic heritage dates back to the early kingdoms periods, when Cambodian artisans began creating wonderful freestanding statuary that distinctively broke from its Indian-influenced roots. Sculpture from the Chenla-era temples of modern-day Sambor Prei Kuk are considered some of the most beautiful ever produced in Cambodia, while the spectacular mural carvings of Angkor Wat and the elaborate reliefs of Banteay Srei elicit awe from millions of visitors each year. Traditional music and dance are also a legacy of the great Khmer kingdoms, while a resurgence in silk weaving and the production of other traditional handicrafts allow visitors to appreciate (and purchase) the intricate arts and crafts of the Cambodian people and their fascinating culture.

• Traditional Cambodian Handicrafts: are created from a range of natural materials and include silver and gold jewelry, wood and stone-carved sculpture, and beautiful woven scarves and dresses. Silk production and weaving is a traditional practice that has been reintroduced to many rural areas to provide income for impoverished communities, while krama are inexpensive and multi-purpose cloth scarves that are an integral part of Cambodian culture.

• Traditional Cambodian Literature: traditional literature focuses on epic religious tales, while modern novels often relate the hardships suffered during the tyranny of the Khmer Rouge.

• Cambodian Architecture: Cambodian architecture is actually quite an interesting subject. Temple architecture is particularly fascinating as there is nearly 1,000 years of development spanning the Funan, Chenla, and Angkor kingdoms. Traditional architecture varies little, as most homes are wooden and built of wood, though century-old homes south of Batdambang are interesting places to visit and ethnic minorities in the east live in uniquely designed structures.

  In more modern times, Cambodian architecture was heavily influenced by the French, who occupied Cambodia (along with Vietnam and Laos) as colonial French Indochina. The signature yellow-walled structures of the French colonial era with their shuttered windows are distinctive throughout the region. Phnom Penh and Batdambang feature the largest number of buildings from the era, but these structures were built to last and both run-down and renovated former banks, hotels, and other administrative offices can be found throughout Cambodia.

• Tradtional Cambodian Music and Dance: whether modern, traditional, or religious, Cambodia’s dances are always graceful and elaborate, featuring colorful costumes and accompanied by live music played by an ensemble band. Dinner theater performances in Siem Reap are a ‘must-see’ for visitors interested in both folk dance, which tells stories of rural living, and apsara dance, which has its roots in Angkor-era religious ceremony.

• Traditional Cambodian Sculpture and Painting: intricate sculptures can be seen all over Cambodia, particularly at the temples of Angkor. Local artisans in Pursat and the village of Choob, along the road from Batdambang to Siem Reap, are respectively renowned for their marble and sandstone carving. Painting is also a highly developed art form that often depicts religious or rural scenes, notably on the interior walls of Buddhist monasteries, though silk-painting is undergoing a revival thanks to artisan’s workshops such as Artisans D’Angkor, in Siem Reap.

People

Just under 15 million people live in Cambodia, roughly 22 percent of whom live in the capital city of Phnom Penh (2.1 million people). Ethnic Khmers comprise 95 percent of the population; a small community of ethnic-Chinese and ethnic-Vietnamese people can also be found in Cambodia (including the Cham, indigenous people of Vietnam who were contemporaries of Angkorian Cambodia), and there are a number of ‘hill tribes’ in the eastern provinces of the country who constitute a majority of the population in Ratanakiri and Mondulkiri provinces. Other major urban centers include Batdambang, Siem Reap, and Kompong Cham.

Religion

Around 95 percent of Cambodia’s population is Buddhist. Most of the remaining citizens are either Muslim or Christian, while animism and Caodaism is practiced by the hill tribes living in the eastern provinces bordering Vietnam.

History

The Kingdom of Cambodia is steeped in history, which allows visitors to explore and experience an abundance of historical ruins and temples. The Khmer empire at Angkor, which flourished between the 9th and 14th centuries, was the pinnacle of Cambodian history and power. The majority of monuments were built in this era, most of which now carry UNESCO World Heritage status. The centerpiece of the Khmer Empire is the now famous Angkor Wat, though there are over 300 temples in the Angkor Archaeological Park.

• 1,000 BC: Archaeological findings provide evidence of settlers living in the Southeastern Mekong delta region, dwelling in houses on stilts and living on a diet of fish and rice.
• 1BC-630 AD: Indianization and the Funan period - The first reports of a kingdom in the Mekong River delta region of modern-day Cambodia and Vietnam were recorded by the Chinese. They described a kingdom, or perhaps an association of smaller kingdoms, whose culture was strongly influenced by Indian immigrants. Indian settlers appear to have taught the Cambodians advanced agricultural irrigation techniques as well as the practices of both Hinduism and Buddhism, which were adopted by the earliest rulers. Indian traders referred to Cambodia as Souvannaphum, the golden mountain land.
• 802AD-1432: Khmer Empire – The pinnacle of Cambodian history, the Angkor era was certainly Cambodia’s golden age. In the centuries after Jayavarman II founded the first unified Cambodian kingdom just north of modern-day Siem Reap, Angkor grew to become arguably the largest city on earth and the most powerful kingdom in the region.
• 1863-1953: French colonial rule – After numerous Cambodian kings struggled (usually unsuccessfully) to ward off encroachment by neighboring Vietnam and Siam (Thailand), Cambodia turned to the French for help, only to come under the sway of the European power. While much-needed infrastructure was contributed by the French, the lions share of the spoils were exported and Cambodian’s resented French governance and taxation. The French did help preserve and reconstruct many ancient sites in Cambodia and left behind many beautiful colonial buildings, primarily in the capital Phnom Penh. However, the instability following French withdrawal and the subsequent conflict in neighboring Vietnam were contributing factors in the rise of the Khmer Rouge.
• 1975-1979: Khmer Rouge period – Probably the darkest period in Cambodian history, during which the Khmer Rouge came to power and eradicated almost an entire generation of its population who were seen as educated and pro-West. The legacy of the Khmer Rouge was despair, now memorialized at numerous ‘Killing Fields’ and the gruesome Tuol Sleng Prison, which is now a museum.