The smallest and no doubt holiest independent state in the world is at times also the most densely populated as believers and non-believers in equal measures come here from surrounding Rome for a glimpse of St Peter’s Basilica, one of the most iconic religious buildings in the world. Any visit to the Italian capital would not be complete without a look around this architecturally impressive principality.
What is it?: Vatican City is the smallest independent country in the world, located entirely within the city of Rome, serving as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church.
Affordability: Vatican City is quite expensive, as it is one of the smallest and most exclusive destinations in the world. While entry to major sites like St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican Museums is free or reasonably priced, dining and accommodation around the Vatican can be costly, especially in nearby areas of Rome.
Safety: Extremely safe, with one of the lowest crime rates in the world. Vatican City is well-patrolled and secure, making it a peaceful destination for tourists.
Popularity: As the smallest country in the world and the center of the Roman Catholic Church, Vatican City is a major pilgrimage and cultural destination, attracting millions of visitors annually.
Tourist Infrastructure: Excellent, with well-maintained landmarks, guided tours, and multilingual services. The infrastructure is designed to handle high volumes of tourists, particularly around major religious events.
Weather: Mediterranean climate, with mild winters (December–February) and hot, dry summers (June–August). The best time to visit is spring (April–June) and autumn (September–October) for comfortable weather and fewer crowds.
Best Time to Go: April–October for the best weather, particularly for exploring St. Peter’s Square and the Vatican Gardens. Avoid religious holidays and events when crowds can be overwhelming.
Known For: The Vatican Museums, St. Peter’s Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Pope’s residence, the religious heart of Catholicism, Renaissance art, Michelangelo’s frescoes.
Top Destinations: St. Peter’s Basilica • Sistine Chapel • Vatican Museums • St. Peter’s Square • Vatican Gardens
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Nature Buffs: Vatican City, being a small and man-made enclave, lacks significant natural attractions. However, the Vatican Gardens offer some beautifully maintained green spaces.
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History Buffs: Vatican City is a must-see for history buffs, with its incredible wealth of religious and cultural history, from the Sistine Chapel’s frescoes by Michelangelo to the centuries-old artifacts in the Vatican Museums.
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Beach Bunnies: Vatican City is landlocked, and as such, it does not offer any beaches. Visitors can, however, easily access Rome’s nearby coastlines.
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Digital Nomads: Vatican City is a small, historical site with limited infrastructure for digital nomads. The appeal lies more in its religious and cultural significance than in serving as a remote work hub.
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Families: Vatican City is family-friendly, offering educational and cultural experiences, such as visiting the Vatican Museums and St. Peter’s Basilica, as well as interactive activities for children to engage with religious history and art.
Given that it has no hotels, in fact, no accommodation at all, and just a few places to eat, the Vatican would appear to be completely unfit for human habitation, let alone fit for catering to millions of tourists, which it does year upon year. Those that wish to rub shoulders with the Pope usually come away disappointed, but it is possible to stay in the vicinity of the Vatican just outside in Rome, making it easy to walk here each day. Cafés and restaurants are scarce but available in and around the museum.
Vatican City, the world’s smallest country, is the spiritual heart of Catholicism and home to breathtaking art and architecture. St. Peter’s Basilica dominates the skyline, its massive dome designed by Michelangelo, while the Sistine Chapel stuns with his frescoed ceiling. The Vatican Museums house centuries of masterpieces, from Raphael’s rooms to ancient sculptures. Pilgrims gather in St. Peter’s Square for papal blessings, while history and faith intertwine in every corner. Though tiny, Vatican City holds immense cultural and religious significance, drawing millions to its sacred and artistic treasures.
Most visitors come to see the iconic St. Peter’s Basilica, the largest church in the world, and the Vatican Museums, which house one of the most important art collections in the world, including Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Ceiling and works by Raphael. The Vatican Gardens offer a serene escape, while St. Peter’s Square serves as a focal point for pilgrims and visitors alike, with its grand colonnades and views of the basilica. Despite its size, Vatican City offers a wealth of cultural and spiritual experiences, making it a must-see destination for anyone visiting Rome.
Vatican City is affordable to visit, as entry to St. Peter’s Basilica and St. Peter’s Square is free. However, there are fees for visiting the Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel, but they are relatively modest considering the invaluable art and historical significance on display. Dining in Vatican City itself is limited, but Rome offers a wide range of affordable eateries, from traditional pizzerias and gelaterias to upscale restaurants serving classic Italian dishes. Local food specialties include Roman pizza, pasta carbonara, and a range of Italian wines.
Getting around Vatican City is simple due to its small size. Walking is the best way to explore, as the entire country can be crossed in just a few minutes. Visitors can easily combine their visit to Vatican City with exploration of the rest of Rome, where public transportation such as buses, metros, and taxis are readily available. English is widely spoken in Vatican City, and Italian is the official language. Vatican City is a safe destination, welcoming millions of visitors each year, including many pilgrims who come for religious reasons.
- Capital: Vatican City (itself)
- Population: ~800 (Density: ~2,200 people per km², ~5,700 per mi²)
- Area: 0.49 km² (0.19 mi²)
- Official Language: Latin, Italian
- Common Languages: Italian (widely spoken), English, French, Spanish
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: UTC+1 (Standard), UTC+2 (Daylight Saving Time)
- Electricity: Plug Type C, F (230V, 50Hz)
- Emergency Contacts: Police 112, Ambulance 118, Fire 115
- Drives On: Right
- Religions: Christianity ~100% (Roman Catholic)
- Government: Absolute Monarchy (Papal system)
- Map Links: Google Maps | Apple Maps
- Coordinates (for GPS): 41.9029, 12.4534
Why Go to Vatican City?
- St. Peter’s Basilica: Visit the largest church in the world, with its awe-inspiring architecture and Michelangelo’s Pietà.
- Vatican Museums & Sistine Chapel: Explore the Vatican Museums, which house masterpieces like Raphael’s Rooms and Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Ceiling.
- St. Peter’s Square: Experience the grandeur of St. Peter’s Square, where you can admire the beautiful colonnades and the view of St. Peter’s Basilica.
- Vatican Gardens: Take a guided tour of the peaceful Vatican Gardens, a serene retreat within the heart of the city.
- Papal Audience: Attend the Papal Audience in St. Peter’s Square to hear from the Pope and witness one of the largest gatherings in the world.
- Spiritual Significance: For many, a visit to Vatican City is a deeply spiritual experience, offering a chance to connect with the heart of Catholicism.
What’s Cool
Home to St. Peter’s Basilica, the breathtaking Sistine Chapel, world-class Vatican Museums, Michelangelo’s masterpieces, rich religious and artistic heritage, opportunity to see the Pope at St. Peter’s Square, stunning Renaissance architecture, compact and walkable, fascinating history as the world’s smallest country, beautiful Vatican Gardens, unparalleled collection of religious artifacts, unique experience of being in a city-state within Rome.
What’s Not
Massive tourist crowds year-round, long queues for top attractions, strict dress codes for entering religious sites, expensive souvenirs and food, very limited accommodation options (must stay in Rome), heavy security checks, no independent exploration beyond public areas, occasional closures due to religious events, early closing times for museums, limited modern entertainment or nightlife.
Vatican City is an independent city-state located entirely within Rome, Italy. It is the smallest country in the world, both in size (0.49 square kilometers) and population. It serves as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church, with Pope Francis as its head of state. Vatican City is home to some of the most important religious and artistic sites in the world, including St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican Museums, and the Sistine Chapel.
Vatican City is a walled enclave within Rome, sitting on the western bank of the Tiber River. The territory consists of St. Peter’s Square, St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican Museums, the Apostolic Palace, and gardens. The country has its own postal service, radio station, and Swiss Guard, who serve as the Pope’s official protectors. Despite its small size, Vatican City holds some of the world’s most significant religious, historical, and artistic treasures.
Tourism in Vatican City is focused on religious pilgrimages, art and architecture, and papal audiences.
Visitors reach Vatican City through Rome, as there are no airports or train stations within the city-state. The nearest major transport hubs are Rome Fiumicino Airport and Rome Ciampino Airport. Vatican City is accessible via Rome’s Metro Line A, with stops at Ottaviano and Cipro stations. Many visitors arrive by foot from St. Peter’s Square, with nearby buses and taxis providing easy access.
- St. Peter’s Basilica – One of the most important churches in Christianity, known for its Michelangelo-designed dome, Pietà sculpture, and Bernini’s Baldachin.
- Vatican Museums – A vast collection of art, including the Gallery of Maps, Raphael Rooms, and classical sculptures.
- Sistine Chapel – Famous for Michelangelo’s frescoes, including the Creation of Adam and Last Judgment.
- St. Peter’s Square – A grand plaza designed by Bernini, where papal audiences and major religious events take place.
- Vatican Gardens – A serene and historic space with fountains, statues, and manicured lawns, only accessible via guided tours.
Start your visit at St. Peter’s Basilica, one of the largest and most magnificent churches in the world. The interior is adorned with artwork by Michelangelo and other Renaissance masters, including the famous Pietà, a sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding Christ’s body. You can also climb to the top of the dome for breathtaking panoramic views of Vatican City and Rome.
Next, explore the Vatican Museums, home to an extraordinary collection of art, sculptures, and historical artifacts accumulated over centuries. The highlight of the museum is the Sistine Chapel, where you can admire Michelangelo’s masterpiece ceiling, including the iconic Creation of Adam. The Raphael Rooms, decorated with frescoes by the artist, are another must-see in the museum.
Just outside the Vatican Museums, St. Peter’s Square is an impressive open space that can hold thousands of visitors. The square is surrounded by grandiose colonnades designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and at its center stands an Egyptian obelisk. The area is also known for the regular papal appearances, where the pope addresses the crowd from the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica.
For those interested in the Vatican’s religious history, a visit to the Vatican Necropolis, located beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, is a fascinating experience. This ancient burial ground includes the tomb of St. Peter, one of Christianity’s most important saints.
Highlights
- St. Peter’s Basilica – A magnificent church, home to masterpieces by Michelangelo and the site of Pietà.
- Vatican Museums – A world-renowned collection of art, including works by Michelangelo, Raphael, and ancient sculptures.
- Sistine Chapel – Famous for Michelangelo’s ceiling and its historical significance as the location of papal conclaves.
- St. Peter’s Square – A grand space surrounded by colonnades, the site of papal events and addresses.
- Vatican Necropolis – The burial site beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, including the tomb of St. Peter.
Top Sights & Attractions
- St. Peter’s Basilica – A must-see landmark, featuring artwork, Michelangelo’s dome, and panoramic views from the top.
- Sistine Chapel – Admire Michelangelo’s frescoes, including the Creation of Adam on the ceiling.
- Vatican Museums – Explore the extensive art collection, including the Raphael Rooms and ancient sculptures.
- St. Peter’s Square – A grand, open space known for its massive colonnades and the papal balcony.
- Vatican Gardens – Beautiful, tranquil gardens behind the Vatican walls, offering a peaceful escape.
Religious & Cultural Sites
- St. Peter’s Basilica – A significant religious site and a marvel of Renaissance architecture.
- Vatican Museums – Not just an art collection, but an institution with deep religious and cultural significance.
- Sistine Chapel – The center of Vatican religious life and art, with its incredible frescoes.
- Vatican Necropolis – An ancient burial site of significant religious importance.
- Apostolic Palace – The residence of the Pope, a historically and spiritually significant building.
Unique Experiences
- Climb to the Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica – Take a lift and then climb the 320 steps to the top of the dome for incredible views over the Vatican and Rome.
- Attend a Papal Audience – If you’re visiting on Wednesday, attend a papal audience and see the Pope.
- Visit the Vatican Gardens – Take a guided tour through the peaceful and beautiful gardens behind St. Peter’s Basilica.
- Explore the Vatican Necropolis – Discover the ancient burial site beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, including the tomb of St. Peter himself.
- Take a Night Tour of the Vatican Museums – Skip the crowds and explore the museums under the night sky for a unique experience.
At its heart lies St. Peter’s Basilica, a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture, where Michelangelo’s breathtaking dome and the stunning Pietà sculpture leave visitors in awe. Climbing to the top of the dome offers panoramic views over Rome, while below, the Vatican Grottoes house the tombs of popes, including St. Peter himself. Just outside, St. Peter’s Square, designed by Bernini, welcomes pilgrims and tourists alike, especially during the Pope’s public blessings.
Beyond the basilica, the Vatican Museums hold one of the world’s most impressive art collections, with treasures ranging from ancient Roman statues to Renaissance masterpieces. The highlight is undoubtedly the Sistine Chapel, where Michelangelo’s iconic frescoes, including The Creation of Adam and The Last Judgment, cover the ceiling and altar wall in breathtaking detail. Walking through the museum’s grand halls, including the Raphael Rooms, reveals the artistic and religious grandeur of the Vatican’s past.
- Scuba Diving: Vatican City does not have access to the sea, so scuba diving is not an option here. However, nearby locations such as the Mediterranean coast offer plenty of diving opportunities.
- Motorcycle Touring: While Vatican City itself is small and not ideal for motorcycle touring, nearby Rome offers great opportunities to explore by motorcycle. The streets of Rome, with its ancient ruins and vibrant neighborhoods, are ideal for a motorcycle tour.
- Nightlife & Partying: Vatican City is a religious hub and does not have a nightlife scene. However, Rome’s vibrant nightlife, with its numerous bars, cafes, and music venues, is just a short walk away from the Vatican.
- Rock Climbing: Vatican City doesn’t offer opportunities for rock climbing, but nearby locations in Rome, including the hills of the region, provide opportunities for outdoor activities and scenic walks.
- Bicycle Touring: Although Vatican City itself is small, cycling around nearby Rome, including the areas surrounding St. Peter’s Square, is a great way to explore the city’s historic sites and landmarks.
- Golfing: Vatican City does not have any golf courses, but Rome has several quality golf courses on the outskirts of the city, offering beautiful views and well-maintained greens.
- Shopping: Vatican City offers unique souvenirs such as religious artifacts, books, and art pieces at the Vatican gift shops. For more extensive shopping, head to nearby Rome for luxury boutiques and artisan goods.
- Trekking: While trekking within Vatican City itself is limited, walking tours of the Vatican Museums and St. Peter’s Basilica, as well as exploring the surrounding areas of Rome, offer plenty of fascinating historical and cultural sights.
- Mountain Biking: Vatican City is not suitable for mountain biking, but nearby regions in Rome offer excellent cycling routes, including parks and the ancient Via Appia.
- White Water Rafting: Vatican City does not offer any white-water rafting experiences, but rafting opportunities can be found in regions outside Rome, particularly in central and southern Italy.
- Wind Surfing: Vatican City, being landlocked, does not have windsurfing opportunities, but the Mediterranean coast of Italy offers ideal conditions for windsurfing in places like Sardinia and the Amalfi Coast.
Cultural Experiences
Vatican City’s cultural offerings are unparalleled. Home to some of the world’s most famous art and religious sites, it is the perfect destination for anyone interested in religious history, Renaissance art, and stunning architecture.
- Visiting St. Peter’s Basilica: St. Peter’s Basilica is one of the largest and most important churches in the world. Visitors can admire its stunning Renaissance architecture, including works by Michelangelo, and even climb to the top of the dome for panoramic views of Rome.
- Exploring the Vatican Museums: The Vatican Museums house one of the world’s greatest art collections, including works by Raphael, Caravaggio, and Leonardo da Vinci. The museums culminate in the Sistine Chapel, where you can admire Michelangelo’s famous ceiling frescoes.
- Admiring the Sistine Chapel: The Sistine Chapel is one of the Vatican’s most iconic landmarks. Michelangelo’s ceiling frescoes, including “The Creation of Adam,” are masterpieces of Renaissance art and a must-see for art lovers.
- Touring St. Peter’s Square: St. Peter’s Square is a grand open space in front of St. Peter’s Basilica. The square is surrounded by majestic colonnades and is the focal point of the Vatican, especially during papal events and Masses.
- Visiting the Vatican Gardens: The Vatican Gardens are an oasis of greenery within Vatican City, open to visitors through guided tours. The gardens feature lush landscapes, fountains, and beautiful mosaics.
Natural Experiences
Vatican City may be small, but it offers natural beauty through its meticulously maintained gardens, outdoor spaces, and views of the city of Rome.
- Walking Through the Vatican Gardens: The Vatican Gardens are a serene escape within Vatican City. These private gardens are filled with fountains, flowers, and sculptures, and are open to visitors on guided tours.
- Strolling Around St. Peter’s Square: St. Peter’s Square itself is a beautiful space, designed by Bernini, with lush green lawns and impressive architecture. The square offers stunning views of the surrounding area, making it ideal for a leisurely walk.
- Exploring the Surrounding Views of Rome: While Vatican City itself is small, its central location provides excellent views of the city of Rome, including panoramic vistas from the top of St. Peter’s Basilica or the dome.
- Enjoying the Views from St. Peter’s Dome: One of the best natural experiences in Vatican City is the opportunity to climb to the top of St. Peter’s Dome. The panoramic views of both the Vatican and Rome are breathtaking.
- Visiting the Vatican Courtyards: The courtyards of the Vatican Museums are beautiful spaces where visitors can relax and take in the peaceful surroundings before continuing their exploration of the museums.
Urban Experiences
Though Vatican City itself is small, it is located in the heart of Rome, providing access to an array of urban experiences, from ancient ruins to vibrant neighborhoods.
- Exploring Via della Conciliazione: This grand street leads visitors from the Tiber River to St. Peter’s Square. It’s an excellent place to stroll, with views of St. Peter’s Basilica and various shops and cafes along the way.
- Shopping in the Vatican: Vatican City offers religious and art-themed gifts, including rosaries, religious books, and replicas of famous artworks. For more shopping, head into Rome to explore the city’s fashion boutiques.
- Exploring Castel Sant’Angelo: Just a short walk from Vatican City, Castel Sant’Angelo is a fortress and museum offering panoramic views of Rome. It has a fascinating history and is well worth visiting while in the area.
- Enjoying a Coffee at the Caffè Vaticano: The Caffè Vaticano, located near the Vatican Museums, offers a great place to relax with a coffee or pastry before or after exploring the Vatican Museums and St. Peter’s Square.
- Dining in Rome: Vatican City is surrounded by the culinary delights of Rome. From pizzerias and trattorias to upscale dining, visitors can enjoy traditional Italian food in the vibrant neighborhoods surrounding the Vatican.
Unique Experiences
Vatican City offers some truly unique experiences that make it stand out from other destinations. Whether it’s the rare opportunity to witness a papal blessing or explore the Vatican’s hidden treasures, these experiences will leave you with lasting memories.
- Witnessing a Papal Blessing: One of the most unique experiences in Vatican City is the opportunity to see the Pope during a weekly papal audience or Mass in St. Peter’s Square. Visitors can witness a blessing or hear the Pope’s address to the faithful.
- Attending the Easter Mass at St. Peter’s Basilica: If you’re visiting Vatican City during Easter, attending the Pope’s Mass on Easter Sunday is a memorable and spiritually significant experience.
- Taking a Guided Tour of the Vatican Necropolis: Beneath St. Peter’s Basilica lies the Vatican Necropolis, an ancient burial site. Guided tours are available, offering a fascinating look at the history of the area and the early Christian tombs.
- Exploring the Vatican Apostolic Library: The Vatican Apostolic Library is one of the oldest and most famous libraries in the world, home to a vast collection of manuscripts and rare books. Access is usually restricted, but special tours are available.
- Participating in a Vatican Museum Night Tour: For a different perspective, consider taking a night tour of the Vatican Museums. The quieter, less crowded atmosphere adds to the experience of exploring the artworks and treasures.
Weird and Wonderful
Vatican City offers some quirky and unusual experiences that make it a fascinating place to visit. From unique architectural details to strange traditions, these elements add to the mystique of Vatican City.
- Seeing the Vatican’s Obelisk: The Vatican Obelisk, located in St. Peter’s Square, is an ancient Egyptian obelisk that was brought to Rome by Emperor Caligula. It’s an unusual sight amidst the classical architecture of the square.
- Exploring the Vatican Museums’ Hall of Maps: The Hall of Maps is one of the most unusual parts of the Vatican Museums. It features detailed maps of Italy, painted on the walls in the 16th century, offering a unique historical perspective.
- Visiting the Vatican Museums’ Egyptian Collection: The Vatican Museums have one of the most comprehensive Egyptian collections in the world, featuring mummies, statues, and ancient artifacts that are both fascinating and eerie.
Vatican City, located in the heart of Rome, has a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot, dry summers. The best time to visit is generally during the spring and fall when the weather is pleasant for sightseeing and the crowds are more manageable.
High Season: April–October
Shoulder Season: March, November
Low Season: December–February
High Season: From April to October, Vatican City experiences its high season, with warm temperatures and a large number of tourists visiting attractions like St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican Museums, and the Sistine Chapel. The summer months (June–August) bring peak crowds, especially during July and August, when the Vatican hosts numerous religious ceremonies and celebrations. These months are also when pilgrims flock for events like Easter and the Feast of St. Peter and Paul in June. Expect higher prices and crowded attractions during this period, especially around key religious holidays.
Shoulder Season: March and November are transitional months, offering mild weather and fewer tourists. March marks the beginning of spring, and although temperatures are still cool, it’s an excellent time for sightseeing, with fewer crowds and lower prices. November, after the summer rush, brings cooler weather but fewer visitors, making it an ideal time for those who want to experience Vatican City’s sights more peacefully.
Low Season: From December to February, Vatican City experiences its low season with colder temperatures and fewer tourists. While it’s a quieter time to visit, it’s also when the city is less crowded, making it ideal for those seeking a more peaceful visit to the Vatican Museums or St. Peter’s Basilica. December brings Christmas celebrations, and January hosts the Feast of the Epiphany, but otherwise, the winter months are typically colder and less ideal for outdoor activities. Hotel prices are lower during these months, making it a good time for budget-conscious travelers.
Vatican City Month by Month
January: Cool, quiet, low season. 37-55°F (3-13°C). A good time for visiting museums with fewer crowds.
February: Cool, wet, winter continues. 38-58°F (3-14°C). St. Peter’s Basilica remains less crowded.
March: Mild, early spring. 42-62°F (6-17°C). Tourist numbers rise as Easter approaches.
April: Warm, peak spring. 47-68°F (8-20°C). Holy Week and Easter bring major religious ceremonies and crowds.
May: Warm, dry, very busy. 52-75°F (11-24°C). Ideal weather for Vatican Gardens and St. Peter’s Square.
June: Hot, long days, start of summer. 60-85°F (16-29°C). St. Peter’s Basilica is packed; early morning visits are best.
July: Very hot, peak season. 65-90°F (18-32°C). The Vatican Museums are extremely busy.
August: Hot, humid, fewer events. 65-90°F (18-32°C). Many Vatican officials are on holiday, but sites remain open.
September: Warm, slightly fewer crowds. 60-82°F (16-28°C). A great time for cultural visits before autumn rush.
October: Mild, good for sightseeing. 50-75°F (10-24°C). A quieter period before Christmas visitors arrive.
November: Cool, rainy, low season. 42-65°F (6-18°C). Fewer tourists, making it a peaceful time to visit.
December: Cool, festive, Christmas crowds. 38-58°F (3-14°C). Christmas Eve Mass in St. Peter’s Square is a major highlight.
Festivals & Events
Epiphany Mass: (January 6) – Celebrated by the Pope in St. Peter’s Basilica.
Easter Celebrations: (March/April, varies) – Includes Palm Sunday, Good Friday, and Easter Sunday Mass in St. Peter’s Square.
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul: (June 29) – A public holiday in Vatican City, marked by a Papal Mass.
World Day of the Poor: (November) – A Vatican-organized event focused on charity and social issues.
Christmas Eve Midnight Mass: (December 24) – A major event held in St. Peter’s Basilica and broadcast worldwide.
Urbi et Orbi Blessing: (December 25) – The Pope’s Christmas message, given from St. Peter’s Square.
New Year’s Eve Vespers & Te Deum: (December 31) – A year-end service at St. Peter’s Basilica.
Vatican City is a landlocked country surrounded entirely by Rome, Italy. As the smallest country in the world, it does not have an airport, seaport, or border crossing services of its own. However, it is easily accessible from Rome, making travel to the Vatican simple and convenient. The best way to reach Vatican City is by air to Rome’s Fiumicino Airport (FCO), or by using train, bus, or car to get from Rome to the Vatican. Once you are in Rome, the Vatican is just a short distance away.
For most travelers, flying into Rome is the most common option. From there, it’s easy to take public transportation, taxi, or even walk to the Vatican.
Entry Requirements for Vatican City
Vatican City is an independent city-state entirely surrounded by Rome, Italy. While it does not impose its own visa requirements, access is through Italy; therefore, travelers must comply with Italian and Schengen Area entry regulations. Citizens from Western countries, such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, can enter Italy visa-free for short stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Starting in late 2025, these travelers will need to obtain a European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) authorization before departure. oai_citation_attribution:0‡thetimes.co.uk
Accessing Vatican City: Once in Italy, visitors can freely enter Vatican City. No additional visa or special permission is required. However, certain areas within Vatican City, such as the Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel, may require tickets or reservations. oai_citation_attribution:1‡walksinsiderome.com
Dress Code: Visitors to Vatican City are expected to dress modestly, especially when entering religious sites like St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican Museums. Both men and women should cover their shoulders and knees. Sleeveless tops, shorts above the knee, miniskirts, and hats are not permitted. oai_citation_attribution:2‡museivaticani.va
Security Measures: Upon entering Vatican City attractions, visitors must pass through security checks, including metal detectors and bag inspections. Large bags, luggage, and certain items may be prohibited and should be left at the cloakroom. The cloakroom service is free of charge. oai_citation_attribution:3‡museivaticani.va
Photography Restrictions: While photography for personal use is allowed in most areas of Vatican City, it is prohibited in the Sistine Chapel. Flash photography is not permitted, and the use of tripods, stands, or professional equipment requires prior authorization. oai_citation_attribution:4‡museivaticani.va
Additional Tips: It’s advisable to arrive early to major attractions to avoid long lines. Consider booking tickets in advance, especially for the Vatican Museums. Be respectful of the religious nature of the sites by maintaining silence in sacred areas and adhering to posted guidelines.
By Air
Although Vatican City does not have an airport, the nearest international airport is Rome’s Fiumicino Airport (FCO), which is about 30 minutes away from the Vatican by car or public transportation.
- Fiumicino Airport (FCO) – Rome (Main international hub, handles flights from around the world)
Direct flights operate from North America, Europe, and Asia to Rome.
- New York (JFK) → Rome (FCO) (Alitalia, Delta Airlines)
- London (LHR) → Rome (FCO) (British Airways, EasyJet)
- Dubai (DXB) → Rome (FCO) (Emirates)
- Paris (CDG) → Rome (FCO) (Air France, Alitalia)
Once in Rome, travelers can use public transportation, taxis, or even walk to Vatican City.
By Train
There are no international train services directly into Vatican City. However, Rome’s Termini station is well connected to neighboring countries, and you can easily reach Vatican City from Rome’s central train station.
- Rome Termini → Vatican City (Train, 5-10 minutes)
Rome’s Termini station is a major hub for regional and international trains. From there, it is just a short ride to Vatican City by subway (Line A) or bus.
By Bus
Vatican City is easily accessible by bus from various parts of Rome. Public buses run frequently between Termini station, major landmarks, and the Vatican.
- Termini Station (Rome) → Vatican City (Bus, 10-15 minutes)
- Piazza Venezia → Vatican City (Bus, 10-15 minutes)
Bus services in Rome are operated by ATAC, and several routes directly serve Vatican City from Termini and other parts of the city.
By Car
Although Vatican City is located within Rome, it is possible to drive into the area from Rome’s city center. However, traffic restrictions around Vatican City mean that cars are not the best option for visitors. It is often more convenient to use public transportation or walk to Vatican City.
- From Rome city center → Vatican City (Car, 10-15 minutes)
There are limited parking options near Vatican City, and traffic can be challenging in this area, especially during busy tourist seasons.
By Foot
Vatican City is within walking distance from many popular sites in Rome. The Vatican is located in Rome’s city center, and walking is often the easiest way to reach it, particularly for those staying nearby.
- From Castel Sant’Angelo → Vatican City (Walk, 10 minutes)
- From Piazza del Popolo → Vatican City (Walk, 20-25 minutes)
If you’re staying in central Rome, walking to Vatican City is a pleasant and popular option.
To & From Rome
Since Vatican City is surrounded by Rome, traveling between Vatican City and Rome’s main attractions is easy by public transportation, walking, or taxi.
- Rome Termini → Vatican City (Train, 5-10 minutes)
- Rome Termini → Vatican City (Bus, 10-15 minutes)
- Rome city center → Vatican City (Walk, 15-30 minutes)
Public transportation is the most common and efficient method for traveling between the Vatican and central Rome. Walking is also a great way to see the city, especially on a pleasant day.
No roads, no cars, no railway network and certainly no airport: traveling to the Vatican is only possible under your own steam from neighboring Rome. Line A on the metro system is the best way to reach the Vatican by public transport from the Italian capital; otherwise it’s a taxi ride to the entrance. Rome has international connections to major destinations throughout the world, meaning that despite the Vatican’s lack of transportation infrastructure, the smallest nation in the world is actually very well connected.
Vatican City, being the smallest independent state in the world, is easy to navigate on foot. The entire country is essentially one large cultural site, with key attractions like St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican Museums, and the Sistine Chapel all within walking distance of each other. For visitors staying in Rome, public transport like buses and metro are the best options for getting to Vatican City. Taxis and ride-sharing services are also convenient for traveling from nearby neighborhoods, especially for those with mobility concerns.
Train
While Vatican City does not have a train system within its own borders, the Vatican Railway connects to the Italian railway network, and the nearby Roma San Pietro railway station serves as the main point for train arrivals. This is a convenient entry point for visitors arriving from other cities in Italy, including Rome.
- Rome to Vatican City (15 minutes): The Roma San Pietro train station is a short distance from the Vatican, making it easy to travel between the city and the Vatican.
Trains are ideal for those traveling from the Rome suburbs or further locations in Italy, though for sightseeing within Vatican City, walking is the best option.
Bus
Public buses are an excellent way to travel to Vatican City from Rome. The Vatican is well-served by public bus routes operated by ATAC, Rome’s main transportation company.
- Rome to Vatican City (15-20 minutes): Several bus lines, including routes 64, 40, and 81, run from Rome’s city center to St. Peter’s Square.
Buses are inexpensive and frequent, but they can be crowded, especially during peak tourist seasons. The tram system in Rome also connects several areas to the Vatican, though it’s less direct than buses.
Car Rental
Renting a car in Vatican City is not necessary due to its small size. However, if you’re traveling to or from Rome and prefer more flexibility, renting a car can be useful. Parking near the Vatican can be expensive and scarce, especially near St. Peter’s Square.
- For those visiting the Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel, driving may be inconvenient, and walking from nearby hotels or the Roma San Pietro station is more practical.
Cars are best for exploring outside of Vatican City or for travelers who wish to avoid crowded public transport in Rome.
Ride Share
Ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft are available in Rome, providing a convenient way to travel to Vatican City from various locations. These services are ideal for short trips or if you’re traveling with luggage or in groups.
- Uber operates in Rome, and ride-sharing apps are a great alternative to taxis for more transparent pricing.
For quick trips to Vatican City or other parts of Rome, ride-sharing services can be a comfortable and affordable option compared to traditional taxis.
Taxis
Taxis are available in Rome and can take you to Vatican City, though they are generally more expensive than public transport or ride-sharing services.
- Taxis in Rome can be easily hailed on the street or booked via phone, and a ride from Rome’s city center to Vatican City typically takes around 15 minutes.
Taxis are convenient but can be more costly for short distances. Ride-sharing services may offer a cheaper and more convenient alternative in Rome.
Walking
Due to Vatican City’s small size, walking is the most popular and practical way to get around. Most of the major attractions, like St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican Museums, and the Sistine Chapel, are located within walking distance of each other. The walk between St. Peter’s Square and the Vatican Museums is about 15 minutes on foot.
- Walking around Vatican City is the most convenient way to explore, allowing visitors to see the stunning architecture and beautiful gardens along the way.
Walking is the ideal and most efficient method of getting around within the Vatican.
Public Transport in Rome
While Vatican City doesn’t have its own public transport system, Rome’s metro, bus, and tram services provide easy access to Vatican City. The nearest metro station is Ottaviano – San Pietro, just a short walk from St. Peter’s Square.
- Metro Line A (red line) provides direct access to Vatican City via Ottaviano – San Pietro station.
- Several bus routes also service the area, with stops near St. Peter’s Square.
Public transport is an affordable and efficient way to reach Vatican City from various parts of Rome, especially if you’re not staying nearby.
The clergy and the Swiss Guards are the only people allowed to reside inside the Vatican City. So you will want to look to Rome for any accomodations.
News that this tiny corner of Rome is one of the most dangerous, violent nations in the world is, of course, completely unfounded, the chances of running into any trouble at the Vatican are practically non-existent. The complete lack of cars means that the probability of accidents is again significantly reduced, which makes a welcome change to the chaos on the roads in nearby Rome. Serious medical emergencies should be dealt with in the Italian capital in the absence of any medical facilities in the Vatican itself.
Vatican City, while small in size, is immense in its cultural, religious, and historical significance. As the world’s only independent city-state with no territory beyond its walls, Vatican City operates as a theocratic monarchy under the leadership of the Pope. The country has a unique status, combining religious and political authority. The Vatican is also home to many priceless works of art and architecture, including masterpieces from Renaissance artists and significant historical artifacts.
A visit to Vatican City is a journey through history, art, and faith, offering a rare glimpse into the heart of Christianity and the Catholic Church.
Food
While Vatican City doesn’t have its own distinct cuisine, the food in the Vatican is heavily influenced by Italian culinary traditions, particularly those of Rome. Given its small size, meals in Vatican City are often enjoyed in the cafes, restaurants, and Vatican museums, serving Italian staples and classic Mediterranean dishes.
- Cacio e Pepe: A traditional Roman pasta dish made with spaghetti, Pecorino Romano cheese, and black pepper.
- Pizza Margherita: A classic pizza from Naples, topped with tomato, mozzarella cheese, basil, and olive oil.
- Supplì: Fried rice balls stuffed with tomato sauce and mozzarella, a popular Roman snack.
- Frittata: A simple, Italian-style omelet made with vegetables, cheese, and sometimes meat, commonly served as part of a light meal or snack.
- Tiramisu: A popular Italian dessert made with ladyfingers, coffee, mascarpone cheese, and cocoa.
- Gelato: Italy’s famous ice cream, often served in a variety of flavors such as chocolate, pistachio, and strawberry.
Language
The official language of Vatican City is Italian, which is used in official documents and communications. However, Latin, the traditional language of the Catholic Church, is also widely used, especially in liturgies, legal matters, and documents from the Holy See. The Pope and clergy also use other languages, such as English, French, and Spanish, to communicate with visitors from around the world.
Useful Phrases
- Hello: Ciao (Italian)
- Thank you: Grazie (Italian)
- Yes / No: Sì / No (Italian)
- How much is this?: Quanto costa? (Italian)
- Where is the bathroom?: Dov’è il bagno? (Italian)
- Help!: Aiuto! (Italian)
- I don’t understand: Non capisco (Italian)
History
Vatican City has a profound historical and religious significance, dating back to its origins in Christianity. The history of the Vatican begins with the Emperor Constantine, who in the 4th century, built St. Peter’s Basilica over the tomb of Saint Peter, one of Jesus’ apostles and the first pope. For centuries, the Vatican served as the spiritual center for Christianity and the seat of papal authority.
In the 8th century, the Papal States were established, and the Pope ruled over a large territory in central Italy for over 1,000 years. However, in the 19th century, the Papal States were absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy. This led to the signing of the Lateran Treaty in 1929, which established Vatican City as an independent city-state under the sovereignty of the Pope.
Today, Vatican City remains the spiritual heart of the Catholic Church and a hub of religious diplomacy and art. It is home to the Vatican Museums, the Sistine Chapel, and St. Peter’s Square, all important landmarks for both pilgrims and visitors alike.
Important Dates in Vatican History
- 4th Century AD: Constantine the Great builds St. Peter’s Basilica over the tomb of Saint Peter.
- 8th Century AD: The Papal States are established, making the Pope both a spiritual and political ruler in central Italy.
- 1870: The Papal States are absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy, leaving the Pope with no territorial holdings.
- 1929: The Lateran Treaty is signed between the Holy See and Italy, establishing Vatican City as an independent sovereign state.
- 1962-1965: The Second Vatican Council reforms the Church, modernizing many aspects of Catholic doctrine and practice.
- 2013-Present: Pope Francis becomes the first Jesuit Pope and continues to lead the Catholic Church with a focus on social justice, interfaith dialogue, and environmental issues.
Embassies and Consulates
Vatican City, as the sovereign territory of the Holy See, does not host foreign embassies within its borders due to space constraints. Instead, embassies to the Holy See are located in Rome, Italy. For consular services, travelers should contact their respective country’s embassy or consulate in Rome.
Note: For a comprehensive list of diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See, visit the List of Diplomatic Missions to the Holy See.
Government Safety Advisories
- U.S. Department of State - Italy Travel Advisory
- Government of Canada - Travel Advice and Advisories for Italy
- UK Foreign Travel Advice - Italy
- Australia Smartraveller - Italy
- New Zealand SafeTravel - Italy
Blogs and Forums
- Reddit: r/VaticanCity – A community for discussions about Vatican City, including travel experiences, cultural insights, and current events.
- TripAdvisor: Vatican City Travel Forum – A forum where travelers share their experiences, ask questions, and provide advice about visiting Vatican City.
- Rick Steves Travel Forum: Vatican City – A platform for travelers to discuss itineraries, attractions, accommodations, and travel tips specific to Vatican City.
YouTube Channels & Videos
- Vatican News – The official YouTube channel providing news and insights into the activities of the Pope and the Vatican.
- Walks in Europe - Vatican City Tour – A guided tour showcasing the highlights of Vatican City, including St. Peter’s Basilica and the Vatican Museums.
Instagram Feeds
- @vaticannews – The official Instagram account sharing updates, photos, and stories from the Vatican.
- @st_petersbasilica – Features stunning photos of St. Peter’s Basilica and its surroundings.
Newspapers
- L’Osservatore Romano – The official Vatican newspaper providing news related to the Holy See and the global Catholic community.
- Vatican News – Offers news and updates on Vatican activities, the Pope’s messages, and events within the Catholic Church.
Other Useful Websites
- Vatican City State – The official website providing information on Vatican City’s history, governance, and services.
- Vatican Museums – Offers details on visiting the Vatican Museums, including ticket bookings, opening hours, and exhibit information.
- St. Peter’s Basilica – Information on visiting St. Peter’s Basilica, including mass times, tours, and historical background.
Travel Guides
- Lonely Planet - Vatican City
- Frommer’s - Vatican City
- Fodor’s - Vatican City
- Wikivoyage - Vatican City
Note: When planning a visit to Vatican City, it’s essential to be aware of local guidelines, dress codes, and security measures, especially during significant events or religious ceremonies. Always check the official Vatican websites or consult with your country’s embassy in Rome for the most up-to-date information.