South America

South America is a continent of extremes and contrasts—from the Amazon rainforest to the Andes mountains, the glaciers of Patagonia to the beaches of Brazil. Most visitors come for its natural wonders, rich cultures, and adventure opportunities. Machu Picchu in Peru, the Uyuni Salt Flats in Bolivia, and Iguazú Falls on the Argentina-Brazil border are just a few of its legendary sights. Cities like Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, and Bogotá offer a mix of colonial charm, modern energy, and some of the best food and nightlife on the planet.

Travel costs vary widely across the continent. Bolivia, Paraguay, and Ecuador are some of the cheapest countries, while Brazil, Chile, and Argentina can get expensive, especially in big cities or remote areas. Peru and Colombia strike a good balance, offering great value for food, transport, and lodging. Street food and market meals are excellent and affordable—from Peruvian ceviche to Argentine empanadas. Western food is available in major cities, but local cuisine is almost always the better (and cheaper) option.

Getting around can be a challenge due to the continent’s vast size. Long-distance buses are the most common transport, and while they’re comfortable in countries like Argentina and Chile, routes can be slow and rough elsewhere. Domestic flights are often the best way to save time, but they can be pricey. Safety varies—some countries are very safe, while others require extra caution, especially in big cities. Petty crime like pickpocketing is common in tourist areas, so keeping an eye on valuables is essential. Spanish is the dominant language, but Portuguese is spoken in Brazil, and English is not widely spoken outside of tourist hubs.

One of the continent’s most striking features is the world’s largest area of tropical rainforest which traverses nearly ten South American countries, including Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and French Guiana. Treks and trips into this wild jungle offer an escape from the comforts of the developed world unlike any other. With flora and fauna abounding and stunning scenery a common fixture, this may just be the life changing experience you need.

But natural offerings on the continent don’t end with the Amazon. The sprawling Andes mountain range is a sight to behold, with endless activities to partake in whether high atop the soaring peaks or deep into cascading valleys. From snow capped active volcanoes and ancient Inca settlements to expansive national parks, tours of the Andes will leave one feeling invigorated and revived.

Stunning tropical beaches provide picture perfect settings for the most relaxing of retreats in South America. Among the most picturesque places offering the best beaches with a bonus of amazing wildlife, the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador are hugely popular with travelers coming from around the world.

Arduous yet rewarding hiking trips to the summit of Mount Aconcagua in Argentina will make for an exhilarating trip, with stunning views rewarding every glance. There are few places on earth that provide the scenic beauty of the ‘Lost City of the Incas’, Machu Picchu, while also showcasing the rich and ancient traditions of the indigenous Inca peoples. Built in the stunning classical Inca style and dating back to the 1400s, this is a manmade wonder not to be missed.

South American climates vary from tropical to temperate, with much of the continent offering fine and sun kissed climes. The Atacama Desert is considered one of the world’s driest places but most other parts of South America are blessed with ample rainfall to make visitors enjoy the sunshine all the more.

Why Go to South America?

• Machu Picchu & The Inca Trail (Peru): One of the world’s most famous ancient cities, set high in the Andes.

• Patagonia’s Wild Beauty (Argentina & Chile): Jagged peaks, glaciers, and some of the best hiking on Earth.

• Amazon Rainforest (Brazil, Peru, Ecuador): A chance to explore the world’s largest rainforest, full of exotic wildlife.

• Iguazú Falls (Argentina & Brazil): A massive, thundering waterfall system that dwarfs Niagara.

• Rio de Janeiro’s Energy (Brazil): Beaches, samba, and one of the most famous skylines in the world.

• Colombia’s Colonial Cities: Cartagena and Medellín mix history, culture, and modern transformation.

• Bolivia’s Surreal Landscapes: The Salar de Uyuni salt flats and the Andes’ rugged altiplano feel like another planet.

• The Best Steak & Wine (Argentina): World-class beef and Malbec wine in the land of asado.

South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Southern Ocean to the south. It is connected to North America via the Isthmus of Panama. South America consists of 12 sovereign countries and several territories, with Brazil being the largest by both area and population. The continent is known for its diverse landscapes, rich cultures, and historical civilizations, including the Incas, Guaraní, and Mapuche.

South America features some of the world’s most dramatic landscapes, from the Amazon Rainforest, the largest tropical rainforest on Earth, to the Andes Mountains, the longest continental mountain range. The Patagonia region in the south consists of glaciers and rugged terrain, while the Atacama Desert in the north is one of the driest places in the world. The Amazon River, the second-longest river on the planet, flows through multiple countries. The continent is also home to vast grasslands, high-altitude plateaus, and tropical beaches.

Tourism in South America includes archaeological ruins, natural wonders, adventure travel, wildlife safaris, and vibrant urban experiences. The climate varies from tropical in the Amazon Basin to cold and dry in the Andes and Patagonia.

Most international visitors arrive through major airports in São Paulo (Brazil), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Bogotá (Colombia), Lima (Peru), Santiago (Chile), and Quito (Ecuador). Overland entry is possible between most neighboring countries, and cruises visit coastal destinations.

Argentina

Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world and one of the most geographically diverse in South America. From the Iguazu Falls in the subtropical north to the glaciers of Patagonia in the south, Argentina offers breathtaking natural beauty. The Andes Mountains run along its western border, while the Pampas plains dominate the central region, known for cattle ranching and producing some of the world’s best beef. Argentina is also famous for its wine regions, particularly in Mendoza, and for its vibrant cultural scene, including tango music and dance. The country has a strong European influence, especially from Spain and Italy, reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and traditions.

• Buenos Aires – The capital, known for tango, nightlife, and historic architecture.
• Mendoza – The heart of Argentina’s wine region.
• Bariloche – A lake district town with Swiss-style architecture and skiing.
• Ushuaia – The southernmost city in the world, gateway to Antarctica.

Bolivia

Bolivia is a landlocked country known for its Andean highlands, Amazonian jungles, and indigenous cultures. It has some of the highest cities in the world, including La Paz, which sits at over 3,600 meters above sea level. Bolivia is home to Salar de Uyuni, the world’s largest salt flat, and Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world. The country has a rich indigenous heritage, with a large percentage of the population belonging to Quechua and Aymara ethnic groups. Bolivia’s diverse geography includes the Altiplano, the Yungas cloud forests, and the Amazon basin, offering everything from high-altitude trekking to wildlife expeditions.

• La Paz – The world’s highest capital city, surrounded by mountains.
• Salar de Uyuni – The largest salt flat on Earth, a surreal natural wonder.
• Lake Titicaca – The world’s highest navigable lake, shared with Peru.
• Sucre – A colonial city and Bolivia’s constitutional capital.

Brazil

Brazil is the largest country in South America, covering nearly half of the continent. It is known for its vibrant cities, stunning natural landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. The country is home to the Amazon Rainforest, which contains the world’s largest and most diverse ecosystem. Brazil is also famous for its Carnival celebrations, samba music, and Rio de Janeiro’s Christ the Redeemer statue. The country’s coastline stretches for over 7,400 kilometers, featuring world-famous beaches like Copacabana and Ipanema. Brazil has a diverse population with a mix of Portuguese, African, and indigenous influences, making it one of the most culturally dynamic countries in the world.

• Rio de Janeiro – Home to Christ the Redeemer, Copacabana Beach, and Sugarloaf Mountain.
• São Paulo – A massive metropolis with a thriving cultural and food scene.
• Manaus – The gateway to the Amazon Rainforest.
• Iguaçu Falls – One of the most powerful waterfalls in the world.

Chile

Chile is one of the most unique countries in the world due to its extreme length, stretching over 4,300 kilometers from north to south while remaining only about 177 kilometers wide. This gives Chile an incredible variety of climates and landscapes. The Atacama Desert in the north is the driest desert on Earth, while Patagonia in the south is home to glaciers, fjords, and towering peaks. The country is also known for its wine regions, particularly the Casablanca and Maipo Valleys, and for its strong indigenous Mapuche culture. Chile’s capital, Santiago, is a modern metropolis with easy access to both the Andes Mountains and the Pacific coast.

• Santiago – The capital, with a mix of modern and colonial architecture.
• Atacama Desert – One of the driest places on Earth, with Mars-like landscapes.
• Patagonia – A remote wilderness of glaciers and mountains.
• Easter Island – A Polynesian island famous for its moai statues.

Colombia

Colombia is a country of contrasts, featuring Caribbean beaches, Andean highlands, Amazon rainforest, and bustling urban centers. It is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and has a growing reputation for eco-tourism. The country’s history includes pre-Columbian civilizations, Spanish colonization, and the legacy of the coffee trade. Colombia’s cities blend colonial history with modern energy, particularly in Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena. The country is also known for its music and dance traditions, including cumbia, vallenato, and salsa.

• Bogotá – The capital, home to colonial history and the Gold Museum.
• Cartagena – A walled Caribbean city with colorful streets.
• Medellín – A city of innovation, cable cars, and mountain views.
• Tayrona National Park – A coastal park with beaches and indigenous history.

Ecuador

Ecuador is one of South America’s most geographically diverse countries, despite its small size. It is home to the Andes Mountains, the Amazon Rainforest, the Pacific Coast, and the Galápagos Islands. The country straddles the equator, and visitors can explore the Mitad del Mundo (Middle of the World) monument just outside Quito. Ecuador has a strong indigenous heritage, particularly in the highlands, where traditional markets and Andean culture thrive. The Galápagos Islands, located about 1,000 km off the coast, are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world’s top destinations for wildlife tourism.

• Quito – A UNESCO-listed capital with a historic colonial center.
• Galápagos Islands – A world-famous wildlife destination with unique species.
• Baños – An adventure hub with hot springs and waterfalls.
• Cuenca – A charming colonial city in the Andean highlands.

Guyana

Guyana is a small, English-speaking country in northern South America, heavily influenced by Caribbean culture. It is one of the least explored countries in South America, offering vast rainforests, remote rivers, and rich biodiversity. The country’s interior is dominated by tropical rainforest and savannas, making it a prime destination for eco-tourism. Kaieteur Falls, one of the world’s most powerful waterfalls, is a highlight for visitors. Guyana’s cultural heritage blends African, Indian, Amerindian, and European influences, reflected in its cuisine and festivals.

• Georgetown – The capital, with colonial wooden architecture and vibrant markets.
• Kaieteur Falls – One of the tallest single-drop waterfalls in the world.
• Lethem – A gateway to the Rupununi savanna and Brazilian border.

Paraguay

Paraguay is a landlocked country that remains one of South America’s least-visited destinations, making it an excellent place for off-the-beaten-path exploration. The country has a mix of Jesuit ruins, Chaco wilderness, and indigenous Guaraní heritage. The Paraná River and Itaipú Dam, one of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams, are important landmarks. Paraguay’s Gran Chaco region is a remote expanse of dry forests, home to wildlife and Mennonite settlements. Despite being less developed for tourism, Paraguay offers rich traditions, vibrant cities, and friendly locals.

• Asunción – The capital, with colonial landmarks, plazas, and a relaxed atmosphere.
• Encarnación – A riverfront city known for its Jesuit mission ruins.
• Filadelfia – A Mennonite settlement in the Gran Chaco.

Peru

Peru is one of South America’s most visited countries, known for its Inca heritage, world-class cuisine, and diverse landscapes. The country’s most famous attraction is Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca citadel hidden in the Andes. The capital, Lima, is a coastal metropolis with colonial architecture and renowned gastronomy. The country also features Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, and the Amazon Rainforest, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Peru has a mix of indigenous, Spanish, and Afro-Peruvian influences, which can be seen in its festivals, textiles, and music.

• Lima – The capital, known for its cuisine, history, and coastal setting.
• Cusco – The former Inca capital and gateway to Machu Picchu.
• Machu Picchu – The world-famous Inca citadel.
• Lake Titicaca – A high-altitude lake with floating islands.

Suriname

Suriname is one of the most culturally diverse countries in South America, blending Dutch, Creole, Javanese, Indian, and indigenous influences. A former Dutch colony, it remains the only country in South America where Dutch is the official language. Much of the country is covered in rainforest, with major rivers serving as the primary transport routes. Suriname’s coastal cities feature colonial architecture, while its interior is home to indigenous and Maroon communities, descendants of escaped African slaves. The country is an excellent destination for eco-tourism, with protected nature reserves and unique wildlife.

• Paramaribo – The capital, with a UNESCO-listed historic center.
• Brownsberg Nature Park – A rainforest reserve with waterfalls and hiking trails.
• Nieuw Nickerie – A coastal town near the Guyanese border.

Uruguay

Uruguay is a small but progressive country known for its laid-back lifestyle, beach towns, and strong European influence. It is one of South America’s safest and most stable countries, with high living standards and a strong tradition of democracy. Montevideo, the capital, is a blend of modern development and colonial history. Along the coast, Punta del Este is a luxury beach resort, while Colonia del Sacramento offers well-preserved colonial architecture. Uruguay is also famous for its beef, wine, and mate culture, similar to Argentina.

• Montevideo – The capital, with a mix of modern and colonial districts.
• Punta del Este – A luxury beach resort town.
• Colonia del Sacramento – A historic town with cobbled streets and colonial charm.

Venezuela

Venezuela is home to some of South America’s most breathtaking natural landscapes, including Angel Falls, the world’s highest waterfall, and the Los Roques archipelago, with pristine Caribbean beaches. The country also has vast Andean highlands, Amazon rainforests, and the Gran Sabana region, known for its tabletop mountains (tepuis). However, Venezuela is currently facing political and economic instability, which has impacted tourism. Despite this, it remains a country of great natural beauty and cultural richness.

• Caracas – The capital, with museums, markets, and mountain views.
• Angel Falls – The highest waterfall on Earth, in Canaima National Park.
• Los Roques – A stunning Caribbean archipelago with clear waters and coral reefs.

Dependent Territories

• Falkland Islands: (UK) - Known for its wildlife, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, as well as its remote and rugged landscapes.

• French Guiana: (France) - Offers a unique mix of tropical rainforests, cultural heritage, and the iconic Guiana Space Centre.

• South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: (UK) - A remote destination for adventurers, featuring glaciers, stunning wildlife, and a rich history of Antarctic exploration.

South America has an overwhelming array of awe-inspiring natural and manmade attractions; with something to suit all tastes, visitors can choose from the ecological wonders of the Amazonian rainforests, the enigmatic ancient ruins of the Mayan and Inca, a myriad of paradise islands and beaches or the magical snow topped peaks of the Andean mountain range.

Highlights

• Galapagos Islands: The 19 islands in the Galapagos chain are truly a showcase of evolution in the animal kingdom. Few places on earth contain creatures that do not automatically run in fear from humans, offering a special experience for those with a fondness for animals. It’s an exclusive, restrictive environment but undeniably unique in the world.
• Amazon Rainforest: The Amazon rainforest is regarded as the ‘lungs’ of the planet, such is the scale and importance of its lush jungle. The six million hectares of this essential conservation area is one of the most biodiverse regions on earth, containing myriad species of flora and fauna that haven’t even been discovered yet.
• Machu Picchu: One of the most majestic and awe-inspiring human settlements on earth is this Inca city clinging to the sides of the Andes mountains. Resting at 2,430m the engineering skills and stonework of these people are unfathomable, rivaled only by the surreal backdrop of the scenery.
• Rapa Nui (Easter Island): As exotic time-forgotten destinations go, few can match the mystery embodied by the massive stone figures sunk into the earth on Easter Island. There’s nothing else quite like these Polynesian monoliths, which lure thousands of visitors each year to ponder the meaning and marvel of the stone heads.
• Torres del Paine National Park: The southern reaches of Chile look like something straight out of a fairytale. Glaciers, snowy peaks, granite towers, impossibly blue alpine lakes and not a trace of human settlement make this national park a sacred place revered by nature lovers worldwide.
• Cartagena: Few towns in Latin America embody the essence of Spanish colonialism like Cartagena. Perched on the edge of the Caribbean, the 16th-century fortress, walled city and plazas are incredibly charming. Superb white beaches and a shockingly well-endowed array of eating, drinking, shopping and sleeping options provide all the support needed for a long leisurely stay.
• Ipanema Beach: This extremely popular, fun and scenic beach on the edge of Rio’s concrete sprawl epitomizes the tropical beach experience. Check out the skimpily-clad locals tanning, playing and socializing as only Brazilians can do. Ipanema is a kaleidoscope of people, vendors and scenery which provides endless hours of entertainment.
• Cusco: This sprawling city high in the Andes was the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th to 17th centuries until the arrival of the Spanish. As the Spanish built their churches and buildings on the exquisite stone foundations laid by the Inca, a unique fusion of both cultures came into existence. The cobbled streets of Cusco are one of the most interesting and colorful sites in South America.
• Lake Titicaca: The world’s highest navigable lake is the source of many legends. The forefathers of the Inca were born from its waters, and went on to build the impressive city of Tiahuanaco. The engineering of its ruins boggles the mind, proving what a powerful culture the Inca once were.
• Nasca Line: One of the most mysterious places in South America is this vast barren plain in Nasca covered in gigantic geometric images. Some of them are several miles long, begging the question of how a human without aerial assistance could have created such detailed and proportionate images in the year 500 BC.

Top Cities

• Buenos Aires: (Argentina) Known for its European-style architecture, tango music, and vibrant cultural scene.
• Rio de Janeiro: (Brazil) Famous for its stunning beaches, Christ the Redeemer statue, and lively Carnival festival.
• São Paulo: (Brazil) A sprawling metropolis known for its diverse culture, arts scene, and culinary delights.
• Lima: (Peru) The coastal capital city known for its historic colonial center and world-renowned cuisine.
• Santiago: (Chile) Set against the Andes, it offers a mix of modern and historic attractions, including museums and parks.
• Bogotá: (Colombia) Colombia’s capital known for its rich history, cultural landmarks, and lively arts scene.
• Quito: (Ecuador) A high-altitude city with a well-preserved colonial center and stunning Andean views.
• Caracas: (Venezuela) Known for its diverse culture, beautiful parks, and nightlife.
• Montevideo: (Uruguay) Uruguay’s capital, known for its historic old town, beaches, and cultural festivals.
• Asunción: (Paraguay) A city rich in history, with colonial architecture and local markets.
• La Paz: (Bolivia) The world’s highest capital city, known for its dramatic setting and indigenous culture.
• Cusco: (Peru) The historic capital of the Inca Empire, gateway to Machu Picchu, and known for its archaeological sites.

Islands & Beaches

• Galápagos Islands: (Ecuador) Known for unique wildlife and stunning volcanic landscapes, made famous by Charles Darwin.
• Fernando de Noronha: (Brazil) A pristine archipelago with clear waters, diverse marine life, and beautiful beaches.
• Easter Island (Rapa Nui): (Chile) Famous for its mysterious Moai statues and remote, rugged beauty.
• Isla Margarita: (Venezuela) A Caribbean island known for its beautiful beaches, nightlife, and duty-free shopping.
• Búzios: (Brazil) A charming peninsula with over 20 beaches, popular for water sports and upscale resorts.
• Copacabana Beach: (Brazil) One of Rio de Janeiro’s most iconic beaches, famous for its white sand and lively atmosphere.
• Praia do Forte: (Brazil) A tranquil beach with crystal-clear waters and a sea turtle conservation project.
• Baía do Sancho: (Brazil) Often ranked as one of the world’s best beaches, located in Fernando de Noronha.
• Playa Blanca: (Colombia) A stunning beach on Isla Barú, known for its white sand and turquoise waters.
• Máncora Beach: (Peru) A popular surf destination with year-round sunshine and lively beach scene.
• Ilha Grande: (Brazil) Offers beautiful beaches, lush rainforest, and excellent hiking and snorkeling opportunities.
• Punta del Este: (Uruguay) A glamorous beach resort known for its nightlife, luxury hotels, and beautiful coastline.
• Tayrona Beaches: (Colombia) Located in Tayrona National Park, featuring picturesque beaches backed by tropical forests.
• Playa Roja: (Peru) Known for its striking red sand and dramatic coastal scenery in Paracas National Reserve.

National Parks

• Iguazu National Park: (Argentina/Brazil) Home to the stunning Iguazu Falls, one of the largest waterfall systems in the world.
• Torres del Paine National Park: (Chile) Known for its dramatic mountains, glaciers, and pristine lakes.
• Los Glaciares National Park: (Argentina) Famous for the massive Perito Moreno Glacier and breathtaking Andean landscapes.
• Manu National Park: (Peru) A biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon rainforest, with incredible wildlife and plant species.
• Tayrona National Park: (Colombia) Offers beautiful beaches, tropical forests, and archaeological ruins along the Caribbean coast.
• Galápagos National Park: (Ecuador) Renowned for its unique wildlife and marine ecosystems, made famous by Charles Darwin.
• Pantanal Matogrossense National Park: (Brazil) The world’s largest tropical wetland, known for its rich wildlife, including jaguars and capybaras.
• Rapa Nui National Park: (Chile) Protects the archaeological treasures of Easter Island, including the iconic Moai statues.
• Madidi National Park: (Bolivia) A diverse park in the Amazon basin, home to a wide array of flora and fauna.
• Huascarán National Park: (Peru) Known for its high-altitude landscapes, glacial lakes, and the towering Huascarán mountain.
• Chapada Diamantina National Park: (Brazil) Features stunning plateaus, waterfalls, and caves in the heart of Bahia.
• Canaima National Park: (Venezuela) Famous for Angel Falls, the world’s highest waterfall, and the unique tepui formations.

World Heritage

• Machu Picchu: (Peru) The iconic Incan citadel set high in the Andes, renowned for its archaeological significance and stunning views.
• Iguazu National Park: (Argentina/Brazil) Home to the breathtaking Iguazu Falls, one of the largest and most impressive waterfall systems in the world.
• Galápagos Islands: (Ecuador) Famous for its unique and diverse wildlife, inspiring Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
• Rapa Nui National Park: (Chile) Protects the mysterious Moai statues and cultural heritage of Easter Island.
• Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia: (Brazil) Known for its colonial architecture, vibrant culture, and African influences.
• Qhapaq Ñan: (Argentina/Bolivia/Chile/Colombia/Ecuador/Peru) The Andean road system of the Inca Empire, showcasing engineering marvels and cultural landscapes.
• Rio de Janeiro: (Brazil) Recognized for its outstanding natural and cultural landscape, including iconic landmarks like Sugarloaf Mountain and Christ the Redeemer.
• City of Cuzco: (Peru) The historic capital of the Inca Empire, with well-preserved archaeological sites and Spanish colonial architecture.
• Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso: (Chile) Noted for its unique urban design, colorful houses, and rich maritime history.
• Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: (Argentina/Brazil) A group of missions established by the Jesuits in the 17th and 18th centuries, showcasing the blending of European and indigenous cultures.
• Los Glaciares National Park: (Argentina) Famous for the imposing Perito Moreno Glacier and the stunning Patagonian landscape.
• Amazon Rainforest: (Brazil/Peru) Part of the largest tropical rainforest in the world, crucial for its biodiversity and environmental importance.
• Tiwanaku: (Bolivia) An archaeological site of an ancient pre-Columbian civilization, known for its impressive architectural and cultural achievements.
• Historic Centre of Lima: (Peru) A well-preserved example of Spanish colonial urban planning and architecture.
• Pantanal Conservation Area: (Brazil) The world’s largest tropical wetland, home to an array of wildlife and plant species.

The climate of South America is as varied as they come. The Amazon Basin is a soggy steamy land of heat and rain, while the Atacama desert of northern Chile is as dry as anything on earth. As you gain elevation in the Andes, conditions become colder and snowy. Where you plan to visit should greatly influence the month you travel.

Most South American countries contain both lowland tropical and highland alpine environments. With the Andes forming a long spine running the length of the continent, conditions begin to change as you head into the mountains. Warm wet conditions are the norm in the lowlands and around the equator. Just remember that the seasons in South America are exact opposites of those in the northern hemisphere.

Southern South America Argentina as a whole experiences cool dry weather, except for a small tropical region in the far north. December to March is the hot season, with temperatures often reaching 30°C. Winter, from July to October, can be quite chilly (particularly in the extreme south). The best time for a visit is between June and October.

Chile’s long thin geography gives it every climate possible except tropical. The northern desert regions are so dry that some places have never seen rain. The Central Valley, including Santiago, has a pleasant Mediterranean climate where rain falls only in the chilly winter months. Coastal areas stay mild and dry, but the far south near Antarctica is a mixed bag of unpredictable weather and extreme winds.

Equatorial South America Brazil dominates the eastern equatorial region of South America. This huge country is hot, rainy and humid thanks to the Amazon Basin. The best time for a visit is during the mild winter season between June and August. Southern Brazil gets heavy rain during the winter months, so come prepared with a good rainjacket.

Peru’s weather is either wet or dry. Its high period for travel falls in line with the dry season of May to October. This is the time for hiking in the mountains, as well as visiting the Amazon Basin. November through April is the rainy season when much of the highlands are cloudy and muddy. Coastal Peru is typically mild and dry all year, while the tropical eastern lowlands are hot and humid.

Elevation determines the weather in Ecuador, which is either wet or dry. The mountains get their dry season between June and September, while the lower valleys are dry from September to December. Ecuador’s lowlands enjoy springlike temperatures year-round, averaging 24°C. Heavy rains in July and August definitely put a damper on travel.

Northern South America Colombia and Venezuela are quite tropical and experience the same wet-dry dichotomy as the rest of South America. The rainy season comes in the winter between June and October, while summers are typically dry from November through May. Coastal areas receive the most rain, and the mountainous regions tend to be cooler and drier.

South America encompasses every natural environment imaginable. The world’s largest tropical rainforest covers much of Brazil, while the high alpine realm of the Andes runs like a spine down the continent. Scattered between are the planet’s driest deserts, wide-open Argentine plains and the stunning glacial landscape of Chile’s Patagonia region.

This incredible geological diversity translates into an imposing wealth of outdoor adventure. Superb skiing, trekking and mountain climbing exists in the Andes and its surrounding environs, while the vast coastline presents ample activities for water enthusiasts. All the snow and rain in South America creates countless rivers and lakes for rafting, kayaking or just boating around. Best of all, there is colorful culture and unique wildlife intertwined everywhere you go.

Cultural Experiences

• Carnival in Rio de Janeiro: (Brazil) Experience the world-famous festival with its parades, samba music, and vibrant costumes.
• Inti Raymi Festival: (Peru) Celebrate the Inca Festival of the Sun in Cusco with traditional ceremonies and performances.
• Wineries in Mendoza: (Argentina) Tour renowned vineyards and enjoy wine tasting in one of the world’s top wine regions.
• Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape: (Colombia) Explore coffee farms and learn about the coffee-making process in this UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Tango in Buenos Aires: (Argentina) Enjoy the passionate dance performances in tango clubs and at the iconic Caminito street.

Natural Experiences

• Amazon Rainforest: (Brazil/Peru) Embark on a jungle expedition to witness the unparalleled biodiversity of the Amazon Basin.
• Uyuni Salt Flats: (Bolivia) Visit the world’s largest salt flat for its surreal landscapes and reflective surfaces.
• Patagonia: (Argentina/Chile) Explore the dramatic mountains, glaciers, and wilderness of this remote region.
• Angel Falls: (Venezuela) See the world’s highest waterfall, plunging over 3,200 feet in Canaima National Park.
• Galápagos Islands: (Ecuador) Discover unique wildlife and volcanic landscapes that inspired Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Urban Experiences

• Historic Centre of Quito: (Ecuador) Wander through the well-preserved colonial architecture and vibrant plazas of Quito’s old town.
• Medellín’s Transformation: (Colombia) Witness the remarkable urban renewal projects and vibrant culture in this revitalized city.
• Buenos Aires Nightlife: (Argentina) Enjoy the diverse nightlife scene with trendy bars, tango clubs, and live music venues.
• Santiago’s Cultural Scene: (Chile) Explore museums, galleries, and theaters in the cosmopolitan capital.
• Lima’s Culinary Scene: (Peru) Savor world-renowned Peruvian cuisine in the gastronomic capital of South America.

Unique Experiences

• Exploring Easter Island: (Chile) Discover the mysterious Moai statues and the remote beauty of Rapa Nui.
• Hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu: (Peru) Trek the historic trail through the Andes to the iconic Incan ruins.
• Boat Tour in the Pantanal: (Brazil) Navigate the world’s largest tropical wetland to see diverse wildlife, including jaguars and capybaras.
• Stargazing in the Atacama Desert: (Chile) Experience some of the clearest night skies on Earth in this high-altitude desert.
• Sailing through the Beagle Channel: (Argentina) Cruise the scenic waterway near Ushuaia, the southernmost city in the world.

Most international flights to South America originate in the US cities of Miami, New York and Houston. If you can’t find a direct flight from your country it’s easy to book one to America first, then make a connection to the South American country of your choice. Buenos Aires (Argentina), Santiago (Chile), Lima (Peru), and São Paulo (Brazil) are the main international gateways. These major Latin air hubs are useful for making connecting flights to more remote destinations in the region.

The cheapest times to fly to South America are during the spring and fall shoulder seasons. November to March is a busy period since it’s the prime summer high season in South America, while the winter months from May to August coincide with the summer holiday period in the northern hemisphere.

From the US: New York’s JFK International Airport and Miami International Airport are the main US points of departure with daily flights to nearly every capital in South America. Houston, Atlanta and Los Angeles also have less frequent service to major South American destinations.

From Canada: Toronto’s Pearson International Airport, Ontario’s London International Airport and Vancouver International Airport handle the most direct flights to South America. Canada is the second-busiest point of origin for flights to the region, and offer widespread service.

From the UK: dozens of direct international flights are scheduled each day from London, with less frequent service from other major airports around the UK. Numerous connecting flights also run to South America passing through Madrid, Milan or Zurich along the way.

From Australia and New Zealand: there are ample daily direct flights from Australia and New Zealand, particularly on Argentine airline Aerolineas Argentinas. Sydney has the best selection of flight destinations, with less frequent flights from Melbourne, Brisbane and Auckland.

From South Africa: flights from South Africa to South America and few and far between, but those that exist depart from Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg, Cape Town International Airport or Durban International Airport. Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Sao Paulo (Brazil) handle the most flights from South Africa.

The immense region of South America is a fascinating realm of indigenous and Spanish-flavored culture spread out over 13 similar but unique countries. Moving around this lightly developed part of the world requires patience and a sense of adventure, but the interaction with locals makes it well worth the time and effort.

Traveling around South America requires a country-to-country approach. Unlike many other parts of the world, South America lacks a comprehensive rail or road network. Rail and coach links between neighboring countries are virtually nonexistent, which means overland travelers often need to make their way to the border before negotiating the next leg of the journey.

Bus

Long distance international coach travel in South America is more developed than the train options, and remains a popular choice for travelers with plenty of time. Most bus companies provide seamless cross border tickets, reducing long wait times at immigration checkpoints and increasing overall safety. Chile and Argentina have the most developed and reliable coach network, though some bus service exists in all South American countries.

Air

Faced with slow, rugged and potentially dangerous road travel, many travelers opt for a flight when moving between countries. The presence of regional budget airlines has increased sharply in recent years, providing a quick and relatively inexpensive means of covering distances. Domestic airports can be found all over South America, even in some surprisingly remote areas.

Train

Train travel is a good option when moving around within individual countries. Argentina and Chile have an excellent rail network covering much of their territory, while lesser-developed destinations like Bolivia offer few services. In the Amazon Basin and along the coasts, boats and ferries offer an interesting and convenient way to travel short distances.

Car

While it’s possible to rent a vehicle in most South American countries, driving yourself is not always the best option. The roads throughout most of this vast region are in poor condition, subject to inclement weather and occasionally haunted by bandits. But driving yourself certainly ensures the most amount of adventure and greatest flexibility.

In all but the most impoverished countries of South America, visitors will find a complete range of accommodation options. Major cities and important tourist destinations usually have a decent selection of luxury hotels or resorts, but don’t expect anything nicer than mid-range hotels in the countryside.

Some of the best lodging is found in historic monasteries, Spanish-colonial villas and other creative buildings. Old haciendas are another excellent choice, especially in Ecuador. They simply ooze character and always offer a unique and memorable experience.

It shouldn’t be hard to find a room at short notice unless it’s a major festival week, national holiday or during the peak travel season from June to October. The top-end lodging tends to book up first, so it’s best to make a reservation. There are ample hostels, budget inns and humble lodges nearly every place you go in South America. They are shockingly cheap, and usually comfortable enough, though amenities like air-conditioning (or heaters) are rare.

Hostels

Due to the economic nature of South America, the vast majority of accommodation falls into the hostel category. They can be found in even the smallest towns, and the quality varies widely. Room rates are always incredibly low, although you’ll have to do without creature comforts like a television, air-conditioning or a heater.

Hotels

Luxury hotels are fairly easy to find in the big cities like Lima, Santiago and Buenos Aires, but less so in the countryside. In general, the more touristy the destination the better the range of hotels. South America excels at mid-range hotels and hosterias (akin to a bed and breakfast), where you get excellent value, an interesting atmosphere and often a morning meal.

Camping

There is a decent camping scene within the national parks of South America. If you don’t care to haul your own tent with you, most parks have wonderfully rustic cabins and lodges a day or two into the wilderness. They are very affordable, modestly apportioned and guarantee spectacular views.

Bungalows

Bungalows are most commonly found on the beaches and islands, but an increasing number of bungalow-style nature resorts are popping up in the interior. These simple detached cottages are designed to blend in with their surroundings. They tend towards the budget end of the spectrum, but can occasionally be luxurious and exclusive.

Haciendas

Argentina, Brazil and Ecuador have an impressive roster of old ranches known as haciendas. These former plantation houses often date back 200 years, offering a rare glimpse at rural life before the demise of the colonial era. Antique furnishings and cozy charming rooms are the norm, and the prices are comparable to upper-end hotels.

The most common safety concern for travelers in South America is petty crime, particularly pickpocketing, bag snatching, and phone theft in major cities. Countries like Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Argentina have hotspots where thieves target tourists, especially in crowded markets, public transportation, and nightlife areas. Violent crime, including armed robbery and express kidnappings, occurs in some regions, though taking precautions and avoiding high-risk areas can significantly reduce the risk.

There are a number of health considerations when visiting South America. Food and water often present travelers with stomach problems, so play it safe. Drink only bottled water or soft drinks, and take a quick look around the restaurant before committing. Food should always be adequately cooked, and fruits peeled.

Tropical regions like the Amazon Basin are home to countless insects, spiders and reptiles. Keep your skin covered to prevent mosquito bites and watch where you’re walking when out in the countryside. Altitude sickness is a big concern when traveling in the highlands. Cities like Quito, La Paz and Cusco are at extremely high elevations, so take it slow and easy when you first arrive.

Road safety varies widely, with well-maintained highways in some countries and poorly maintained rural roads in others. Traffic laws are inconsistently enforced, and reckless driving is common. Public transportation ranges from modern metro systems to overcrowded, unsafe buses.

Health risks include mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria in tropical regions and altitude sickness in the Andes. Tap water is unsafe in many areas, and food hygiene varies by location.

While medical facilities in major cities are generally good, rural healthcare is often limited, making travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage essential. Natural hazards include earthquakes, landslides, and extreme weather, which can disrupt travel plans.

If you get seriously ill, head straight to the closest big city, where you’ll find South America’s best medical facilities. Service and quality varies widely, so don’t expect too much. Your country’s consulate is always a reliable help in a pinch. Minor illnesses are easily treated at local pharmacies, which exist all over the region.

Scams & Petty Crime: Pickpocketing and bag snatching are widespread in tourist areas, particularly in cities like Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and Bogotá. Express kidnappings, where victims are forced to withdraw money from ATMs, occur in some countries. Common scams include fake taxi drivers, counterfeit currency exchanges, and distraction thefts. Keeping valuables secure, using registered taxis or ride-hailing apps, and staying alert in busy areas can help avoid issues.

Political Unrest: Protests and demonstrations are common, particularly in countries like Chile, Argentina, and Colombia. While most are peaceful, they can escalate quickly if police intervene. Strikes and road blockades can disrupt transportation. Travelers should avoid large gatherings and monitor local news.

Diseases: Dengue, Zika, and malaria are present in tropical regions, particularly in the Amazon. Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for certain areas. Altitude sickness is a concern in high-altitude destinations like Cusco, La Paz, and Quito. Tap water is unsafe in many countries, so bottled or filtered water is best.

Health Facilities: Private hospitals in major cities offer high-quality care, but rural areas have limited medical services. In case of serious illness or injury, evacuation to a larger city or another country may be necessary. Travel insurance with medical evacuation is strongly recommended.

Road Conditions: Roads vary from modern highways to poorly maintained rural routes. Reckless driving, poorly enforced traffic laws, and road hazards such as landslides and flooding make driving risky. Night travel on remote roads is not advised due to security concerns and poor road conditions.

Food & Water: Tap water is unsafe in many areas, and bottled or filtered water is recommended. Food hygiene varies, with higher risks in street markets and rural areas. Eating at busy restaurants and avoiding raw or undercooked food reduces the risk of foodborne illness.

Nature’s Fury: Earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic activity are concerns in the Andes and along the Pacific coast. The Amazon and other tropical regions experience heavy rainfall and seasonal flooding. Extreme heat can be an issue in desert and lowland areas. Checking weather forecasts and local advisories is essential when traveling to remote areas.

South America is a diverse and affordable continent for digital nomads, offering everything from bustling cities and colonial towns to tropical beaches and remote mountains. With low living costs, strong expat communities, and improving internet infrastructure, it’s a great place for nomads who want adventure, culture, and affordability.

The biggest challenges? Bureaucracy, safety concerns in some areas, and occasional internet instability. However, with the rise of digital nomad visas and coworking spaces, South America is becoming a top remote work destination.

Those who want to learn the Spanish or Portuguese language will find a large number of language schools in South America’s major cities. Both universities and private language institutes offer a range of classes, while private tutors are easy to find in the larger cities.

If you’re a native speaker of English and wish to immerse yourself in Latin culture there are many jobs available in South America teaching English. Most of the jobs are in the big cities such as Santiago, Lima, La Paz and Quito with privately-run language schools. The only drawback is the pay, which is low by Western standards. But the trade-off is quality time spent with the locals.

There are also plenty of volunteer jobs for those with a desire to do humanitarian work. The less developed countries like Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay are often looking for people with skills in agriculture, social work and other infrastructure fields.

Work and study visas are fairly easy to get if you can fulfill the enormous paperwork requirements and prove that you’re working for a recognized organization. Many foreigners simply work illegally for a short time using their tourist visas.

• Buenos Aires: A cultural powerhouse with affordable living, fast internet, and a thriving expat scene.
• Medellín: The “City of Eternal Spring,” offering fast Wi-Fi, great weather, and a strong nomad community.
• Santiago: A modern city with excellent internet, coworking spaces, and easy access to the Andes.
• Lima: A coastal capital with solid infrastructure, great food, and affordable housing.
• Quito: A budget-friendly base with good internet, historical charm, and great access to nature.
• Florianópolis: A digital nomad hotspot known for beaches, outdoor activities, and relaxed vibes.
• Montevideo: A safe, stable city with beachside coworking spaces and a high quality of life.

Cost of Living in South America

South America is one of the most affordable continents for digital nomads. However, costs vary by city and country.

• Accommodation: $300–$1,500 per month. Buenos Aires, Medellín, and Quito are cheaper; Santiago and Montevideo are pricier.
• Food: $150–$500 per month. Eating out is cheap in Peru, Argentina, and Bolivia but more expensive in Chile and Uruguay.
• Transportation: $20–$100 per month. Public transport is affordable, and Uber is widely available in major cities.
• Coworking Space: $80–$300 per month. Options are growing, with Buenos Aires, Medellín, and Santiago offering the most choices.
• Leisure & Extras: $50–$300 per month. Includes gym memberships, social life, and outdoor adventures.

Internet and Connectivity

South America has improving internet speeds, but connectivity varies:

• Best Internet: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Colombia have fiber-optic speeds up to 500 Mbps.
• Reliable but Slower: Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil have 100–300 Mbps in major cities but weaker rural networks.
• Unstable in Some Areas: Bolivia, Paraguay, and Venezuela have inconsistent speeds and frequent power outages.

Tip: Mobile data (Claro, Movistar, Entel, TIM, Vivo) is widely available and affordable. Many nomads use a local SIM card as a backup.

Community and Networking

South America has a growing digital nomad scene, especially in Argentina, Colombia, Brazil, and Chile. Many cities have coworking spaces, expat groups, and networking events. Facebook groups, Meetup, and WhatsApp communities are great for meeting people.

• Best for Business & Networking: Buenos Aires, Santiago, Medellín
• Best for Adventure & Outdoor Nomads: Cusco, Quito, Patagonia
• Best for Beach Life & Relaxed Work: Florianópolis, Lima, Montevideo

Health & Wellness

Staying active is easy in South America, with hiking, surfing, and outdoor sports readily available.

• Best for Hiking & Trekking: Peru (Machu Picchu, Huaraz), Chile (Patagonia, Atacama), Colombia (Cocora Valley)
• Best for Surfing & Beaches: Brazil, Ecuador, Uruguay
• Best for City Gyms & Fitness: Argentina, Chile, Colombia

Healthcare quality varies, but Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Colombia have excellent private medical care at low costs. Many nomads purchase international health insurance for security.

Long-Term Stay

Renting an apartment is affordable in most South American cities, but availability varies.

• Condos and Apartments: $400–$1,500 per month for modern rentals in major cities.
• Serviced Apartments: Available in business hubs like Buenos Aires, Santiago, and Medellín for $800–$2,500 per month.
• Traditional Apartments: The most budget-friendly option, often $300–$900 per month.
• Airbnb: Common, but negotiating a local lease saves money.

Visa Options for Digital Nomads in South America

South America is welcoming to long-term travelers, with many countries offering digital nomad visas or easy residency options.

Countries with Digital Nomad Visas:

• Argentina: Digital Nomad Visa (6–12 months, renewable).
• Colombia: Digital Nomad Visa (1–2 years, requires $684/month income).
• Brazil: Digital Nomad Visa (1 year, renewable, requires $1,500/month income).
• Ecuador: Digital Nomad Visa (2 years, requires $1,275/month income).
• Uruguay: Easy temporary residency leading to permanent residency.

Visa-Free Stays for Most Nationalities:

• Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador: 90 days visa-free, extendable to 180 days.
• Brazil: 90 days visa-free, with an extension option.
• Paraguay: 90 days visa-free, with an easy residency process (low investment required).