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Romania

45 min read

Romania

Romania is becoming one of the most popular destinations in Eastern Europe, having shed its backward image in order to cash in on its remarkable and varied landscapes, historic castles and excellent, affordable skiing.

Introduction
Orientation
Where to Go
When to Go
Things to Do
Getting There
Getting Around
Where to Stay
Health & Safety
Living There
History & Culture
FAQ & Resources

What is it?: Romania is a country in Eastern Europe known for its rich history, medieval castles, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cities, offering a mix of ancient traditions, modern attractions, and beautiful nature.

Affordability: Romania is very affordable, with low costs for food, accommodation, and transportation. It’s one of the best budget-friendly destinations in Europe, offering excellent value for money in cities like Bucharest and rural areas.

Safety: Romania is generally very safe for tourists, with low crime rates. While Bucharest and other larger cities are generally safe, visitors should be cautious in crowded tourist areas to avoid petty theft.

Popularity: Romania is increasingly popular with tourists, especially for its medieval towns, castles, and natural beauty. Cities like Bucharest, Brașov, and the Transfăgărășan Highway are major attractions, drawing visitors interested in history, adventure, and culture.

Tourist Infrastructure: Good, with reliable public transportation, modern hotels, and well-maintained tourist services. The country is easy to explore by train, bus, or car, especially with well-connected cities and popular tourist routes.

Weather: Continental climate, with hot, dry summers (June–August) and cold, snowy winters (December–February). The best time to visit is in spring (April–June) and autumn (September–October), when the weather is mild and ideal for sightseeing.

Best Time to Go: April–October for the best weather, especially for exploring historical sites, hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, and visiting castles like Bran Castle and Peleș Castle. Winter is great for skiing in Poiana Brașov and Sinaia.

Known For: Bran Castle, Peleș Castle, Bucharest, the Carpathian Mountains, medieval towns like Brașov and Sighișoara, Dracula legend, folk traditions, and beautiful countryside.

Top Destinations: Bucharest • Brașov • Bran Castle • Peleș Castle • Sighișoara • Transfăgărășan Highway • Poiana Brașov

  • Nature Buffs: Romania offers incredible natural beauty, from the Carpathian Mountains and Transfăgărășan Highway to Danube Delta and its forests, lakes, and hiking trails, making it an excellent destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

  • History Buffs: Romania’s rich history is reflected in landmarks like Bran Castle, Peleș Castle, and Sighișoara, as well as Bucharest‘s historic sites and the country’s medieval fortresses, offering a deep dive into its fascinating past.

  • Beach Bunnies: Romania’s Black Sea coast offers relaxing beaches, particularly in Mamaia and Constanța, ideal for a laid-back beach experience, though it is less famous than other European beach destinations.

  • Digital Nomads: Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca offer reliable internet, a growing digital nomad community, and affordable living, making Romania a great destination for remote workers, although the infrastructure can be less developed in rural areas.

  • Families: Romania is great for families, with kid-friendly attractions like the Transfăgărășan Highway, outdoor activities in the Carpathian Mountains, castles to explore, and scenic villages that are ideal for family trips.

Introduction

Romania is a land of medieval castles, forested mountains, and rich folklore. Bucharest blends grand boulevards with remnants of its communist past, while Transylvania’s fortified churches and Bran Castle fuel Dracula legends. Sibiu and Brașov charm with cobbled streets and Saxon architecture, while the painted monasteries of Bukovina reveal deep religious traditions. The Carpathian Mountains offer stunning hikes, and the Danube Delta is a paradise for birdwatchers. Romanian cuisine is hearty, with sarmale, mămăligă, and local wines taking center stage.

Most visitors come to explore Bucharest, the capital, where grand Soviet-style architecture contrasts with beautiful historical sites like the Palace of the Parliament, one of the largest buildings in the world, and Old Town, filled with medieval streets, lively bars, and cafes. The country’s Transylvanian region is famous for its medieval castles, particularly Bran Castle, often linked to the Dracula legend, and Peleș Castle, a stunning royal residence nestled in the Carpathian Mountains. Romania is also known for its beautiful countryside, including the Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage site, which is one of the largest and most biodiverse wetlands in Europe. Whether you’re exploring Bucharest’s history, hiking in the Carpathians, or enjoying Transylvanian folklore, Romania offers a variety of unique experiences.

Go searching for vampires in Transylvania, take a dip in the Black Sea or fill up on polenta and spicy sausages, but whatever you do, be sure to stask plenty of extra pocketmoney for all those bribes your are likely to pay on the way.

Romania is a budget-friendly destination, offering a range of accommodation options from budget hostels and guesthouses to mid-range hotels and luxury resorts. Romanian cuisine is hearty, with traditional dishes like sarmale (stuffed cabbage rolls), mămăligă (cornmeal porridge), and ciorbă de burtă (tripe soup) being staples. The country is also known for its wines, particularly Fetească and Muscadelle, as well as its palincă (fruit brandy). Dining out is affordable, especially in local taverns and restaurants, though prices can rise in tourist hotspots like Brașov and Sibiu.

Getting around Romania is easy and affordable. Public transport in Bucharest includes buses, trams, and the metro, while trains and buses connect major towns and cities like Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, and Iași. Renting a car is a good option for exploring rural areas, the Carpathian Mountains, or the Danube Delta. Romania is also a popular destination for cycling, especially in areas like Transylvania. Romanian is the official language, and English is widely spoken in major cities and tourist areas. Romania is considered a safe destination, with a low crime rate and welcoming locals.

  • Capital: Bucharest
  • Population: ~19 million (Density: ~80 people per km², ~207 per mi²)
  • Area: 238,397 km² (92,046 mi²)
  • Official Language: Romanian
  • Common Languages: Hungarian, Romani, English (widely spoken in tourism and business)
  • Currency: Romanian Leu (RON)
  • Time Zone: UTC+2 (Standard), UTC+3 (Daylight Saving Time)
  • Electricity: Plug Type C, F (230V, 50Hz)
  • Emergency Contacts: Police 112, Ambulance 112, Fire 112
  • Drives On: Right
  • Religions: Christianity ~89% (Eastern Orthodox ~86%, Protestant ~3%), No Religion ~9%, Other beliefs ~2%
  • Government: Unitary Semi-Presidential Republic
  • Map Links: Google Maps | Apple Maps
  • Coordinates (for GPS): 45.9432, 24.9668

Why Go to Romania?

  • Bucharest’s Old Town & Palace of the Parliament: Visit Bucharest, with its Old Town, Palace of the Parliament, and vibrant café culture, blending history and modernity.
  • Transylvanian Castles & Dracula Legend: Explore Bran Castle, Peleș Castle, and other medieval fortresses tied to Transylvanian folklore and the Dracula legend.
  • Carpathian Mountains & Hiking: Discover the Carpathian Mountains for hiking, skiing, and exploring scenic villages like Sinaia and Brașov.
  • Danube Delta & Wildlife: Visit the Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage site, for birdwatching, boat tours, and exploration of one of Europe’s most biodiverse wetlands.
  • Romanian Cuisine & Wine: Savor traditional Romanian dishes like sarmale, mămăligă, and ciorbă de burtă, paired with Romanian wines and palincă.
  • Sibiu & Medieval Towns: Stroll through Sibiu, one of Romania’s most charming medieval towns, with its market squares, colorful houses, and beautiful architecture.
  • Traditional Villages & Folklore: Explore Romania’s traditional villages, where you can experience Romanian folk music, dance, and local festivals.

What’s Cool

Beautiful countryside, the diverse landscapes of the Transylvanian Alps, the Black Sea coast, castles and medieval towns of Transylvania, the traditional villages in Maramures, the wonderful monasteries of Bucovina, the elaborate architecture of Bucharest, the mountains, spas and sea resorts, affordable skiing.

What’s Not

Roads can be dangerous, horses and carts in traffic jams with Mercedes and BMWs, the persistence of begging gypsy children and the need to be pay close attention to your personal belongings at all times.

Orientation

Romania is a Southeastern European country located on the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Ukraine to the north, Moldova to the northeast, Bulgaria to the south, Serbia to the southwest, and Hungary to the west. It also has a coastline along the Black Sea to the east. The capital, Bucharest, is a dynamic city blending neo-classical, Communist-era, and modern architecture. Romania is famous for its medieval castles, Carpathian mountain landscapes, painted monasteries, and legends of Dracula.

Romania is dominated by the Carpathian Mountains, which cover much of the central and northern parts of the country. The Danube River forms Romania’s southern border with Bulgaria before flowing into the Danube Delta, a UNESCO-listed biosphere reserve. The Transylvanian Plateau is known for its forests, fortified churches, and historic Saxon towns, while the Wallachian and Moldavian plains are rich in agriculture. Romania has a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, though the Black Sea coast has a milder, maritime influence.

Tourism in Romania is centered on its medieval towns, castles, natural parks, and coastal resorts.

Most international visitors arrive at Henri Coandă International Airport in Bucharest, with additional airports in Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, and Sibiu. Romania has train and bus connections with neighboring countries, including direct trains from Hungary, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The Danube River also serves as a transport route for cruises. Driving is a popular way to explore rural areas, but roads can be slow in the mountains.

Wallachia (Țara Românească)

A region of plains, hills, and vibrant cities, known for its royal palaces and cultural heritage.

  • Bucharest: The capital, home to the Palace of Parliament, Old Town, and Village Museum.
  • Curtea de Argeș: A historic town, known for its monastery and legends tied to Romania’s early rulers.
  • Târgoviște: The former capital of Wallachia, featuring Chindia Tower and the Princely Court of Vlad the Impaler.
  • Sinaia: A mountain resort town famous for Peleș Castle and the Sinaia Monastery.
  • Pitești: A lively city known for the Tulip Festival and Princely Church.

Transylvania

A region of forests, medieval fortresses, and Saxon heritage, famous for Dracula’s Castle and charming towns.

  • Brașov: A scenic medieval city, home to the Black Church, Council Square, and Tampa Mountain.
  • Sibiu: A cultural hub with baroque architecture, medieval towers, and the Bridge of Lies.
  • Cluj-Napoca: A university city with vibrant nightlife, gothic cathedrals, and historic squares.
  • Sighișoara: A UNESCO-listed Saxon citadel, birthplace of Vlad the Impaler (Dracula).
  • Bran Castle: The legendary “Dracula’s Castle”, set in the Carpathian Mountains.

Maramureș and Northern Romania

A remote and traditional region, known for its wooden churches and folklore traditions.

  • Sighetu Marmației: A historic town, home to the Memorial Museum to the Victims of Communism.
  • Merry Cemetery: A unique colorful cemetery in Săpânța, with humorous epitaphs.
  • Bârsana Monastery: A wooden monastery showcasing traditional Maramureș architecture.
  • Ieud: One of the oldest villages in Maramureș, known for its UNESCO-listed wooden church.
  • Rodna Mountains National Park: A wilderness area great for hiking and wildlife watching.

Moldavia (Moldova)

A region of painted monasteries, rolling hills, and historic cities.

  • Iași: A former capital of Moldavia, home to Palace of Culture and the Three Hierarchs Monastery.
  • Suceava: A medieval city with Suceava Fortress and access to UNESCO-listed painted monasteries.
  • Voroneț Monastery: Famous for its deep blue frescoes, often called the “Sistine Chapel of the East”.
  • Neamț Monastery: One of Romania’s most important Orthodox monasteries, dating back to the 14th century.
  • Bacău: A cultural city with connections to the poet George Bacovia.

Banat and Western Romania

A historically multicultural region, known for its Austro-Hungarian influence and modern cities.

  • Timișoara: A vibrant city known as “Little Vienna”, with grand architecture and a revolutionary history.
  • Oradea: A beautifully restored Art Nouveau city near the Hungarian border.
  • Reșița: An industrial town, home to railway heritage and hiking trails.
  • Băile Herculane: A historic thermal spa town, once favored by the Romans.
  • Bigăr Waterfall: A unique fan-shaped waterfall, one of Romania’s most photographed natural sites.

Dobruja (Dobrogea) and the Black Sea Coast

A region of seaside resorts, ancient ruins, and the Danube Delta.

  • Constanța: Romania’s main port city, home to the Roman mosaic, the Casino, and the beach resorts.
  • Mamaia: The country’s most famous beach resort, known for sandy shores and summer nightlife.
  • Danube Delta: A UNESCO-listed biosphere reserve, a paradise for birdwatching and boat tours.
  • Tulcea: The gateway to the Danube Delta, featuring museums and traditional fisherman’s houses.
  • Histria: The ruins of an ancient Greek and Roman city, one of Romania’s oldest settlements.

Oltenia and Southern Carpathians

A region of rural villages, monasteries, and natural landscapes.

  • Craiova: The largest city in the region, with art museums and vibrant parks.
  • Horezu Monastery: A UNESCO-listed monastery, famous for its ceramic traditions.
  • Târgu Jiu: Home to sculptor Constantin Brâncuși’s monumental works.
  • Rânca: A mountain resort in the Parâng Mountains, great for skiing and hiking.
  • Vidraru Lake: A picturesque reservoir, with stunning road trips along the Transfăgărășan Highway.

Where to Go

Start in Bucharest, the bustling capital city. Known as the “Paris of the East” for its wide boulevards and grand architecture, Bucharest is home to a mix of historic buildings and modern structures. Visit the Palace of the Parliament, the second-largest administrative building in the world, and explore the Romanian Athenaeum, a beautiful concert hall in the heart of the city. Wander through Old Town (Lipscani), where you’ll find charming streets filled with cafes, restaurants, and historic sites like the National Museum of Romanian History.

For those interested in medieval history, Brașov is a must-visit. Located in the heart of Transylvania, Brașov is known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, including the iconic Black Church and the Council Square. The nearby Bran Castle, often associated with the Dracula legend, is a popular attraction, though its connection to the actual Vlad the Impaler is tenuous. The Râșnov Fortress, located just outside the city, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside.

Sighisoara, another Transylvanian gem, is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The birthplace of Vlad the Impaler, Sighisoara’s charming streets, towers, and citadel are perfect for a stroll through history. The Clock Tower and the Vlad Dracul House are key sites to visit.

For nature lovers, The Carpathian Mountains offer excellent opportunities for hiking, skiing, and wildlife watching. The Peleș Castle, located in Sinaia, is a stunning royal residence set against the backdrop of the mountains and is a must-see. Transfăgărășan Highway, often called one of the best drives in the world, offers scenic views of the mountains and is perfect for road trips.

If you’re looking to explore Romania’s unique cultural heritage, Moldavia in the northeastern part of the country is home to several famous painted monasteries, such as Voroneț Monastery, known for its vivid blue exterior and intricate frescoes. The Maramureș region, known for its wooden churches and traditional rural life, offers a step back in time with its preserved customs and rustic charm.

Highlights

  • Bucharest – The capital city, known for its grand architecture, vibrant culture, and historic sites.
  • Brașov – A medieval city in Transylvania with beautiful architecture and access to Bran Castle and Râșnov Fortress.
  • Sighisoara – A UNESCO World Heritage medieval town, known as the birthplace of Vlad the Impaler.
  • Peleș Castle – A stunning royal castle located in the Carpathian Mountains near Sinaia.
  • Moldavia – A region known for its painted monasteries and rich cultural heritage.

Top Cities & Towns

  • Bucharest – A lively capital with grand architecture, cultural sites, and vibrant streets.
  • Brașov – A medieval Transylvanian town with stunning castles and a charming Old Town.
  • Sighisoara – A well-preserved medieval town, home to the birthplace of Vlad the Impaler.
  • Cluj-Napoca – A vibrant city known for its cultural scene, historical sites, and university life.
  • Iași – A historical city in Moldavia, with beautiful churches, gardens, and the Palace of Culture.

Nature & Outdoor Adventure

  • The Carpathian Mountains – A range offering hiking, wildlife, and stunning landscapes, with popular destinations like Peleș Castle and Transfăgărășan Highway.
  • Retezat National Park – A national park known for its alpine landscapes, lakes, and hiking trails.
  • Danube Delta – A UNESCO World Heritage site, home to rich wildlife and wetlands, ideal for birdwatching and boating.
  • Transylvanian Alps – A range perfect for hiking, skiing, and exploring the beautiful Făgăraș Mountains.
  • The Painted Monasteries of Moldavia – A unique cultural site with colorful frescoes and historic monasteries in the northeastern region.

Historical & Cultural Sites

  • Palace of the Parliament – A massive building in Bucharest, second in size only to the Pentagon, offering insight into Romania’s communist era.
  • Bran Castle – Often associated with Dracula, this iconic castle offers a glimpse into Romania’s medieval past.
  • Voroneț Monastery – Known for its vivid blue exterior and detailed frescoes, this painted monastery is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
  • Peleș Castle – A stunning neo-Renaissance castle set in the Carpathian Mountains, once the residence of Romanian kings.
  • Sighișoara Citadel – A UNESCO World Heritage site, one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe.

Unique Experiences

  • Visit the Painted Monasteries – Explore the Voroneț Monastery and other beautifully painted monasteries in Moldavia.
  • Explore Bran Castle – Tour the famous castle often linked with the Dracula legend, nestled in the heart of Transylvania.
  • Hike in the Carpathian Mountains – Discover scenic trails, wildlife, and picturesque castles like Peleș Castle.
  • Walk through the streets of Sighisoara – Explore the charming medieval town where Vlad the Impaler was born.
  • Drive the Transfăgărășan Highway – Experience one of the most scenic drives in the world, offering stunning views of the mountains and valleys.

When to Go

Romania has four distinct seasons, but there are significant regional variations and temperatures can differ widely depending on altitude. Spring is a nice time to visit, and most days are sunny and relatively warm, though temperatures can drop significantly at night. Summer days are warm and sunny, and when the temperature become uncomfortably hot, you can escape the heat in the mountains. Autumn days are fresh and the colors of the foliage and landscapes are particularly beautiful at this time of year.

Romania has a continental climate, with hot, dry summers (June–August) and cold, snowy winters (December–February). The Carpathian Mountains experience heavy snowfall, while the Black Sea coast has a milder climate. Spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November) offer mild temperatures and fewer crowds, making them ideal for visiting. The best time to visit is May to September, when the weather is pleasant for sightseeing, hiking, and beach trips.

High Season: June–August
Shoulder Season: April–May, September–October
Low Season: November–March

High Season: From June to August, Romania experiences its warmest weather, with temperatures ranging from 25–30°C (77–86°F). This is the best time for sightseeing, hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, and exploring cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov. Summer also brings numerous festivals, such as the Transylvania International Film Festival and various cultural events. This is the peak season, so expect larger crowds and higher prices, especially in tourist hotspots like Dracula’s Castle in Bran and the medieval towns in Transylvania.

Shoulder Season: April–May and September–October are excellent times to visit, with milder temperatures and fewer tourists. Spring (April–May) offers pleasant weather for hiking, exploring Romania’s castles, and enjoying the countryside in bloom. Fall (September–October) is also great for sightseeing, with cooler temperatures and vibrant autumn foliage, particularly in the forests and mountains. These months offer a good balance of good weather, lower prices, and fewer crowds compared to the high season.

Low Season: From November to March, Romania experiences its coldest months, with snow and freezing temperatures, especially in the mountains. This is the best time for winter sports enthusiasts, particularly in resorts like Poiana Brașov and Sinaia. While not ideal for hiking or sightseeing in the countryside, the winter months offer a peaceful experience in the cities and are a great time to visit indoor attractions like museums, churches, and thermal baths. Prices are lower during this period, but some tourist services may be limited, especially in rural areas.

Romania Month by Month

January: Freezing, snowy, low season. 20-35°F (-7 to 2°C). Great for skiing in Poiana Brașov and winter charm in Bucharest.

February: Very cold, winter continues. 22-40°F (-6 to 4°C). Snow-covered castles and fewer tourists.

March: Cool, early spring. 30-55°F (-1 to 13°C). Snow melts, but the mountains remain cold.

April: Mild, rainy, spring begins. 40-65°F (4-18°C). Ideal for visiting Transylvania and the countryside.

May: Warm, dry, peak spring. 50-75°F (10-24°C). Perfect for hiking, exploring castles, and Danube Delta trips.

June: Hot, sunny, start of summer. 60-85°F (16-29°C). Best for Black Sea beaches and outdoor festivals.

July: Very hot, peak season. 65-95°F (18-35°C). Ideal for hiking in the Carpathians and seaside relaxation.

August: Hot, dry, crowded. 65-95°F (18-35°C). Peak beach season; great for road trips through Transylvania.

September: Warm, fewer crowds. 55-80°F (13-27°C). Wine harvest season and perfect hiking weather.

October: Mild, autumn begins. 45-70°F (7-21°C). Stunning fall foliage in the mountains and cultural events.

November: Cool, rainy, low season. 35-55°F (2-13°C). Fewer tourists, but great for museum visits and cozy cafes.

December: Cold, festive, first snow. 25-45°F (-4 to 7°C). Christmas markets and winter magic in Sibiu and Brașov.

Festivals & Events

Dragobete (Romanian Valentine’s Day): (February 24) – A celebration of love and spring traditions.

Mărțișor: (March 1) – A spring festival where people exchange red-and-white talismans.

Easter Celebrations: (April, varies) – Romania’s biggest religious holiday, with traditional feasts and processions.

Electric Castle Festival: (July) – A major music festival held at Bánffy Castle.

UNTOLD Festival: (August) – One of Europe’s biggest electronic music festivals in Cluj-Napoca.

George Enescu Festival: (September) – A prestigious classical music festival in Bucharest.

Halloween at Bran Castle: (October 31) – A spooky celebration in the legendary Dracula Castle.

Christmas Markets: (December) – Festive markets in Sibiu, Brașov, and Bucharest.

New Year’s Eve: (December 31) – Fireworks and street parties in major cities.

Things to Do

In the capital, Bucharest, grand boulevards and Belle Époque architecture mix with Communist-era monuments, best seen in the colossal Palace of Parliament, one of the largest buildings in the world. The historic Old Town is a lively hub of cafés, restaurants, and historic churches, while the open-air Dimitrie Gusti National Village Museum provides a glimpse into Romania’s rural traditions.

Beyond Bucharest, Romania’s true magic unfolds in Transylvania, where medieval towns like Brașov, Sibiu, and Sighișoara boast cobbled streets, pastel-colored houses, and centuries-old fortifications. Bran Castle, often linked to the Dracula legend, and the imposing Corvin Castle bring the country’s Gothic history to life. In the Carpathian Mountains, the scenic Transfăgărășan Highway, dubbed one of the world’s most beautiful roads, winds through dramatic peaks and glacial lakes. Nature lovers can explore the wild landscapes of Retezat National Park or the untouched beauty of the Danube Delta, one of Europe’s best spots for birdwatching.

  • Scuba Diving: While Romania has a Black Sea coastline, scuba diving is limited compared to other European destinations. However, there are some interesting dive sites near Constanța, including shipwrecks and underwater rock formations.
  • Motorcycle Touring: Romania offers some of the best motorcycle routes in Europe, including the famous Transfăgărășan and Transalpina highways, both of which wind through the Carpathian Mountains with incredible views.
  • Nightlife & Partying: Bucharest is known for its vibrant nightlife, with everything from underground techno clubs to stylish rooftop bars. Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara also have energetic party scenes, especially among the student population.
  • Rock Climbing: Romania has some excellent climbing spots, particularly in the Bucegi Mountains, Piatra Craiului, and the Bicaz Gorges. The diverse terrain provides great routes for climbers of all skill levels.
  • Bicycle Touring: Romania’s scenic countryside and mountain roads make for excellent cycling. The rolling hills of Transylvania and the Carpathian passes offer challenging yet rewarding routes.
  • Golfing: Golf is not a major sport in Romania, but there are some quality courses near Bucharest, including Theodora Golf Club, which boasts the longest hole in Europe.
  • Shopping: Romania has an interesting mix of modern shopping centers and traditional markets. Bucharest’s Băneasa Shopping City offers high-end retail, while villages in Maramureș and Bucovina sell beautiful handcrafted wooden items and traditional embroidered clothing.
  • Trekking: Romania is one of Europe’s top trekking destinations, with the Făgăraș, Retezat, and Apuseni Mountains offering incredible trails through untouched wilderness. The hike to Moldoveanu Peak, Romania’s highest, is particularly rewarding.
  • Mountain Biking: The Carpathian Mountains are perfect for mountain biking, with trails in Bucegi, Piatra Craiului, and Retezat National Park offering diverse terrain and fantastic views.
  • White Water Rafting: The Jiu, Buzău, and Crișul Repede Rivers provide excellent white-water rafting experiences, particularly in the spring and early summer when water levels are high.
  • Wind Surfing: The Black Sea coast, particularly around Mamaia and Vama Veche, offers good windsurfing conditions, with steady winds and wide beaches.

Cultural Experiences

Romania’s culture is a mix of medieval history, Orthodox traditions, and a touch of mystery. From Dracula’s legend to stunning monasteries, there’s plenty to discover.

  • Exploring Bran Castle (Dracula’s Castle): This famous Transylvanian castle, often linked to the Dracula legend, is a fascinating medieval fortress offering breathtaking views and a glimpse into Romania’s past.
  • Visiting Peleș Castle: One of the most beautiful castles in Europe, Peleș Castle in Sinaia is a masterpiece of Neo-Renaissance architecture, filled with lavish interiors and surrounded by mountain scenery.
  • Touring Sighișoara’s Old Town: A UNESCO World Heritage site, Sighișoara is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe, with colorful houses, cobbled streets, and the birthplace of Vlad the Impaler.
  • Exploring the Painted Monasteries of Bucovina: These UNESCO-listed monasteries, with their vibrant frescoes covering both interior and exterior walls, are among Romania’s most treasured cultural sites.
  • Walking Through the Village Museum in Bucharest: This open-air museum showcases traditional wooden houses, churches, and farm buildings from across Romania, giving visitors insight into the country’s rural heritage.

Natural Experiences

Romania’s landscapes range from rolling hills and dense forests to high peaks and coastal wetlands, offering countless outdoor activities.

  • Hiking in the Retezat National Park: One of Romania’s most stunning national parks, Retezat is home to glacial lakes, alpine meadows, and over 20 peaks above 2,000 meters.
  • Exploring the Danube Delta: A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Danube Delta is one of Europe’s best bird-watching destinations, with hundreds of species thriving in its wetlands.
  • Relaxing at the Black Sea Beaches: Mamaia is Romania’s most famous beach resort, known for its lively atmosphere, while Vama Veche offers a more bohemian, laid-back vibe.
  • Visiting the Berca Mud Volcanoes: A strange and fascinating geological site, these small mud volcanoes in Buzău County create an otherworldly landscape of bubbling mud and cracked earth.
  • Hiking the Transfăgărășan Road: While famous as a driving route, the Transfăgărășan also offers spectacular hiking trails, leading to alpine lakes and stunning mountain vistas.

Urban Experiences

Romania’s cities offer a mix of medieval charm and modern energy, with lively squares, vibrant street art, and rich architectural heritage.

  • Exploring Bucharest’s Old Town: Packed with historical buildings, trendy cafes, and lively bars, Bucharest’s Old Town is the perfect place to experience the city’s vibrant atmosphere.
  • Discovering Timișoara, Romania’s Cultural Capital: Known for its stunning architecture and artistic scene, Timișoara is a lively city with a rich history, playing a key role in Romania’s 1989 revolution.
  • Wandering Through Cluj-Napoca’s Student Quarter: Cluj-Napoca is Romania’s arts and culture hub, filled with cool cafes, music festivals, and a thriving nightlife scene.
  • Visiting the Astra Museum in Sibiu: This massive open-air museum showcases Romania’s rural traditions, featuring wooden windmills, watermills, and traditional homes.
  • Shopping for Handcrafted Souvenirs in Maramureș: Maramureș is famous for its wooden churches, carved gates, and traditional crafts, making it a great place to buy authentic Romanian souvenirs.

Unique Experiences

Romania has plenty of unusual and fascinating experiences that make it stand out from other European destinations.

  • Driving the Transfăgărășan Highway: Often called “the best road in the world,” this winding mountain road offers breathtaking views and a thrilling driving experience.
  • Visiting the Merry Cemetery in Săpânța: Unlike traditional cemeteries, this colorful graveyard features painted wooden crosses with humorous and poetic epitaphs telling the stories of the deceased.
  • Exploring the Turda Salt Mine: This massive underground salt mine has been transformed into an amusement park, complete with a Ferris wheel and underground lake.
  • Taking a Steam Train Ride Through Maramureș: The Mocănița steam train takes passengers through the scenic Vaser Valley, offering a nostalgic ride through Romania’s remote landscapes.
  • Attending the Sighișoara Medieval Festival: Held every summer, this festival brings medieval history to life with knights, fire shows, and traditional Romanian music.

Weird and Wonderful

Romania has its fair share of odd and mysterious attractions that make for some unforgettable experiences.

  • The Hoia Forest (The World’s Most Haunted Forest): Located near Cluj-Napoca, this dense forest is known for its twisted trees and eerie legends, often called the “Bermuda Triangle of Romania.”
  • The Living Fires of Lopătari: A natural phenomenon where small flames emerge from the earth due to underground gas leaks, creating an eerie spectacle.
  • The Corvin Castle’s Haunted Legends: One of Romania’s most impressive castles, Corvin Castle is said to be haunted, adding an extra layer of mystery to its medieval grandeur.

Getting There

Romania is easily accessible by air, land, and rail. The capital, Bucharest, is the primary international gateway with Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP) being the busiest airport in the country. Romania shares borders with Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, and Greece, making it convenient to travel by train, bus, or car from neighboring countries. There are no ferry services directly to Romania, but the Danube River provides water routes from neighboring countries to Romanian ports.

For most travelers, flying into Bucharest is the most convenient option. Overland travel from neighboring countries by train or bus is also common.

Entry Requirements for Romania

Romania, while a member of the European Union, is not part of the Schengen Area. However, it allows visa-free travel for short stays up to 90 days within a 180-day period for tourism, business, or family visits. This applies to citizens of countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.

Citizens of the United States and Canada: U.S. and Canadian citizens do not require a visa for stays up to 90 days within a 180-day period in Romania. A passport valid for at least three months beyond the intended date of departure is required.

Citizens of the United Kingdom: UK citizens can visit Romania for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa. A valid passport is required.

Citizens of Australia and New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand citizens can stay in Romania visa-free for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. A valid passport is required. oai_citation_attribution:0‡roughguides.com

Health and Vaccination Requirements: There are no specific vaccination requirements for entry into Romania. However, travelers should ensure they are up to date with routine immunizations.

Customs Regulations: Travelers entering or leaving Romania with amounts exceeding €10,000 in cash must declare it to customs authorities.

Additional Tips:

  • Travel Insurance: It’s recommended to have travel insurance covering medical expenses and unforeseen changes.

  • Stay Informed: Entry requirements may change, so check the latest information from official sources or contact the nearest Romanian embassy or consulate before departure.

By Air

Romania’s main international airport is Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP), located about 16 kilometers north of Bucharest. Other major airports, such as Cluj-Napoca International Airport (CLJ), Iași International Airport (IAS), and Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport (TSR), handle regional and seasonal flights.

  • Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP) – Bucharest (Main international hub, handles flights from Europe, North America, and the Middle East)
  • Cluj-Napoca International Airport (CLJ) – Cluj-Napoca (Handles European flights)
  • Iași International Airport (IAS) – Iași (Handles European flights)
  • Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport (TSR) – Timișoara (Handles European flights)

Direct flights operate from Europe, North America, and the Middle East.

  • London (LHR) → Bucharest (OTP) (Wizz Air, British Airways)
  • New York (JFK) → Bucharest (OTP) (Delta Airlines, Tarom)
  • Paris (CDG) → Bucharest (OTP) (Air France, Tarom)
  • Istanbul (IST) → Bucharest (OTP) (Turkish Airlines)

By Train

Romania is connected by train to neighboring countries like Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, and Greece. Major cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov have international rail connections to Sofia, Belgrade, Budapest, and other cities.

  • Budapest (Hungary) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 16-17 hours)
  • Sofia (Bulgaria) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 9 hours)
  • Belgrade (Serbia) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 8 hours)
  • Kiev (Ukraine) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 14-15 hours)

Train services are a scenic and comfortable way to travel, especially for those coming from Hungary and Bulgaria.

By Bus

Bus services are a popular and affordable way to travel from neighboring countries like Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Hungary to Bucharest and other cities. These buses are often more affordable than trains, though the journey time may be longer.

  • Budapest (Hungary) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 12-13 hours)
  • Belgrade (Serbia) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 8 hours)
  • Sofia (Bulgaria) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 6 hours)
  • Chisinau (Moldova) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 5-6 hours)

FlixBus and Eurolines operate regular services to Bucharest from various cities in Europe.

By Car

Driving into Romania from Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, and Greece is possible with well-maintained highways. Border crossings are typically straightforward, though travelers should ensure they have the proper documentation, including visas (if required).

  • Budapest (Hungary) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 7 hours)
  • Belgrade (Serbia) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 8 hours)
  • Sofia (Bulgaria) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 6 hours)
  • Chisinau (Moldova) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 4-5 hours)

Driving in Romania offers flexibility, especially for those wishing to explore the countryside and regions like Transylvania or Moldavia.

To & From Ukraine

Romania shares a border with Ukraine, and train, bus, and car services are available for overland travel.

  • Kiev (Ukraine) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 14-15 hours)
  • Odessa (Ukraine) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 13 hours)
  • Kiev (Ukraine) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 14 hours)
  • Lviv (Ukraine) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 8 hours)

Travel from Ukraine to Romania is straightforward, with train and bus services available between Kiev and Bucharest.

To & From Moldova

Romania shares a border with Moldova, and train, bus, and car services are available for overland travel.

  • Chisinau (Moldova) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 5-6 hours)
  • Chisinau (Moldova) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 5-6 hours)
  • Chisinau (Moldova) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 4-5 hours)

Travel between Moldova and Romania is frequent, with train and bus services operating regularly between Chisinau and Bucharest.

To & From Bulgaria

Romania shares a border with Bulgaria, and train, bus, and car routes are available for overland travel.

  • Sofia (Bulgaria) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 9 hours)
  • Sofia (Bulgaria) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 6 hours)
  • Sofia (Bulgaria) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 6 hours)

Travel between Bulgaria and Romania is easy, with frequent train and bus services operating between Sofia and Bucharest.

To & From Serbia

Romania shares a border with Serbia, and train, bus, and car services are available for overland travel.

  • Belgrade (Serbia) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 8 hours)
  • Belgrade (Serbia) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 7-8 hours)
  • Belgrade (Serbia) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 8 hours)

Travel from Serbia to Romania is straightforward, with frequent train and bus services available between Belgrade and Bucharest.

To & From Hungary

Romania shares a border with Hungary, and train, bus, and car services are available for overland travel.

  • Budapest (Hungary) → Bucharest (Romania) (Train, 7-8 hours)
  • Budapest (Hungary) → Bucharest (Romania) (Bus, 12-13 hours)
  • Budapest (Hungary) → Bucharest (Romania) (Car, 7 hours)

Travel between Hungary and Romania is quick and efficient, with frequent train and bus services operating between Budapest and Bucharest.

Getting Around

Romania is well served by buses, trains and planes, with an increasing number of budget airlines offering cheap European flights to the main destinations. The rail link with Western Europe is relatively good, and services are frequent and reliable though you should be careful of your personal belongings as pick-pocketing is a frequent occurrence. Buses are also available to many parts of Western Europe including Spain, Italy and France, though journeys are long and conditions can be crowded and unpleasant, especially if the person next to you insists on eating spicy sausages the whole way. If you choose to travel by road, you are best advised to equip yourself with a robust jeep as road conditions can be poor to non-existent.

Train

Romania has an extensive railway network, operated by Căile Ferate Române (CFR), with a mix of fast Intercity (IC) trains and regional services connecting cities and towns. Trains are a scenic and comfortable way to travel, though they can be slow on some routes.

  • Bucharest to Brașov (2.5 hours): A popular route connecting the capital to Brașov, a gateway to Bran Castle and the Carpathian Mountains.
  • Bucharest to Cluj-Napoca (8 hours): A long but scenic journey to Cluj-Napoca, a cultural and university hub in Transylvania.
  • Bucharest to Constanța (2 hours): A fast train to the Black Sea coast, popular for visiting Mamaia Beach.

Trains in Romania are affordable, and while Intercity (IC) and InterRegio (IR) trains are comfortable, Regio (R) trains can be slow and less reliable.

Bus

Buses are a common and affordable way to travel between cities and rural areas, often providing faster service than trains. Companies like FlixBus, Dacos, and Memento Bus operate intercity routes.

  • Bucharest to Sibiu (5 hours): A bus ride to Sibiu, known for its German-influenced architecture and medieval squares.
  • Cluj-Napoca to Timișoara (4 hours): A comfortable ride connecting two of Romania’s most dynamic cities.
  • Brașov to Sighișoara (2 hours): A bus trip to Sighișoara, a UNESCO-listed medieval town.

Buses are frequent, affordable, and provide better access to smaller towns than trains.

Car Rental

Renting a car is the best way to explore Transylvania’s castles, remote villages, and national parks. Romania has a modern highway network, but some rural roads can be poorly maintained.

  • Driving the Transfăgărășan Highway offers one of the most scenic routes in the world, connecting Wallachia and Transylvania through the Carpathian Mountains.
  • Renting a car in Bucharest allows access to Peleș Castle, Bran Castle, and the Danube Delta.

Car rentals provide freedom, but city driving in Bucharest can be challenging due to heavy traffic.

Ride Share

Ride-sharing services like Bolt and Uber operate in major Romanian cities, offering a cheap and convenient alternative to taxis.

  • Bolt is widely used in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Timișoara, providing lower fares than traditional taxis.
  • Uber operates in Bucharest and a few other cities, offering both standard and premium ride options.

For short trips within cities, ride-sharing services are generally cheaper and more reliable than taxis.

Ferries & Boats

Romania has river and Black Sea ferry services, particularly along the Danube River and in Dobruja.

  • Galați to Tulcea (2 hours): A ferry route connecting two cities along the Danube Delta.
  • Constanța to Sulina (4 hours): A boat ride to Sulina, the easternmost town of Romania, accessible only by water.
  • Danube River Cruises: Scenic cruises run between Orșova, Iron Gates, and Belgrade, Serbia.

Ferries are scenic and enjoyable, especially in the Danube Delta region.

Air

Romania has several international and regional airports, with Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP) in Bucharest being the main hub. Domestic flights are available but not necessary for most travel within Romania.

  • Bucharest to Cluj-Napoca (1 hour): A quick alternative to the 8-hour train ride.
  • Bucharest to Iași (1 hour): A short flight to Moldavia’s cultural center.

For domestic travel, trains and buses are usually better options than flying.

Taxis

Taxis are available in all major cities, but fares can be high compared to ride-sharing services.

  • Taxis in Bucharest should be booked via phone or an app like Clever Taxi to avoid overcharging.
  • Cluj-Napoca and Brașov also have taxis, but Bolt is often a cheaper alternative.

For short distances, taxis can be useful, but ride-sharing apps usually offer better prices.

Public Transport in Cities

Romania’s major cities have efficient public transport networks, including buses, trams, and metro systems.

  • Bucharest Metro: The fastest way to travel across Bucharest, with four metro lines.
  • Trams in Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara: A scenic and efficient way to get around historic city centers.
  • Buses in Brașov and Iași: Buses provide extensive coverage in tourist areas and suburbs.

Public transport in Romania is cheap, reliable, and easy to use, making it the best option for city travel.

Where to Stay

Most travelers to Romania will likely be interested in staying in budget-friendly hostels, guesthouses, and mid-range hotels, with prices typically ranging from RON 50–250 ($11–$55) per night for dormitory beds or simple private rooms. In cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov, you’ll find a variety of budget accommodations offering easy access to Romania’s historical landmarks, lively cultural scenes, and breathtaking mountain landscapes. Mid-range hotels generally cost between RON 250–600 ($55–$130) per night, offering modern amenities like private bathrooms, Wi-Fi, and breakfast.

For those seeking something more luxurious, Romania offers upscale hotels, spa resorts, and boutique stays, particularly in Bucharest, Transylvania, and the Carpathian Mountains. These high-end accommodations feature private wellness centers, gourmet dining, and scenic views, with prices starting around RON 600 ($130) per night and increasing for premium locations and exclusive services.

Budget Travelers: Dormitory beds in hostels and basic guesthouses generally cost between RON 50–150 ($11–$33) per night for dormitory beds or simple private rooms. Budget hotels and Airbnb rentals in cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov typically range from RON 150–300 ($33–$65) per night. In smaller towns or rural villages, you can find even cheaper options.

Mid-Range: A comfortable three-star hotel or boutique guesthouse typically costs between RON 250–600 ($55–$130) per night. These accommodations offer modern amenities such as free Wi-Fi, private bathrooms, and breakfast included. Many mid-range accommodations are located near popular attractions like Bran Castle, the Painted Monasteries of Bucovina, or the medieval town of Sibiu.

Upscale: Luxury accommodations in Romania start at RON 600 ($130) per night, with five-star hotels, boutique manors, and spa resorts exceeding RON 1,500 ($325) per night. These properties offer premium services such as private wine tastings, thermal baths, wellness treatments, and panoramic views of Romania’s mountains, medieval towns, or Black Sea coast.

Hotels

Hotels in Romania range from budget motels and guesthouses to luxurious five-star resorts and boutique properties. In cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Iași, you’ll find a wide selection of hotels, from modern international chains to charming boutique stays. Many hotels in Transylvania are housed in historic buildings, offering a blend of medieval charm and modern comfort. Spa hotels in the Carpathian Mountains and near the Black Sea cater to wellness seekers, with thermal baths and relaxation facilities.

Hostels

Hostels are common in Romania, particularly in cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov, where dormitory beds generally cost between RON 50–150 ($11–$33) per night. Many hostels offer free Wi-Fi, communal kitchens, and social spaces, making them ideal for solo travelers, backpackers, and young tourists. Some hostels also provide private rooms for a slightly higher price. In smaller towns or rural regions, guesthouses serve as affordable alternatives with a more homely atmosphere.

Backpacker

Backpacking in Romania is affordable, with dormitory beds and budget guesthouses available for RON 50–250 ($11–$55) per night. Popular backpacker destinations include Bucharest, Sibiu, and the mountain towns of Brașov and Sighișoara, where you’ll find budget-friendly accommodations close to historical sites, hiking trails, and lively cafes. Romania’s extensive train and bus network makes it easy to travel between cities and remote villages, and many hostels offer organized activities such as hiking tours, castle visits, and pub crawls.

Flashpacker

Flashpackers will find stylish boutique hotels, serviced apartments, and well-equipped guesthouses for RON 250–600 ($55–$130) per night. These accommodations offer modern amenities such as high-speed internet, private bathrooms, and air conditioning. In Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca, flashpackers can stay in trendy properties located near cultural hotspots, cafes, and shopping areas, while in the countryside, boutique lodges provide a more peaceful setting with scenic views.

Homestays

Homestays are available in both urban and rural areas across Romania, providing an authentic experience of local life. Prices for homestays generally range from RON 100–300 ($22–$65) per night, often including meals. Staying with a local family allows you to experience Romanian hospitality, traditional home-cooked meals, and a deeper understanding of the country’s traditions. Homestays are particularly popular in the villages of Maramureș, Bucovina, and the Transylvanian countryside, where visitors can enjoy wooden houses, local crafts, and folklore.

Camping

Camping is a popular activity in Romania, particularly in national parks like Retezat, Piatra Craiului, and Apuseni, as well as along the Danube Delta. Campsites typically charge RON 20–80 ($5–$18) per night for a pitch, with many offering basic amenities like toilets, showers, and picnic areas. Wild camping is allowed in some areas, especially in the mountains, but it’s best to check local regulations. For a more comfortable outdoor experience, glamping (luxury camping) is available in select regions for RON 200–600 ($45–$130) per night, offering high-end tents, private bathrooms, and scenic nature views.

Unique Stays

Romania offers a variety of unique accommodations, such as castle hotels, boutique hotels in medieval towns, and countryside manor houses. In Transylvania, you can stay in castle-like manors or traditional Saxon guesthouses with fortified walls. In Bucovina, visitors can sleep in wooden houses near the UNESCO-listed Painted Monasteries. For something truly special, consider booking a stay at a vineyard estate in Dealu Mare, a forest lodge in the Carpathian Mountains, or a floating eco-hotel in the Danube Delta. Prices for unique stays range from RON 200 ($45) for rural guesthouses or farm stays to RON 2,000+ ($435) for luxury castle hotels, private estates, or boutique spa retreats.

Health & Safety

Romania is a relatively safe destination with a low crime rate and a growing tourism industry. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in busy tourist areas like Bucharest’s Old Town, Bran Castle, and Sibiu’s city center, particularly in crowded spaces or on public transport. Violent crime is rare, but travelers should remain cautious, especially at night in unfamiliar areas or in less-touristed parts of cities.

Health risks in Romania are minimal, with high food hygiene standards and generally safe tap water in cities. However, in rural areas, drinking bottled or filtered water is recommended. Foodborne illnesses are uncommon, though street food should be consumed with caution. Romania’s healthcare system is improving, with modern medical facilities available in major cities like Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. Rural healthcare services may be more limited, so travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is advisable for those traveling outside of urban centers.

Corruption among officials is a continuing problem in Romania, and bribes are common place so have some extra pocket money at the ready just in case. You should always ensure that you are actually dealing with a real official, as there are a number of impersonators in operation. Maintain your distance from beggars or gypsy children, or prepare for your wallet to disappear. Medical facilities can vary dramatically from place to place, so shop around for a facility that has a good reputation and where the staff have some knowledge of English or another language in which you can communicate your ailments.

Scams & Petty Crime: Pickpocketing and bag snatching can happen in tourist areas and public transportation, especially in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and other popular cities. Some taxi drivers may overcharge tourists, so it’s best to use ride-hailing apps or reputable taxi services. Be cautious of unofficial money exchange services, as currency scams have been reported.

Political Unrest: Romania is politically stable, though occasional protests take place, particularly in Bucharest. These are usually peaceful but can cause traffic disruptions. Travelers should stay informed and avoid large demonstrations as a precaution.

Diseases: Romania has a low risk of diseases, with foodborne illnesses being the most common concern. Tap water is generally safe to drink in cities, but bottled water is recommended in rural areas. Tick-borne diseases like Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis are present in forested regions, so precautions should be taken when hiking.

Health Facilities: Romania has modern hospitals and clinics in cities like Bucharest, Timișoara, and Iași, but rural healthcare facilities can be limited. Travelers should have insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation if needed. EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), but non-EU visitors should ensure they have comprehensive medical coverage.

Road Conditions: Romania’s major highways and city roads are generally well-maintained, but rural and mountain roads can be narrow, winding, and in poorer condition. Drivers should be cautious, particularly at night. Winter driving can be challenging due to snow and ice, especially in the Carpathian Mountains. Public transportation is available, with trains and buses offering reliable options for getting around.

Food & Water: Tap water is generally safe to drink in urban areas, but bottled water is recommended in remote regions. Food hygiene standards are high in reputable restaurants, and traditional Romanian food is safe to enjoy. Street food is common and generally safe, but travelers should eat at busy vendors to minimize the risk of foodborne illness.

Nature’s Fury: Romania is not prone to major natural disasters, but heavy snowfall in winter can impact travel, particularly in the mountains. Occasional flooding occurs along rivers during heavy rains. Earthquakes, while rare, can happen, as Romania is in a seismically active region. Travelers should stay informed about weather conditions, especially when exploring remote areas.

Living There

Romania has become a growing hub for digital nomads looking for a combination of affordable living, modern amenities, and access to beautiful nature. With its vibrant cities, reliable internet, and a thriving digital community, Romania offers a dynamic environment for remote work. Cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov are becoming hotspots for digital nomads, offering a wide range of coworking spaces, networking events, and cultural activities.

Romania provides high-speed internet, low rent, and affordable food compared to Western European countries. Whether you’re working from the bustling streets of Bucharest, the historic charm of Cluj-Napoca, or the mountainous landscape of Brașov, Romania offers a unique setting for both productivity and leisure.

  • Bucharest: The capital, offering modern amenities, a growing startup ecosystem, coworking spaces, and a vibrant cultural scene.
  • Cluj-Napoca: Known for its tech scene, affordable living, and young, international community.
  • Brașov: A charming city near the Carpathian Mountains, offering affordable rent, a slower pace of life, and access to outdoor adventures.
  • Timișoara: A cultural hub with a growing digital nomad community, affordable housing, and easy access to nature reserves.
  • Iași: A quieter university town offering low cost of living and access to historical sites and natural landscapes.

Cost of Living

Romania offers an affordable cost of living, especially when compared to many Western European countries. While Bucharest tends to be the most expensive city, it still remains affordable. Smaller cities like Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, and Timișoara provide even better value for money.

  • Accommodation: $300–$1,000 per month. In Bucharest, one-bedroom apartments in the city center range from $500–$1,000 per month. In Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, and Timișoara, rent is more affordable, starting from $300–$700 for similar apartments.
  • Food: $150–$350 per month. Supermarket shopping is affordable, and eating out at local restaurants is cheap. Dining in more tourist-heavy areas or international restaurants may be more expensive but still relatively affordable.
  • Transportation: $20–$50 per month. Public transportation in Bucharest is efficient and affordable, with metro, buses, and trams. Taxis and ride-sharing apps like Bolt are also common and relatively inexpensive.
  • Coworking Space: $100–$300 per month. Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca have numerous coworking spaces, with prices ranging from $100–$300 depending on the services and location. Smaller cities offer similar spaces at slightly lower prices.
  • Leisure & Extras: $50–$200 per month. Includes visits to museums, exploring historical landmarks, outdoor activities like hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, or enjoying the café culture in Bucharest or Cluj-Napoca.

Internet and Connectivity

Romania has excellent internet infrastructure, with fiber-optic broadband available in most urban areas, especially in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov. Internet speeds typically range from 50–100 Mbps in coworking spaces, cafés, and hotels, making it perfect for remote work.

Mobile data is affordable and widely available, with 4G and 5G coverage throughout Romania. Providers like Orange, Vodafone, and Telekom Romania offer data plans that are perfect for mobile hotspots, so staying connected on the go is easy.

Community and Networking

Romania has a growing digital nomad community, especially in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Brașov, where remote workers and entrepreneurs gather in coworking spaces and attend networking events. Bucharest, being the capital, is the business and cultural hub of the country, with a vibrant social scene and startup ecosystem.

Cluj-Napoca is another hotspot for digital nomads, with a focus on tech startups and an international community of remote workers. Brașov and Timișoara offer a slower pace of life but still have growing expat communities and coworking spaces.

Networking is often done through Facebook groups, Meetup, and LinkedIn. Many coworking spaces in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca host regular social events, workshops, and networking meetups to help digital nomads build their professional networks.

Health & Wellness

Romania has a well-developed healthcare system, with both public and private healthcare options available. Expats and digital nomads typically opt for private health insurance to access quicker medical services and more comprehensive care. The public healthcare system is considered affordable, but many expats prefer private clinics for convenience and quality of service.

For wellness, Romania offers a variety of outdoor activities. The Carpathian Mountains provide excellent opportunities for hiking, skiing, mountain biking, and camping. Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, and Timișoara are well-connected to these areas, making it easy to access nature for weekend getaways.

Fitness centers, yoga studios, and spas are available in major cities like Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca, while smaller towns and cities also offer access to nature reserves and outdoor activities.

Long-Term Stay

Renting in Romania is affordable, particularly when compared to Western Europe. While Bucharest has higher rent costs, Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, and Timișoara offer even better value.

  • Condos and Apartments: In Bucharest, one-bedroom apartments in the city center range from $500–$1,000 per month. In Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, and Timișoara, rents start from $300–$700 for similar apartments.
  • Serviced Apartments: Fully furnished serviced apartments in Bucharest typically range from $700–$1,500 per month.
  • Traditional Houses: Larger homes or houses in suburban or rural locations typically range from $400–$1,000 per month.
  • Airbnb: Available throughout the country, with long-term rentals starting from $400–$800 per month in Bucharest and $300–$700 in smaller cities like Cluj-Napoca and Brașov.

Visa Options

Romania offers several visa options for digital nomads and long-term stays.

  • Tourist Visa: Most non-EU nationals can stay in Romania for up to 90 days within a 180-day period under the Schengen visa.
  • Freelancer Visa (Self-Employment Visa): This visa is available for freelancers and remote workers wishing to stay longer and work in Romania.
  • Temporary Residence Visa: For those wishing to stay in Romania for more than 90 days, a temporary residence visa is available for remote workers or business owners.
  • Work Visa: For individuals employed by a Romanian company, a work visa is required.
  • Investor Visa: Romania offers an investor visa for those wishing to invest in the country and gain long-term residency.

History & Culture

Romania’s history is rich and complex, shaped by various influences, including Roman, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires. Today, it is a vibrant democratic republic with a growing economy and a strong cultural identity. While it has emerged from the shadows of communism and Soviet influence, Romania remains a country deeply connected to its medieval past, folklore, and traditional customs.

Food

Romanian cuisine reflects a blend of Slavic, Turkish, Hungarian, and Roman influences. The food is hearty, flavorful, and often revolves around meat, vegetables, cheese, and sauces. Pork, beef, and chicken are the most common meats used, while cabbage, potatoes, and corn are staple ingredients. Romanian food is typically served in large portions, perfect for sharing with family or friends.

  • Sarmale: Cabbage rolls filled with a mixture of minced meat, rice, and herbs, often cooked in a tomato sauce and enjoyed with sour cream.
  • Mămăligă: A dish made from cornmeal, similar to polenta, often served with cheese, sour cream, or a meat stew.
  • Mici (Mititei): Grilled sausages made from a blend of beef, pork, and spices, usually served with mustard and bread.
  • Ciorbă de burtă: A rich, tangy soup made with tripe, vinegar, and garlic, typically served with sour cream and garlic bread.
  • Papanși: A traditional fried dough dessert, filled with sweet cheese, and topped with sour cream and jam.
  • Zacuscă: A savory vegetable spread made with eggplant, peppers, and onions, commonly enjoyed with bread or as a side dish.

Language

The official language of Romania is Romanian, a Romance language that evolved from Latin and shares similarities with Italian, French, and Spanish. Romanian uses the Latin alphabet, and while it is the dominant language in the country, there are also significant Hungarian, Roma, and Ukrainian-speaking minorities. In larger cities, English is widely spoken, especially by younger generations, but rural areas may have less English proficiency.

Useful Phrases

  • Hello: Bună
  • Thank you: Mulțumesc
  • Yes / No: Da / Nu
  • How much is this?: Cât costă aceasta?
  • Where is the bathroom?: Unde este toaleta?
  • Help!: Ajutor!
  • I don’t understand: Nu înțeleg

History

Romania’s history dates back to ancient times, when it was home to the Dacians, who were later conquered by the Romans in 106 AD. This marked the beginning of the Roman Province of Dacia, which influenced the language and culture of the area. Following the Roman Empire’s collapse, the region was invaded and ruled by various groups, including the Slavs, Ottomans, and Hungarians, leaving a complex cultural and historical legacy.

In the Middle Ages, the Principality of Wallachia and the Principality of Moldavia became key regional powers, and in the 19th century, Romania was unified under the leadership of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Romania became a kingdom in 1881, and during the World Wars, it was involved in significant territorial changes. After World War II, Romania became a Soviet satellite state, and communism took hold under Nicolae Ceaușescu. Following the 1989 revolution, Romania transitioned to a democratic republic and joined the European Union in 2007.

Romania’s rich past is reflected in its castles, fortresses, and churches, as well as its traditional villages and folklore, making it a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts.

Important Dates in Romanian History

  • 106 AD: The Roman Empire conquers the Dacians, marking the beginning of Roman influence in the region.
  • 13th Century: The Principality of Wallachia and Principality of Moldavia are established, beginning the rise of Romanian lands.
  • 1859: Alexandru Ioan Cuza unites Wallachia and Moldavia, forming modern Romania.
  • 1918: Romania expands its territory, incorporating Transylvania and other regions following World War I.
  • 1947: King Michael I is forced to abdicate, and Romania becomes a communist state under Soviet influence.
  • 1989: The Romanian Revolution leads to the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu and the collapse of communism.
  • 2007: Romania joins the European Union, marking a new era of integration with Western Europe.

FAQ & Resources

Embassies and Consulates

For visa applications, consular services, and official information, travelers can contact the following embassies and consulates of Romania:

Note: For a comprehensive list of Romania’s diplomatic missions worldwide, visit the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.

Government Safety Advisories

Blogs and Forums

These platforms provide insights into traveling, living, and working in Romania:

  • Reddit: r/Romania – A community for discussions about Romania, including travel experiences, cultural insights, and current events.
  • TripAdvisor: Romania Travel Forum – A forum where travelers share their experiences, ask questions, and provide advice about visiting Romania.

YouTube Channels & Videos

Explore Romania through these travel vlogs and documentaries:

  • Romania Tourism – The official tourism channel showcasing the country’s attractions, culture, and heritage.
  • Rick Steves’ Europe - Romania – A travel documentary offering insights into Romania’s culture, travel tips, and must-see destinations.

Instagram Feeds

These Instagram accounts highlight Romania’s landscapes, culture, and urban life:

  • @visit_romania – An account showcasing the beauty and diversity of Romania.
  • @romaniatourism – Features stunning photos of Romania’s cityscapes and cultural heritage.

Newspapers

Stay updated with Romania’s latest news through these newspapers:

  • Romania Insider – An English-language news source providing national and international news related to Romania.
  • The Romania Journal – Offers news coverage on current events, politics, and society in Romania.

Other Useful Websites

Travel Guides

These websites offer detailed travel guides for Romania:

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