Moldova

Moldova is a country of rolling vineyards, hidden monasteries, and Soviet-era remnants. Chișinău, the capital, mixes leafy parks with Brutalist architecture, while Orheiul Vechi, an ancient cave monastery, reveals the country’s deep spiritual roots. Wine is Moldova’s pride, with underground cellars at Cricova and Milestii Mici storing some of the world’s largest collections. The breakaway region of Transnistria feels frozen in time, with Lenin statues and Soviet nostalgia. Traditional Moldovan cuisine, with dishes like mămăligă and stuffed peppers, reflects Romanian and Slavic influences. Off the beaten path but rich in history and hospitality, Moldova is a hidden gem for curious travelers.

Families flock to the Chisinau Lake to relax and enjoy the scenery, while others opt to explore the vineyards and wine-cellars all over the country. Other popular attractions are Benderi, a picturesque historic town; bustling open-air markets and the cultural museums that dot the capital. It may not be as famous as other European destinations, but for tourists seeking a taste of Europe without the usual crowds, Moldova is worth checking out, if only for the wine.

Most visitors come to explore the capital city, Chișinău, which offers a mix of Soviet-era buildings, leafy parks, and cultural sites like the Stefan Cel Mare Park, Nativity Cathedral, and the National History Museum. The country is also home to the famous Cricova Winery, one of the largest wine cellars in the world, where visitors can explore underground tunnels and sample some of the finest Moldovan wines. Orheiul Vechi, an ancient cave complex and archaeological site, is another major attraction, offering a glimpse into Moldova’s history. The countryside is dotted with charming villages and vineyards, making Moldova an ideal destination for wine enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

Moldova is an affordable destination, with a variety of accommodation options ranging from budget guesthouses to mid-range hotels. Moldovan cuisine is heavily influenced by both Romanian and Slavic traditions, with dishes like mămăligă (cornmeal porridge), sarmale (cabbage rolls), and placinta (pastry) being common staples. Moldova is also known for its wines, particularly fetească and viorica varieties, which are produced in the country’s many vineyards. Dining out is very affordable, particularly in local restaurants or markets, where you can enjoy hearty meals at reasonable prices.

Getting around Moldova is simple and affordable. Public transport in cities like Chișinău includes buses and trolleys, while marshrutkas (shared minibuses) connect smaller towns and villages. For more flexibility, renting a car is a popular option for exploring the countryside, visiting wineries, or discovering the country’s historical sites. Cycling is also becoming more popular in rural areas. Romanian and Russian are the most commonly spoken languages, but Moldovan (a variant of Romanian) is the official language. English is less widely spoken outside of tourist areas. Moldova is considered a safe destination, with a low crime rate and friendly locals who are happy to share their country’s history and culture.

Why Go to Moldova?

• Chișinău’s Soviet Heritage & Culture: Explore Chișinău, the capital, with its Soviet-era buildings, parks, and cultural sites like the National History Museum and Nativity Cathedral.
• Cricova Winery & Wine Tourism: Visit Cricova Winery, one of the largest wine cellars in the world, and sample Moldova’s famous wines, particularly fetească and viorica varieties.
• Orheiul Vechi & Ancient Cave Complex: Discover Orheiul Vechi, an ancient cave complex and archaeological site that offers a fascinating glimpse into Moldova’s past.
• Moldovan Cuisine & Local Dishes: Taste traditional Moldovan dishes like mămăligă, sarmale, and placinta, and enjoy locally produced wines and spirits.
• Moldovan Villages & Nature: Explore Moldova’s picturesque countryside, with its vineyards, charming villages, and scenic landscapes that are perfect for hiking and cycling.
• Historical Sites & Monasteries: Visit ancient monasteries and historical landmarks like the Căpriana Monastery and the Tipova Monastery to learn more about Moldova’s religious heritage.

Start in Chișinău, the capital city, which is the political and cultural center of the country. While the city is modernizing, it still retains an old-world charm with tree-lined streets, Soviet-era architecture, and historical landmarks. Stefan Cel Mare Park, located in the city center, is perfect for a stroll and features the Stephen the Great Monument. Muzeul Național de Istorie a Moldovei (National Museum of History of Moldova) is a must-visit to learn about the country’s past, from ancient times to its Soviet era.

For a glimpse into Moldova’s religious history, head to Orheiul Vechi, a medieval cave complex located in a scenic gorge. The site includes ancient monasteries carved into the cliffs, and its picturesque surroundings make it one of Moldova’s top attractions. The nearby Curchi Monastery, known for its beautiful architecture, is also worth a visit.

Tiraspol, located in the breakaway region of Transnistria, offers a unique, somewhat surreal experience. This self-declared independent region still carries Soviet-era symbols, including statues of Lenin, and the city feels like a step back in time. While the region is not widely recognized internationally, visiting Tiraspol offers an intriguing look at a country that still feels caught between past and present.

Moldova is also known for its wine culture, and a trip to the Cricova Winery is a must for wine lovers. Cricova is home to one of the largest wine cellars in the world, stretching for over 120 kilometers underground. Here, you can taste Moldova’s famous wines and learn about the country’s deep-rooted winemaking traditions. Similarly, Purcari Winery, located in the wine region, is renowned for its award-winning wines.

For a peaceful escape, head to Lake Beleu, located near the town of Cahul in southern Moldova. The lake is part of the Lower Prut Nature Reserve, a serene area known for birdwatching, fishing, and outdoor activities.

Highlights

• Chișinău – The capital city, known for its Soviet-era architecture, parks, and cultural landmarks.
• Orheiul Vechi – A historical complex with cave monasteries and ancient ruins in a scenic gorge.
• Tiraspol – A city in the self-declared Transnistrian Republic, with Soviet-era architecture and a unique atmosphere.
• Cricova Winery – One of the largest and most famous wine cellars in the world, offering wine tastings and tours.
• Lake Beleu – A serene lake in southern Moldova, perfect for nature lovers and outdoor activities.

Top Cities & Towns

• Chișinău – A modernizing capital with a blend of Soviet and local architecture, parks, and museums.
• Tiraspol – A city frozen in time, with Soviet-era monuments, statues, and architecture.
• Bălți – Moldova’s second-largest city, known for its parks, cultural institutions, and Soviet influence.
• Cahul – A southern town known for its proximity to Lake Beleu and outdoor activities.
• Soroca – A town known for the Soroca Fortress and its charming riverside setting.

Nature & Outdoor Adventure

• Orheiul Vechi – A historical site with ancient cave monasteries, scenic views, and hiking opportunities.
• Lake Beleu – A peaceful lake surrounded by nature, ideal for birdwatching, fishing, and outdoor relaxation.
• Lower Prut Nature Reserve – A protected natural area perfect for birdwatching, hiking, and nature walks.
• Codru Forest – A forest reserve offering hiking trails and opportunities to explore Moldova’s natural beauty.
• Dniester River – The river offers boat tours, fishing, and scenic views along its course through Moldova.

Historical & Cultural Sites

• Orheiul Vechi – A historical site with cave monasteries, ancient ruins, and cultural significance.
• Cricova Winery – A wine cellar complex with an extensive history, offering tours and tastings.
• Tiraspol – The capital of Transnistria, with Soviet-era architecture and museums reflecting the region’s unique history.
• Soroca Fortress – A medieval fortress along the Dniester River, offering a glimpse into Moldova’s defensive past.
• Curchi Monastery – A stunning monastery complex known for its beautiful architecture and tranquil setting.

Unique Experiences

• Tour Cricova Winery – Explore one of the largest wine cellars in the world and sample Moldova’s famous wines.
• Visit Tiraspol – Step back in time and explore a city with Soviet monuments and a unique atmosphere.
• Relax by Lake Beleu – Spend a peaceful day by the lake, surrounded by nature and perfect for outdoor activities.
• Hike in Orheiul Vechi – Discover ancient cave monasteries and enjoy stunning views in this UNESCO-listed historical site.
• Explore Soroca Fortress – Visit this medieval fortress and enjoy panoramic views of the Dniester River.

Moldova is a hidden gem in Eastern Europe, offering rich history, charming landscapes, and unique experiences. Whether you’re exploring the vibrant streets of Chișinău, tasting wines in Cricova, or hiking in the Orheiul Vechi complex, Moldova offers a memorable and diverse travel experience.

In the capital, Chișinău, visitors can explore grand Soviet-era boulevards, leafy parks, and historic landmarks like the Triumphal Arch and Nativity Cathedral. The city’s vibrant markets, such as the bustling Central Market, showcase local flavors, while its underground bars and cafés highlight Moldova’s emerging wine culture. Nearby, the haunting ruins of Orheiul Vechi, an ancient cave monastery set in a dramatic limestone valley, provide a glimpse into Moldova’s medieval past.

Beyond the capital, Moldova’s wine country is its biggest draw. The massive underground wine cellars of Cricova and Mileștii Mici, home to some of the world’s largest wine collections, offer unforgettable tasting experiences. The scenic vineyards of Purcari produce world-renowned wines, continuing a tradition that dates back centuries. For history lovers, the breakaway region of Transnistria feels like a Soviet time capsule, with Lenin statues and Soviet-style government buildings in its capital, Tiraspol. In the countryside, the hilltop Saharna Monastery and the remote Tipova Monastery provide peaceful retreats with stunning natural surroundings.

• Scuba Diving: As a landlocked country, Moldova does not offer any scuba diving opportunities. However, nearby lakes and rivers provide options for boating and fishing.
• Motorcycle Touring: Moldova’s scenic countryside and rolling hills make for pleasant motorcycle rides, particularly through the Orheiul Vechi region and the rural roads connecting historic monasteries and wineries.
• Nightlife & Partying: Chișinău has a small but lively nightlife scene, with clubs, bars, and lounges that cater to a mix of locals and visitors. While not as vibrant as other European capitals, the city has a selection of live music venues and nightclubs.
• Rock Climbing: Moldova does not have large mountains, but some small rock-climbing opportunities exist in the Orheiul Vechi region, where limestone formations provide a few climbing routes.
• Bicycle Touring: Cycling through Moldova’s countryside is a rewarding experience, particularly in the Codru forests and around the wine regions of Cricova and Purcari.
• Golfing: Moldova has very few golf courses, and the sport is not widely popular. There are some small driving ranges near Chișinău, but golf is not a major activity in the country.
• Shopping: Moldova offers a range of local crafts, including handmade carpets, traditional embroidered clothing, and unique wines. The central markets in Chișinău provide a great shopping experience for authentic Moldovan products.
• Trekking: Moldova’s hiking opportunities revolve around its rolling hills and nature reserves, particularly in the Codru Forest and Orheiul Vechi. These areas offer beautiful trails with scenic views of river valleys and historic sites.
• Mountain Biking: While Moldova lacks mountainous terrain, its forests and countryside offer some enjoyable off-road biking trails, especially in the Răzeni and Codru regions.
• White Water Rafting: Moldova has no significant white-water rafting opportunities due to the lack of fast-flowing rivers.
• Wind Surfing: Moldova’s lakes, such as Lake Ghidighici, offer some opportunities for windsurfing, but conditions are not ideal compared to coastal regions in neighboring countries.

Cultural Experiences

Moldova’s culture is a blend of Romanian, Russian, and Soviet influences. From ancient monasteries to modern-day traditions, the country offers fascinating cultural sites and events.

• Exploring the Orheiul Vechi Monastic Complex: This ancient cave monastery, set in a dramatic limestone cliff, is one of Moldova’s most significant historical and religious sites. The complex also offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside.
• Visiting the Cricova Wine Cellars: One of the largest underground wine cellars in the world, Cricova is famous for its extensive tunnels, which store millions of bottles of wine. Visitors can tour the cellars and sample Moldova’s finest vintages.
• Discovering the Capriana Monastery: One of Moldova’s oldest monasteries, Capriana is surrounded by rolling hills and forests, offering a peaceful retreat with beautiful religious frescoes and architecture.
• Exploring Chișinău’s Soviet Heritage: The capital is home to many remnants of Soviet architecture, including the Triumphal Arch, the Presidential Palace, and Victory Memorial Park. A stroll through the city offers a glimpse into Moldova’s complex past.
• Experiencing the National Museum of History in Chișinău: This museum provides an excellent overview of Moldova’s history, from prehistoric artifacts to Soviet-era exhibits, giving visitors insight into the country’s cultural evolution.

Natural Experiences

Moldova’s natural beauty is often overlooked, but its forests, rolling hills, and nature reserves offer plenty of opportunities for outdoor exploration.

• Hiking in the Codru Nature Reserve: The Codru Forest, Moldova’s oldest and largest nature reserve, is home to diverse flora and fauna. The reserve has several well-marked trails, making it a great spot for hiking and wildlife watching.
• Exploring the Saharna Monastery and Waterfalls: Located in a scenic valley, the Saharna Monastery is one of Moldova’s most beautiful pilgrimage sites. The nearby waterfalls add to the area’s natural beauty, making it a perfect destination for a day trip.
• Visiting the Dniester River Valley: The Dniester River is one of Moldova’s most important waterways. It offers beautiful riverbanks, fishing opportunities, and small villages where visitors can experience traditional Moldovan life.
• Relaxing at Lake Ghidighici: This large lake near Chișinău is a popular spot for locals to relax, swim, or go boating. It’s one of the best places in Moldova to enjoy a peaceful day by the water.
• Birdwatching in Lower Dniester National Park: This wetland area is home to a variety of bird species, making it a great destination for nature lovers and photographers.

Urban Experiences

Moldova’s cities are small but full of history, with Soviet-era monuments, local markets, and charming old-world streets.

• Strolling Through Central Chișinău: The capital’s central district is home to parks, museums, and cafes. Visitors can explore Stephen the Great Central Park, the Chișinău Cathedral, and the bustling Piața Centrală market.
• Visiting the Autonomous Region of Gagauzia: This unique region is home to the Gagauz people, a Turkic ethnic group with a distinct language and culture. The capital, Comrat, offers insight into their traditions and history.
• Exploring Bender Fortress in Transnistria: Located in the breakaway region of Transnistria, this 16th-century fortress played a key role in Moldova’s history. The surrounding area still feels like a Soviet time capsule.
• Experiencing Tiraspol, the Soviet Time Capsule: The capital of Transnistria, a self-proclaimed republic, retains a strong Soviet feel, with Lenin statues, old military equipment, and a very different political atmosphere from the rest of Moldova.
• Sampling Local Cuisine in Chișinău: Traditional Moldovan food includes dishes like placinte (savory pastries), mămăligă (cornmeal porridge), and various homemade wines. Many restaurants in the capital serve authentic, hearty Moldovan meals.

Unique Experiences

Moldova is full of unusual experiences that highlight its Soviet past, deep winemaking tradition, and rich folklore.

• Touring the Milestii Mici Wine Cellars: Recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest wine cellar in the world, Milestii Mici has over 200 km of underground tunnels filled with aging wine bottles.
• Exploring the Old Orhei Open-Air Museum: This archaeological complex includes ancient fortifications, monasteries, and caves, offering a glimpse into Moldova’s early civilizations.
• Taking a Soviet-Era Train Ride to Transnistria: The slow-moving, Soviet-era trains between Moldova and Transnistria provide a nostalgic journey back in time, complete with old-fashioned carriages and Soviet decor.
• Participating in the National Wine Day Festival: Held in October, this festival celebrates Moldova’s long winemaking history with tastings, traditional music, and cultural performances in Chișinău.
• Visiting the Soviet-Era Cosmic Memorial in Tiraspol: This unusual monument, dedicated to Soviet space achievements, reflects the region’s lingering Soviet nostalgia.

Weird and Wonderful

Moldova has its fair share of quirky attractions that make it a fascinating place to visit.

• The Lenin Statues of Transnistria: In most of Moldova, Soviet symbols have been removed, but in Transnistria, statues of Lenin still stand proudly in city squares.
• The Haunted House of Chișinău: This abandoned house in the city center is surrounded by ghost stories and urban legends, making it a curiosity for locals and visitors alike.

Taxis travel to most major cities and can be requested by telephone. You should negotiate the fare in advance, although some drivers will charge by the hour. Buses, minibuses and trolleybuses are also available, but they tend to be overcrowded and uncomfortable.

Moldova offers a mix of transportation options to help travelers explore its historic cities, wine regions, and countryside villages. Buses and marshrutkas (shared minibuses) are the most common and affordable ways to travel between cities, while trains provide limited but scenic connections. Taxis and ride-sharing services are widely available in urban areas, and car rentals offer flexibility for visiting rural destinations.

Train

Moldova has a small but functional train network, operated by Calea Ferată din Moldova (CFM). While trains are cheap, they are generally slow and not as widely used as buses or marshrutkas for domestic travel.

• Chișinău to Bălți (3.5 hours): A train route to Moldova’s second-largest city, known for its regional markets and Soviet-era architecture.
• Chișinău to Tiraspol (1.5 hours): A train journey to Tiraspol, the capital of Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway region with Soviet influences.
• Chișinău to Iași, Romania (4 hours): A cross-border train connecting Moldova’s capital with Iași, one of Romania’s major cities.

Trains in Moldova are affordable, but due to their slow speed and limited coverage, buses or marshrutkas are often more practical for domestic travel.

Bus

Buses are the most common and affordable mode of transport in Moldova, with frequent routes connecting cities, towns, and villages. Intercity buses depart from the Chișinău North and South bus stations, with both public and private operators running services.

• Chișinău to Orhei (1 hour): A bus route to Orhei, home to the Orheiul Vechi Monastery Complex.
• Chișinău to Soroca (3.5 hours): A bus ride to Soroca, known for its medieval Soroca Fortress and hilltop Roma district.
• Chișinău to Comrat (2.5 hours): A route to the Gagauz region, an autonomous area with Turkic cultural influences.

Buses in Moldova are frequent, affordable, and the most reliable option for getting between cities and regions.

Marshrutka (Minibus)

Marshrutkas (shared minibuses) are a fast and cheap alternative to buses, operating on fixed routes but with flexible stops. They are widely used across Moldova for both urban and intercity travel.

• Chișinău to Tiraspol (1 hour): A marshrutka ride to Transnistria, popular for travelers looking to experience its Soviet-era charm.
• Chișinău to Criuleni (45 minutes): A quick ride to Criuleni, a town along the Dniester River.
• Bălți to Edineț (1.5 hours): A marshrutka route to Edineț, near the northern wine regions.

Marshrutkas are faster than buses but can be crowded and less comfortable for long journeys.

Car Rental

Renting a car is one of the best ways to explore Moldova’s wine regions, national parks, and remote villages. The road network is mostly well-maintained, but some rural roads can be unpaved and rough.

• Renting a car in Chișinău allows easy access to Milestii Mici, Purcari Winery, and Orheiul Vechi.
• Driving to Moldova’s northern regions provides the opportunity to explore Soroca, Edineț, and the Codru Forest Reserve.

Car rentals provide flexibility, but driving in rural areas can be challenging due to poor signage and uneven roads.

Ride Share

Ride-sharing services like Yandex.Taxi and Bolt operate in Chișinău and a few other cities, offering an affordable and convenient alternative to taxis.

• Bolt is widely used in Chișinău, providing rides for short distances within the city.
• Yandex.Taxi is also available in Chișinău and sometimes in Bălți.

For short trips within cities, ride-sharing services are generally cheaper and more reliable than taxis.

Ferries

Moldova is a landlocked country, but small river ferries operate along the Dniester River, primarily for local transport rather than long-distance travel.

• Soroca to Cosăuți Ferry: A short river ferry across the Dniester River near the Ukrainian border.

Ferries are scenic but are limited in routes and mainly used for local crossings.

Air

Flying is unnecessary for domestic travel in Moldova due to the country’s small size, but Chișinău International Airport (KIV) offers international connections.

• Chișinău to Bucharest (1 hour): A frequent flight to Romania’s capital, ideal for connections to Western Europe.
• Chișinău to Istanbul (2 hours): A popular route for travelers heading to Turkey.

For domestic travel, buses and marshrutkas are more practical than flying.

Taxis

Taxis are available in Chișinău, Bălți, and other major cities. While taxis are convenient, they are often more expensive than ride-sharing services.

• Taxis in Chișinău should be booked via phone or app to avoid overcharging.
• Bălți and other cities have taxis, but Bolt or Yandex.Taxi are often cheaper.

Taxis are useful for quick trips, but ride-sharing services tend to be more affordable.

Public Transport in Cities

Public transport in Chișinău consists of buses, trolleybuses, and marshrutkas, making it easy to get around.

• Trolleybuses in Chișinău: The cheapest way to travel in the capital, with extensive routes covering the city center and suburbs.
• Buses and Marshrutkas: Buses serve the main districts, while marshrutkas provide faster transport within urban areas.

Public transport in Chișinău is cheap and widely available, making it the best option for city travel.

There are very few health risks in Moldova, although some embassies recommend immunization against typhoid. Rabies is also present, so steer clear of stray and crazy dogs. Mains water may be chlorinated, so drink bottled water. Most fruits, vegetables, meat and poultry are safe to eat. There are good medical facilities in Chisinau, but some hospitals lack facilities in rural areas.

The threat of terrorism is low, but petty thefts and street crimes are common in Chisinau. Don’t flash your cash or don your Rolex here, and if you’re going out at night, bring a flashlight or small torch with you as some streets are poorly lit and you could end up head over heels in a pothole, especially after too many bottles of wine.

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, bag snatching, and phone theft, can occur in busy areas like Chisinau, particularly in markets, public transport, and crowded spaces. Violent crime is rare, but scams and corruption can sometimes be issues, particularly when dealing with unlicensed taxis or unofficial money exchanges.

Health risks in Moldova are minimal, though healthcare facilities are not as modern as those in Western Europe. Tap water is not always safe to drink, particularly outside of major cities, so bottled or filtered water is recommended. Food hygiene is generally good in restaurants, but street food and smaller establishments may pose a higher risk of foodborne illness. Moldova’s healthcare system is adequate in Chisinau but limited in rural areas. Travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is strongly advised, especially for those traveling outside the capital.

Scams & Petty Crime: Pickpocketing and bag snatching can occur in crowded places such as Chisinau’s central market or bus stations. Unlicensed taxis and unofficial currency exchange services may try to overcharge tourists or provide counterfeit bills. Travelers should use official taxis, avoid flashing valuables, and exchange money at reputable banks or exchange offices.

Political Unrest: Moldova is generally stable, but political tensions exist, particularly concerning the breakaway region of Transnistria, which operates independently with Russian support. While conflict is unlikely, travelers should avoid political discussions and demonstrations. Visiting Transnistria requires additional caution, as law enforcement there operates separately from Moldova.

Diseases: Moldova has a low risk of diseases, but foodborne illnesses can occur due to inconsistent hygiene standards in rural areas or small eateries. Tap water is not always safe to drink, so bottled water is recommended, particularly outside major cities. Tick-borne diseases are present in forested regions during warmer months, so precautions should be taken when hiking.

Health Facilities: Healthcare in Chisinau is adequate for basic needs but may not meet Western standards for complex medical issues. Rural healthcare is more limited, with outdated facilities and a shortage of medical professionals. Travelers should have medical insurance that covers emergency treatment and evacuation if necessary.

Road Conditions: Moldova’s road conditions vary, with well-maintained roads in Chisinau but deteriorating conditions in rural areas. Many roads outside the capital are poorly lit, potholed, and lack clear signage. Public transportation is available but can be unreliable, with old buses and minibuses (marshrutkas) being the primary means of intercity travel.

Food & Water: Tap water is not always safe to drink, particularly in rural areas, so bottled or filtered water is recommended. Food hygiene standards in major restaurants are generally good, but caution should be taken when eating from street vendors or small establishments. Freshly prepared food is always the best option to avoid foodborne illness.

Nature’s Fury: Moldova is not prone to major natural disasters, though heavy rains can cause localized flooding, particularly in low-lying areas. The country experiences occasional cold snaps in winter and heat waves in summer. Travelers should check weather conditions before visiting, particularly during extreme temperature fluctuations.

Moldova has a complex history shaped by various empires, including the Ottomans, Russians, and Romanians, with the country becoming an independent republic only in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Today, Moldova is a developing country, with an emerging tourism industry, while its rich cultural heritage and connections to Romania and Russia remain central to its identity.

Food

Moldovan cuisine is influenced by its Slavic, Romanian, and Ottoman heritage, featuring hearty, flavorful dishes made from fresh and local ingredients. The food often centers around cornmeal, potatoes, meat, and dairy, with a focus on cabbage and root vegetables. Moldovan cuisine is both comforting and satisfying, making use of seasonal ingredients in a variety of traditional recipes. Moldovan wine is also world-renowned, and it plays an essential role in the local culture.

Language

The official language of Moldova is Romanian, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population. The language is almost identical to the Romanian spoken in Romania, though some differences in accent and vocabulary exist. Russian is also widely spoken, especially among the Russian-speaking minority and in the Gagauz regions. Moldovan is sometimes used to refer to the language in official contexts, but it is essentially the same as Romanian. Many Moldovans also speak Ukrainian or Gagauz in certain regions. English is becoming more common, particularly among younger people in cities.

History

Moldova has a long and varied history, influenced by its geographical location between Eastern Europe and Russia. The area was historically part of Romania, and it was known as the Principality of Moldavia in the Middle Ages. In the 19th century, Moldova was annexed by the Russian Empire and later became part of the Soviet Union. After gaining independence in 1991, Moldova has struggled with political and economic challenges, including the ongoing conflict in Transnistria, a breakaway region in the east.

Despite these challenges, Moldova has worked towards democratic development and economic modernization. It remains closely tied to both Romania and Russia, which influence its political and cultural landscape. The country is still developing its tourism infrastructure, and while it may not yet be a top destination for international tourists, it offers a unique glimpse into Eastern European life.