Life on the Road

Changing Money

• compare rates when exchanging money, as commissions vary greatly from place to place. Large hotels tend to have the worst exchange rates, although you can almost always find an exchange depot there.
• before you enter another country (ie. if you were going from Italy to Greece), get the next country’s currency. If you arrive in the next country on a holiday or at night, you will not be able to get money at a bank, currency exchange or store. You will need the money for the hostel or for food, so why not guarantee that you will have it ahead of time. About $25 American usually works for us.
• watch out for exchange bureaus that offer extremely low exchange rates. They may have high service charges to make up for the difference.
• banks usually have the best exchange rates and lowest fees — the bigger the bank the better. Money-changing booths and other smaller facilities usually have the worst, particularly at airports, borders and hostels.
• beware of black-market money exchanges. You may receive bills that are counterfeit or out of circulation, placed under authentic bills (in case you really could tell the difference).
• be cautious of local residents who claim that they can give you an excellent personal exchange rate. You may be setting yourself up for a robbery.
• try to change larger amounts of money less frequently rather than small amounts more frequently.  For example, change $100 at one time rather than $50 two times. This will cut down on service charges and fees. If you’re in a group, pool your money and get it all changed together for one fee.
• you may get a better deal by using your ATM card to withdraw cash rather than pay high service charges at an exchange bureau.

Cash

• look closely at foreign bills and coins before and after paying or receiving money. Because you will be dealing with a variety of currencies, all the numbers, colors and different sizes will be unfamiliar to you.
• if you are leaving a country that you will not be returning to, and you have a pocket full of coins, either cash them in before you leave or spend them. They’re not worth much in the next country. As well, most foreign money exchange services will not accept coin currency.
• don’t accept torn bills or those with missing pieces. You may have difficulty spending them.

Bargaining

Bargaining is a common practice in many parts of the world and can be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for travelers. However, it requires a certain level of cultural awareness and skill to do it effectively and respectfully.

Some people consider bargaining to be in bad taste, especially in developing countries where the difference in income between the seller and the buyer can be substantial. However, in many places there is no fixed price for any item; the bargaining process is necessary to determine the value of the item. Often foreigners who overpay enormously are seen not with affection or respect but rather with something closer to disdain. Sellers who get a far higher price from you than they would have accepted may wind up being very friendly to you, but it is the friendliness of a con man.

Here are three common but false beliefs about bargaining:

“We don’t bargain prices in developed countries.”: It’s quite common to ask a shop owner if he doesn’t have something “a little cheaper”. Consumer Reports magazine in the U.S. publishes an annual report on how to bargain for new and used cars. Any store that posts a sign saying “We will beat any competitor’s price” is saying, in effect, “My friend, I make a good price for you.” Even when prices are absolutely inflexible, we often look for a relative or friend “in the business” who can get us a special deal.

“There is a “true” price for any item that is somehow being hidden from us when we bargain.”: We know, in developed countries, that different stores charge different amounts for the same item and that the same store may change the price of an item during seasonal sales or when the store is in need of ready cash. The only difference in bargaining situations is that people usually don’t bother with the idea of a “Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price” or MSRP. Prices are decided by supply and demand, how much the merchant thinks you will ultimately pay and how much he thinks you want the item, the merchant’s situation at the time including his mood, his need for cash, how many sales he’s made that day, whether you arrived with an “agent” who needs to get a commission, whether you have a personal connection with him, and (this is often very important) how much he likes you. These factors can vary from buyer to buyer and from day to day.

“There is some kind of formula you can use to bargain with.”: Such a formula usually sounds like this: “You should offer 30% of the asking price and settle for 50%.” It is immediately obvious what the flaw is: having figured out the formula that people use the merchants will simply double their prices again so that they end up with twice what they would have accepted. In reality, some merchants may ask ten or twenty times what they would accept while others ask only ten percent more.

Bargaining Tips

• Research Beforehand: Learn about the local culture and customs regarding bargaining. In some countries, it’s expected and a part of everyday transactions, while in others, it might be considered rude.
• Know Where to Bargain: Bargaining is typically done in markets, bazaars, and with street vendors, but it’s less common in established retail stores and restaurants.
• Be Polite and Respectful: Approach bargaining with a friendly attitude. Smile, greet the vendor, and show interest in their goods. Building rapport can make the process more enjoyable for both parties.
• Stay Calm: Keep the negotiation light-hearted and avoid getting frustrated or angry if things don’t go your way.
• Do Your Research: Have an idea of what the item is worth. This will help you set a reasonable price range and avoid overpaying. Compare Prices: Look at similar items in different stalls or shops to get a sense of the market rate.
• Decide Your Limit: Know the maximum amount you are willing to pay for an item before you start bargaining and stick to it.
• Offer a Lower Price: Begin with an offer that is lower than what you are willing to pay, but not insultingly low. This gives you room to negotiate upwards.
• Be Prepared to Walk Away: If the vendor’s price is too high and they are unwilling to lower it, be ready to walk away. Often, this will lead to the vendor calling you back with a better offer.
• Learn Basic Phrases: Knowing a few words or phrases in the local language can go a long way. It shows respect and can sometimes get you a better deal. Use Numbers: If language is a barrier, write down your offer or show it on your phone calculator.
• Buy in Bulk: If you’re interested in multiple items, ask for a discount for buying in bulk. Vendors are often more willing to negotiate for a larger sale. Package Deals: Suggest a total price for several items instead of negotiating each item separately.
• Use Cash: Cash transactions are often preferred by vendors and can sometimes get you a better price. Have Exact Change: Carry small bills and coins to make transactions smoother and avoid the issue of the vendor not having change.
• Meet in the Middle: Be prepared to meet the vendor halfway. This shows you’re serious about buying and can often lead to a mutually acceptable price. Value the Experience: Sometimes, the experience of bargaining itself and the interaction with locals can be worth more than the actual savings.
• Accept the Final Price: If you reach an agreement, respect the price you’ve settled on. Don’t try to haggle further after agreeing and always thank the vendor at the end whatever the outcome.

Also don’t get caught up in the bargaining in a third-world country and forget how much home-currency you are bargaining over. I’ve seen tourists badgering an old lady doing laundry because they thought the price was too high. It may she wasn’t giving them the best price for locals, but they were arguing over a dollar or so in price.

Tipping

Tipping customs vary significantly around the world, and understanding the local etiquette can help you navigate this aspect of your travel smoothly

Before you travel, research the tipping practices of your destination. What is expected can range from not tipping at all to a standard percentage of the bill.

In many countries, a service charge is included in the bill. Check your receipt to see if this is the case. If a service charge is included, additional tipping is often not necessary, though it may be appreciated for exceptional service. Look for terms like “service charge” or “gratuity” on your bill to identify if a tip has already been added.

In some countries, it’s common to add the tip to your credit card bill. In others, cash tips are preferred even if you pay by card.

• Porters and Bellhops: Typically, tipping $1-$2 per bag is appropriate in most parts of the world. Housekeeping: Leaving a small daily tip (around $1-$5) for housekeeping staff is appreciated in many countries.
• Concierge: For special services like making reservations or booking tours, tipping the concierge $5-$20 is a good practice.
• Transportation Tips
• Taxis and Ride-Sharing: In many countries, rounding up the fare or tipping 10-15% is standard. In some places, like Japan, tipping taxi drivers is not expected.
• Tour Guides: A tip of $10-$20 per day is common for private guides, while group tours might involve a smaller tip per person.
• Restaurants and Cafes: Beyond just tipping for meals, consider leaving small tips for baristas, bartenders, and counter service if it is customary. Spas and Salons: Tipping 10-20% of the service cost is a common practice in many countries.

Tipping by Region

These are general guidelines, please check specific countries as they may differ.

• North America: In the United States and Canada, tipping is customary in most service industries. A typical tip for restaurant service is 15-20% of the bill. For other services like taxis, hairdressers, and hotel staff, tipping between $1-$5 is common.
• Europe: Tipping practices vary widely. In Western Europe, a 10-15% tip in restaurants is common, though service charges are often included in the bill. In Eastern Europe, tipping 10% is standard. For taxis and small services, rounding up the bill or leaving small change is often sufficient.
• Asia: Tipping is less common in many Asian countries. In Japan and China, tipping can be seen as rude. However, in tourist-heavy areas and upscale establishments, a small tip may be appreciated. In Southeast Asia, small tips for good service in restaurants and hotels are becoming more common.
• Australia and New Zealand: Tipping is not expected but is appreciated for exceptional service. Rounding up the bill or leaving a 10% tip in restaurants is generally sufficient.
• Latin America: Tipping practices vary. In Mexico and some South American countries, a 10-15% tip in restaurants is common. In other areas, tipping is less expected but still appreciated.
• Middle East and Africa: Tipping is generally expected in many Middle Eastern countries, often around 10-15% in restaurants. In Africa, tipping varies, but in tourist areas, a 10% tip is usually welcome.

Tips on Tipping

• Local Currency: Always tip in the local currency to make it easier for the recipient. Small Denominations: Carry small bills and coins for tipping purposes, as breaking larger bills can be inconvenient for service providers.
• Be Discreet: In cultures where tipping is not common or may be seen as rude, be discreet and respectful. Hand the tip directly to the service provider with a thank you.
• Avoid Assumptions: Don’t assume that the tipping practices from your home country apply everywhere. Being sensitive to local customs shows respect and helps ensure a positive travel experience.

Transportation in the rest of the world is very different then what we’re used to at home. Your options for transportation are quite varied and the longer your trip, the more different type of transportation you will probably end up using. It’s not just a means of getting from one place to another, it is part of the essence of travel.

By Air

Booking domestic flights within the country they are visiting can be a convenient way to cover long distances quickly. It’s advisable to book these flights in advance to secure better prices and availability, especially during peak travel seasons. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the baggage policies of domestic airlines, as they often have stricter weight limits and additional fees compared to international carriers. Smaller regional airports can sometimes offer more convenient access to certain destinations than larger international hubs, making domestic flights a valuable option for reaching less accessible areas. Always carry a copy of your itinerary and keep an eye on flight schedules, as changes can occur frequently.

• Book Ahead: Book domestic flights in advance for better deals. Use local airlines which may offer competitive prices and more frequent flights.
• Baggage Policies: Check the baggage policies as they may differ from international flights. Some budget airlines have strict weight limits and additional fees.
• Regional Airports: Be aware of smaller regional airports which can sometimes be closer to your destination than major hubs.

By Train

Trains are one of the easiest and most convenient ways to travel abroad. They exist in all but the most primitive countries and stop at the major cities of interest. The quality of train services vary from country to country. Europe is by far the most popular place to travel by train due to its convenience and wide-spread routes. Eurrail, Eurostar

Trains often offer more legroom and comfort compared to buses and flights. They also provide scenic routes and city center arrivals.

• Booking: Purchase tickets in advance, especially for high-speed or long-distance trains. Some countries offer rail passes (e.g., Eurail in Europe) which can be economical for frequent travel.
• Reservations: Make seat reservations where required. In some countries, high-speed and long-distance trains require advance seat reservations.

By Car

A car is the best way to get away from the touristy areas and get a feel for the rural parts of the country. Any town not connected by a train is bound to be quieter, more authentic and have less tourists in it, and a car is just the means to get there. We give tips for renting a car and international road safety.

Familiarize yourself with local driving laws and road signs. Be prepared for differences in driving styles and road conditions. Also, Understand the parking rules and fees in urban areas. Many cities have limited parking and strict regulations.

• International Driving Permit (IDP): Some countries require an IDP in addition to your home country’s driver’s license.
• Insurance: Ensure you have adequate insurance coverage. Check if your credit card offers rental car insurance.

By Bicycle

A bicycle is a great way to see the city and even get out into the country-side. A bike allows you to cover plenty of ground, yet still remain immersed in the country’s culture instead of racing by on a mechanized contraption, and you’ll see plenty as you peddle around. You are also able to go wherever you please, unlike a train or bus system.

• Bike Rentals: Rent bicycles from local shops or use bike-sharing services available in many cities.
• Safety Gear: Always wear a helmet and use lights and reflectors if riding at night.
• Bike Lanes and Paths: Use designated bike lanes and paths where available. Some cities are more bike-friendly than others.
• Security: Invest in a good lock and be mindful of where you park your bike to avoid theft.

By Bus

Buses offer one of the most affordable ways to travel, whether you are going from one city to another or simply traveling within a city. Depending on where you are headed, you may find buses to be very comfortable and easy to use, or crowded and downright scary. We take a look at the two main types of bus transportation: city-to-city buses and intra-city buses (those operating within a city).

Long-distance buses may offer amenities like Wi-Fi and reclining seats, but travel times can be longer than trains.

• Booking: For long-distance travel, book tickets in advance. Local buses usually do not require reservations.

By Boat

Traveling by boat can be a unique and scenic way to explore a country’s waterways, islands, and coastal regions. Ferries and small boats are often essential for reaching remote destinations and provide a picturesque alternative to road or air travel. Booking tickets in advance is recommended, particularly for popular routes or during peak travel seasons. Travelers should familiarize themselves with the schedules and safety protocols of the local ferry services.

• Routes and Schedules: Check ferry routes and schedules, particularly in island destinations or regions with significant waterways.
• Tickets: Book tickets in advance for popular routes to ensure availability.
• Safety: Familiarize yourself with the safety procedures on board and wear a life jacket if required.

Hitchhiking

Hitch-hiking is definitely the most affordable way to travel long distances but it comes with certain and serious risks. This method of travel can be, without a doubt, one of the most dangerous methods of getting around in our world today. You never know who is picking you up or what their mental state or intentions are. But hitching is a great opportunity to meet people and strike up some interesting conversation. You may even get a friendly invitation for a meal or a place to stay for the night. Just be cautious about who picks you up.

• Safety: Hitchhiking can be risky. It’s important to assess the safety of the area and consider traveling in pairs.
• Local Customs: Understand the local customs and legality of hitchhiking in the country you’re visiting.
• Signage: Use clear signage to indicate your destination, and always be polite and respectful to drivers.

Avoiding or minimizing health problems while abroad will be easier if you are prepared. Carrying the necessary “tools”, whether it is bandages or knowledge of a region, will definitely help you stay healthy. Here are some thoughts on avoiding health hazards in the first place. The most important things to be aware of are:

• Food: Be cautious with street food and choose restaurants with good hygiene standards. Opt for freshly cooked meals and avoid raw or undercooked foods, especially seafood and meats.
• Water: In many countries, tap water may not be safe to drink. Stick to bottled or purified water, and use it for brushing your teeth as well. Avoid ice in drinks unless you’re sure it’s made from purified water
• Insect Protection: In areas prone to mosquito-borne diseases like malaria or dengue fever, use insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin, wear long-sleeved clothing, and sleep under mosquito nets if necessary. Mosquitoes are your enemy!
• Stay Hydrated: Ensure you get plenty of rest and stay hydrated, especially in hot or humid climates.
• Keep Rested: Take breaks and avoid overexertion, particularly when adapting to new environments and altitudes.
• Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash your hands with soap and water, especially before eating. When soap and water are not available, use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.

Water is the most important substance you can put into your body. But it has to be the right kind - free of protozoa and other bacteria that your body isn’t used to. Water is essential to your body functioning correctly. It flushes out the bad stuff in your body and keeps your muscles and organs working efficiently. Drink lots of fluids in warm climates and watch out for dark-yellow urine, a sure sign of dehydration. Drink before you are thirsty.

It is also important to eat a balanced diet. Travelling by backpack on a budget, many travelers sacrifice their diet to save a few bucks. Make sure that you are getting the vitamins and minerals that your body needs. Buy fruits and vegetables at small markets to save money. If you are unsure of the quality of meats you can get plenty of protein from eggs, beans and nuts. Taking a small container of vitamins with you isn’t a bad idea, but make sure you keep them in the original vitamin container to prevent unnecessary hassles at borders (they may be mistaken as drugs).

When choosing foods, remember a popular rule — if you can cook it, boil it or peel it, you can eat it. Fruits that have peels are always a safe choice. Beware of fruits like watermelons. It is not unheard of for a vendor to inject water into these fruits to increase weight and thus, the price.

Don’t forget personal hygiene either. When you have a chance to have a warm shower, take it. The next one may be days away. As well, the simple matter of washing your hands regularly will do wonders at preventing many kinds of germs from entering your body.

If You Get Sick

If you do feel yourself getting sick, whether from a cold or even blisters, slow down and take some time to take care of yourself. Take inventory of your body and decide where your priorities lie. Slowing down for a few days to overcome an illness is a better alternative than struggling through a week of high-paced traveling while sick or injured.

Staying healthy and avoiding disease and physical accidents involves more than just eating properly and staying clean. The risks associated with even everyday maladies are escalated when traveling abroad. Many third world countries are not well prepared for serious injuries. A compound fracture while in the middle of Nowhere, Africa can quickly turn into a life-threatening injury. Never mind the thought of requiring a blood transfusion while in certain regions of the Dark Continent!

Medical facilities in some countries can be inefficient, may be staffed by poorly-trained personnel and often contain relatively primitive equipment. According to the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), health infrastructure in Africa may even be non-existent in some regions. If it becomes necessary to airlift you out of a region to a facility with higher-quality health care, the costs could run into the tens of thousands of dollars. Try to use common sense and assess the potential consequences of risky activities.

Also, be aware that many countries’ governments do not enforce any sort of regulations on the safety requirements of vehicles, food or even buildings (metal bars across fire-escape windows are not uncommon in larger Chinese cities). Check out that rental car or bus for yourself and seriously consider your options…if you have any.

For serious illness:

• Seek Medical Attention: If you feel unwell, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention. Many countries have high-quality healthcare facilities. If your illness is minor, pharmacies can often provide over-the-counter medications.
• Communicate Clearly: If you don’t speak the local language, having a translation app or a pre-written note in the local language explaining your symptoms can be very helpful. Some countries have English-speaking doctors, especially in tourist areas.
• Contact Your Insurance: Notify your travel insurance provider as soon as possible to understand your coverage and get assistance with medical care or evacuation if needed.
• Embassy Support: In case of serious illness, contact your home country’s embassy or consulate. They can provide advice, contact family members, and sometimes assist with finding medical care.

Diseases

International travelers should be aware of several common diseases that can affect their health during their journeys. Here are some key ones:

Traveler’s Diarrhea

Traveler’s diarrhea is a common ailment affecting international travelers, typically caused by consuming contaminated food or water. It manifests as frequent, loose stools, often accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Prevention measures include avoiding street food, drinking only bottled or boiled water, and practicing good hand hygiene to minimize the risk of infection.

• Cause: Contaminated food or water.
• Symptoms: Frequent, loose stools, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting.
• Prevention: Avoiding street food, drinking bottled or boiled water, and practicing good hand hygiene.
• Where: Traveler’s diarrhea is common in regions with lower sanitation standards, including parts of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

Malaria

Malaria is a serious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, nausea, and sweating, which can appear a week or more after the mosquito bite. Preventive measures involve taking antimalarial medications, using insect repellent, sleeping under mosquito nets, and staying in air-conditioned or well-screened accommodations.

• Cause: Plasmodium parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
• Symptoms: Fever, chills, headache, nausea, and sweating.
• Prevention: Antimalarial medications, insect repellent, and mosquito nets.
• Where: Malaria is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and some Pacific Islands.

Dengue Fever

Also known by the quaint name of Breakbone Fever, Dengue is a viral illness spread by Aedes mosquitoes, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. It presents with high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites through the use of repellent, protective clothing, and staying in screened or air-conditioned areas.

• Cause: Dengue virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
• Symptoms: High fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding.
• Prevention: Avoiding mosquito bites through repellent, protective clothing, and staying in screened or air-conditioned rooms.
• Where: Dengue fever is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas, including Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and parts of Africa.

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes, primarily found in Africa and South America. It causes fever, chills, headache, back pain, fatigue, jaundice, and bleeding. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, along with avoiding mosquito bites by using repellent and protective clothing.

• Cause: Yellow fever virus transmitted by Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes.
• Symptoms: Fever, chills, headache, back pain, fatigue, jaundice, and bleeding.
• Prevention: Vaccination and avoiding mosquito bites.
• Where: Yellow fever is endemic to tropical regions of Africa and South America.

Rabies

Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted through the bites or scratches of infected animals, so don’t go petting street dogs. Early symptoms include fever, headache, and general weakness, progressing to muscle spasms, paralysis, and hydrophobia (fear of water). Prevention includes pre-exposure vaccination for high-risk travelers and avoiding contact with potentially rabid animals.

• Cause: Rabies virus transmitted through bites or scratches from infected animals.
• Symptoms: Fever, headache, muscle spasms, paralysis, and hydrophobia (fear of water).
• Prevention: Vaccination and avoiding contact with potentially rabid animals.
• Where: Rabies is found worldwide, particularly in regions where rabies vaccination of domestic animals is not common, such as parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Traveling abroad does present certain risks, however it’s important to realize that risk abroad is very different from the armed robbery and drug-related crimes we hear about in the news. Physical assault is very rare when traveling, but opportunistic, non-violent theft is a concern and something that can be prevented. A traveler makes and inviting target, unless they are prepared and alert enough to avoid problem situations. Being prepared reduces your risk. Some general tips to keep safe:

• Stay Informed: Research common scams and safety tips specific to your destination. Websites like the U.S. Department of State or your home country’s travel advisory site provide useful information.
• Blend In: Avoid drawing attention to yourself as a tourist. Dress modestly and avoid flaunting expensive items.
• Trust Your Instincts: If a situation feels off, trust your gut and remove yourself from it.

Scams

It seems that each country you travel in has its own scam ‘specialty’, a favorite among the local thieves. It is true that some countries are free of scam artists and offer travelers nothing really to worry about. But other countries, like Egypt and Italy, have professional scam artists, people that make a living off of the unwary traveler. It is helpful to ask other travelers about popular local scams. Here are some of the more common scams encountered by travelers:

Street Scams:

• Distraction Techniques: Thieves may create a distraction (e.g., spilling something on you) while an accomplice steals your belongings. Travelers may be approached by several locals, who shove maps or cardboard below their face, blocking their view of their bag and pockets. Hold on to your belongings tightly and walk away.
• Petitions and Surveys: Scammers may ask you to sign a petition or take a survey to distract you and pickpocket you.
• Photo Scams: Even though someone tells you that you must pay them to take your camera into an attraction, it may not be true but rather a way to make more money for themselves
• Bag Snatchers: Bag snatchers often ride in pairs on scooters or mopeds for a quick snatch and get away. Carry your bag on the shoulder opposite from the street-side.
• Unwanted Guide: As you view a particular attraction, a local resident may strike up a friendly conversation with you and tell you about what it is you are looking at. As you move along, this person might then continue to share his knowledge about other interesting sights. However, after such an encounter, don’t be surprised to be asked for money for the ‘tour’ that you have just been given.

ATM Scams & Credit Card Scams:

• Skimming Devices: Be cautious when using ATMs. Use machines in well-lit, busy areas and check for tampering.
• Phishing Scams: Be wary of unsolicited emails or messages asking for personal or banking information.

Fake Officials:

• Impersonators: Scammers posing as police or government officials may ask for your passport or money. Always ask for identification and, if in doubt, offer to go with them to a police station.

Overcharge Scams:

• Restaurant Bill: Watch out for extra food charged on your food bill at restaurants
• Inflated Price: Beware of inflated prices when making purchases but don’t automatically assume that you are being ripped off. Unscrupulous merchants can sometimes take advantage when they know you are a tourist.
• Ship it Scam: Vendors who offer to ship your purchase home for you (or even wrap it in a sealed box for you) may switch the product when it is out of your sight, giving you a possibly broken, inferior or just plain different item than what you had paid for. You would probably not even notice the switch until you got home or were in some other difficult position to return the item.

Taxi Scams:

• Overcharging: Drivers may not use the meter or take longer routes. To avoid this, use reputable taxi services, agree on a fare before the journey, or use ride-sharing apps. It is extremely difficult to negotiate a price afterwards.
• Fake Taxis: Unlicensed taxis might overcharge or be unsafe. Always choose registered taxis or reputable ride-sharing services.
• Only Option: Cab drivers may try to convince you that there are no more buses or trains running (probably not true) so you feel that a cab is your only transportation option. Check for yourself or look for other means of finding out for sure.

Petty Crime

Regardless of whether you are at home or on the road, theft is an unfortunate fact of life. However, there is no doubt that we tend to be more conscious about the possibility of being robbed or having our stuff stolen while traveling. Strange surroundings combined with unfamiliar people and customs often give the traveler little time to stay ‘on guard’ and keep their belongings in check as they take in the sites and sounds of a new land.

Becoming paranoid is not the way to avoid becoming the victim of theft. Criminals can (and do) make a sustainable living by taking that which is not theirs. But by preventing the opportunity for a thief to prey on you, the risk is significantly reduced. Use some common sense and appear in control of what ever situation you are in: avoid looking lost or confused, pay attention to your surroundings and be discreet when using money or revealing your valuables. Combine this with the tips below and you will surely reduce your chances of getting ripped off by thieves:

• always use a concealed money belt for both your finances and your passport
• leave your jewelry at home
• wrap rubber bands around items in your pocket to slow down pick-pockets
• use the lockers and/or safety deposit boxes offered at some hotels and hostels with caution. Keep your real valuables with you at all times. Hostel/hotel convenience safes and lockers should only be used for replaceable items.
• don’t hang your backpack on the back of your chair when eating in restaurants. It could be rifled through in seconds by the person sitting behind you. Place it on the floor with one strap looped under your chair leg.
• always cooperate with a thief if you get mugged/robbed
• use a cable and lock to secure your backpack to something solid if you have to leave your bag in your hostel or on a train
• don’t assume that a locking hotel door is secure. Staff have keys too.
• leave your valuables at home. Backpacking with expensive watches and CD players will only make you more paranoid about being robbed.
• carry your daypack in front of you in crowded areas
• a prime time for thieves to strike is when you are getting on or off a bus or train. They may snatch your bag just as the vehicle is pulling away, leaving you helpless to get it back.
• try not to pull out any money from your money belt while in public. Keep some money in your front pocket to use. Use a washroom or other private area if you must access your money belt.
• when in train and bus stations, keep an eye on your bag at all times. It only takes a thief two seconds to grab your backpack and disappear into the crowd.
• thieves often work in teams of two or more — one distracts you while the other does the stealing
• cutting through your backpack is just as easy for a thief as unzipping or unfastening it
• don’t leave your daypack zipped onto the back of your backpack while carrying it. A thief could easily unzip and take your daypack without you even realizing it had happened.
• even the cutest children you meet may be looking to take advantage of you, particularly in developing countries
• if you are driving a rental car, don’t leave anything of value in plain view when you park it. Rental cars are common targets. Leave your glove box open and empty too.
• peering through the lens of a camera with the other eye shut is a perfect opportunity for a thief to pick your pockets or steal your backpack. Thieves will hang around popular attractions knowing that travelers will be taking plenty of photographs.

What to Do After a Theft

If you are a victim of theft, there are several things you should do right away. First, look around and see if you can find any remains of your belongings. Thieves will often take a bag and then just leave it after taking out what is valuable to them. Whether you find your bag or not, take inventory and try to find out exactly what was taken. If it was your daypack that was stolen, you probably had only select items in it. Then, report the theft to the local police and hope that they are remotely concerned about your misfortune. Be sure to obtain a file form from the police for insurance purposes.

If any traveler’s checks or credit cards were stolen, you will want to notify the appropriate agencies to cancel the cards and look into obtaining new checks. If your passport is taken, you should notify your embassy immediately. You do have copies of important documents and credit card phone numbers written down don’t you? Some embassies might even pay for your flight home if you can prove just how destitute you really are. At least, they can help you arrange to have money sent from home if that is what you require.

Although being a victim of theft is a major setback, it is truly not the end of your trip. Hopefully insurance will cover any valuables that were in your bag. Financially, if you are prepared ahead of time, you can obtain replacements and minimize your losses. The key is to be proactive and avoid becoming a victim of theft in the first place.

Crime Prevention

You can quickly have your entire travels spoiled by a lapse in concentration coupled with the light-fingered skills of an opportunistic thief. Preventing a crime from happening in the first place is certainly the best cure and there are many common sense things you can do to dissuade offenders.

Simply being aware of your surroundings, not wandering around dark alleys at night and not allowing yourself to be conned by street thugs are some main points. There are also many other tips to take heed of to help ensure a crime-free holiday.

• Know where you are and keep clear of unfamiliar places, especially at night.
• Be vigilant in crowded places like popular city attractions, bus and train stations, markets and at festivals.
• Be guarded when approached by a stranger on the street as thieves and conmen are adept at creating diversions to get the better of you.
• Always try to walk against the traffic flow in European towns (even when on a sidewalk) to help prevent bag-snatching from scooter riders.
• Try to travel light when out and about and always keep personal items hidden from sight.
• Don’t walk around flashing expensive jewelry and Rolex watches.
• Do not leave valuables on the table when having a meal, particularly money pouches, wallets and purses, cameras and mobile phones.
• Try to keep your backpack or handbag in front of your person when in crowded areas to help prevent bag-slashers from getting into your pockets.
• Keep a special eye on laptop computers.
• If you must wear a bum-bag, keep it hidden under clothing as it simply advertises to sharp-eyed criminals that you have valuables on your person.
• Don’t pull out wallets and purses in public to pay for bills, have a separate stash of small cash in easy-to-reach pockets.
• When out of a night try not to get drunk, especially when by yourself, as you will be an easier target.
• Don’t accept drinks from strangers at nightspots and never leave your drink unattended.
• Always keep the doors locked when driving and keep valuables out of sight. A car is more likely to be broken into when bags and valuables are on show.
• Consider taking a pair of flip-flops when visiting mosques and temples to save the possibility of having your shoes stolen.

Culture shock involves the feelings of disorientation and discomfort that arise when encountering a different culture. It can take even the most experienced of travelers by surprise, and there’s nothing worse than feeling homesick and disorientated amid a culture you are unfamiliar with. Luckily, there are a number of ways you can learn to better cope with integrating yourself when arriving somewhere for the first time.

Culture shock is the stress experienced by a traveler when no longer around the familiar customs of home. It is normal for travelers to experience some degree of anxiety when arriving in a country for the first time, with even the most seasoned travelers not immune to culture shock.

When traveling to another country, not only will the locals look and act differently to what you’re used to at home, but they will also likely speak a different language, eat different foods and practice different religions. You may also experience different weather and hygiene conditions, sounds and smells to those you are familiar with.
The good news about culture shock is that it usually quickly passes and in most cases, travelers experience nothing more than mild distress. Culture shock can even have a positive effect on travelers, making them more self-motivated. In severe cases, however, culture shock can affect people not just emotionally but physically, causing sleepiness, depression, homesickness and even mild sickness.

Coping Strategies

• Stay Informed: Before traveling, learn about the destination’s culture, customs, and social norms. Understanding what to expect can reduce the impact of culture shock.
• Language Skills: Learning basic phrases in the local language can help ease communication barriers and show respect for the local culture.
• Stay Connected: Keep in touch with family and friends back home for emotional support. Sharing your experiences can provide comfort and perspective.
• Build a Routine: Establishing a daily routine can provide a sense of normalcy and control in a new environment.
• Stay Open-Minded: Approach the new culture with curiosity and openness. Embrace differences and try to understand the reasons behind local customs and behaviors.
• Seek Social Support: Make an effort to connect with locals and other travelers. Joining groups or activities can provide a sense of community and belonging.
• Take Care of Yourself: Prioritize your physical and mental well-being. Eat well, exercise, and get enough rest.
• Be Patient: Give yourself time to adjust. Recognize that culture shock is a normal part of the travel experience and that it will diminish over time.
• Don’t Hide Indoors: Get out and meet the locals.
• Plan Ahead: Plan your transport and accommodation in advance so you aren’t overwhelmed upon arrival.
• Keep Open Minded: Don’t get easily offended and remain open-minded about the culture you are visiting.

While you may need a day of rest in your guest house or hotel room when you first arrive after a long journey, hiding indoors is no way to overcome culture shock. Get out and explore the area so that you can quickly get to grips with your travel destination and assimilate yourself into the culture. Most importantly, don’t forget to eat and rest properly.

You can minimize culture shock by reading up on your destination before leaving home so that you know what to expect. Make sure you have an immediate plan upon arrival, including transport from the airport and your first night’s accommodation, so that you don’t have too many challenges to contend with on day one.

Experienced travelers are usually better equipped to deal with the symptoms of culture shock but no one is completely resistant to it. There is even a condition known as reverse culture shock, which you may experience when you return home after a long period abroad.

Maintaining clothing and doing laundry are essential tasks for extended trips. Proper care of clothing ensures that travelers remain comfortable, presentable, and hygienic throughout their journey.

Laundry Facilities

Many accommodations, such as hotels, hostels, and vacation rentals, offer laundry services or have on-site laundry facilities. Check in advance if these services are available.

One word of warning - hotel laundry services are almost always way overpriced. If you find a place that does laundry outside the hotel you can usually save a lot of money.

Laundromats

In urban areas, laundromats (self-service laundry facilities) are widely available and often convenient. These are typically coin-operated or card-operated. They are charged per load so you probably only want to use them when you have a lot of laundry to do.

Hand Washing

In locations where laundry facilities are scarce or expensive, hand washing is a practical alternative. Bring a portable clothesline, travel-sized detergent, and a sink stopper to make hand washing easier.

Use a small amount of travel detergent or even shampoo in a pinch.

Fill a sink or basin with warm water, add detergent, and agitate the clothes. Soak for 15-30 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.

Another option that works really well is to have a dry-bag and put your clothes and soap in the bag to swish around and clean. You will need a dry bag (preferably a waterproof one with a roll-top closure). The process for it is fairly simple:

• Agitate the Clothes: Shake and knead the dry bag for a few minutes. This action mimics the agitation of a washing machine and helps to clean the clothes effectively. Spend about 5-10 minutes on this step, depending on how dirty the clothes are.
• Let It Soak (Optional): If your clothes are particularly dirty, you can let them soak in the soapy water for an additional 10-15 minutes after agitation.
• Rinse the Clothes: Open the dry bag and pour out the soapy water. Refill the bag with clean water and agitate the clothes again to rinse out the detergent. You may need to repeat this step a couple of times until the water runs clear and free of soap.

For drying - wring out excess water gently and hang clothes to dry on a portable clothesline or drying rack. Choose quick-drying fabrics to minimize drying time. You can also speed up the process by wrapping the clothes in a bath towel. Roll the towel and clothes together tightly, forming a cylinder. Make sure to keep the roll tight to apply pressure, which will help squeeze out the excess water.

• Routine: Establish a regular laundry schedule to avoid running out of clean clothes. Doing a small load every few days is often more manageable than waiting until you have a large pile.
• Weather Considerations: Plan laundry around the weather, as clothes will dry faster in warm, dry conditions. Indoor drying can take longer in humid climates.
• Stains: You can [ack a small stain removal stick or wipes to treat stains promptly and prevent them from setting in.
• Eco-Friendly Detergents: Use biodegradable, eco-friendly laundry detergents if possible to minimize your environmental impact.

Maintenance Tips

• Carry a small sewing kit with needles, thread, safety pins, and extra buttons to make quick repairs on the go.
• Keep shoes clean and in good condition by packing a small brush or cloth for wiping off dirt and dust. Consider using shoe bags to protect your footwear and other items in your luggage.

Staying connected while traveling is important for maintaining communication with family, friends, and colleagues, as well as for accessing important travel information.

Apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, and WeChat allow free messaging and calls over the internet, making them popular choices for international communication. Be mindful of time zone differences when scheduling calls or messages to avoid inconveniencing others. Apps like World Clock can help you keep track of different time zones and schedule communications more effectively.

Mobile Phones:

• International Roaming: Check with your home carrier about international roaming plans, which can be convenient but often expensive.
• Local SIM Cards: Purchasing a local SIM card upon arrival can provide more affordable rates for data, calls, and texts. Ensure your phone is unlocked before traveling.
• eSIMs: Some modern smartphones support eSIMs, allowing you to download a local plan without needing a physical SIM card.
• Check Your Phone Compatibility: Ensure your phone is compatible with the network frequencies of your destination country.
• Research Local Carriers: Before you travel, research the best local mobile carriers and their plans to find the most cost-effective option for your needs.
• Download Essential Apps: Install necessary communication apps, VPNs, and offline maps before departure to avoid issues with app stores in certain countries.
• Monitor Data Usage: Keep track of your data usage to avoid unexpected charges. Use Wi-Fi whenever possible and limit data-intensive activities like video streaming.

Internet Access

• Wi-Fi Hotspots: Many public places such as cafes, hotels, airports, and restaurants offer free Wi-Fi. However, these networks can be unsecured, so avoid accessing sensitive information without a VPN.
• Portable Wi-Fi Devices: Renting or purchasing a portable Wi-Fi hotspot can provide reliable internet access for multiple devices.
• Stay Secure: Use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) when connecting to public Wi-Fi to protect your data and privacy.

A tout is essentially someone, usually a man, hired to go out and recruit or bring in travelers to hostels or other sleeping arrangements. You might also find touts trying to convince you to come to ‘their’ stores, restaurants or market areas.

No matter what their goal is, you will no doubt come across these people in your travels. Touts are commonly found in tourist-heavy areas such as airports, train stations, bus terminals, popular attractions, and markets. They often approach travelers with offers for taxis, guided tours, hotel rooms, or tickets. They can be persistent and persuasive. Touts prey on travelers wearing backpacks, knowing that they will be needing a place to stay or food to eat.

Touts may offer services at inflated prices, far above the market rate. Services provided through touts may be of lower quality than promised, such as rundown hotels or poorly organized tours. They often receive commissions from businesses, meaning their recommendations are based on profit rather than quality.

Touts are especially prevalent when travelers arrive late at night or early in the morning. Pre-arranging transport and accommodation can help avoid this. Be particularly vigilant in areas known for high tourist traffic, where touts are more active.

Dealing With Touts

When dealing with touts, your best bet is to ask many, many questions before agreeing to anything. How far away is it? How big is the place? How much does it cost? Are there curfews? How many beds are available? What services or goods are offered? Keep in mind that these people are salesmen. They will tell you what you want to hear.

They may use a variety of tactics, including flattery, urgency, or false claims (e.g., stating that other services are unavailable or more expensive).

If you do agree to go with one of these guys, check the place out thoroughly when you get there. In our travel experiences, after agreeing with touts and allowing them to lead us to their hostel, hotel, shop, etc., we have been both pleasantly surprised and unbelievably disgusted.

• Stay Calm and Polite: Firmly but politely decline offers. Avoid engaging in lengthy conversations, which can encourage persistence.
• Do Your Research: Research and book services like transportation, accommodation, and tours in advance through reputable sources. This reduces the need to rely on touts.
• Use Official Channels: At airports or train stations, use official taxi stands or transportation desks to avoid touts.
• Verify Information: If approached by someone claiming to represent a business, verify their identity by contacting the business directly.
• Ignore Aggressive Tactics: Walk away from overly aggressive touts. Do not feel pressured to accept offers due to assertiveness or urgency.
• Seek Local Advice: Ask locals or fellow travelers for recommendations on reliable services and fair prices.
• Know the Market Rates: Familiarize yourself with the typical costs of services in the area to recognize when you are being overcharged.

I’ll never forget one experience we had late at night in Cairo, Egypt. As we pulled into the bus station in downtown Cairo, our bus was immediately surrounded by what must have been fifty men, all staring up into the tinted windows. As soon as the door opened and we stepped off the bus, my travel companions and I were grabbed by approximately ten men, all vying for our patronage at their hotel.

We were like raw meat being fed to starving wolves. Our backpacks were pulled…people were yelling at us…the touts even started arguing and yelling at each other over who was going to ‘get us.’ After endless refusals, we snuck off into the night on our own, barely escaping these men while our bus-mates were left struggling in the melee.