Indonesia

Despite its wealth of natural resources and potential to be a top tourist destination, Indonesia is struggling to reel in travelers. Home to the world’s largest Muslim population, the country has a fiery reputation and a turbulent history.

While caution is required in some areas, the country has too much to offer to be crossed off tourist agendas completely. Consisting of a large group of islands, Indonesia is a diverse destination with something to offer every type of traveler. Whether you are an adventurist or a sun seeker, you can get your fill in Indonesia.

The stunning island of Bali is undoubtedly one of the country’s greatest treasures, and despite a series of bombings, the island continues to thrive as one of Asia’s top destinations. Boasting outstanding natural beauty and a highly developed tourist infrastructure, Bali is a popular spot for couples and families, as well as backpackers.

Less developed than Bali but offering similar nature and beach life, the island of Lombok is another fantastic destination. This island is best suited to those who want to enjoy a view which isn’t obscured by crowds and commercialism.

While islands and beaches are the main attraction, there is much more to see and do in Indonesia. One such sight is Borobodur, which is an ancient Buddhist temple complex which rivals Angkor Wat in terms of size. There is also plenty of jungle to explore, and even more interesting is volcano trekking.

Jakarta may be the nation’s capital, but the fume-choked streets have little to hold tourists’ attention. Most travelers spend their time on the islands of Bali, Lombok and Sulawesi. Each island has its own distinct personality and travelers will notice the difference in culture, cuisine and nature as they travel between them.

Bali has some peaceful spots, but the island has been tainted by tourism. Crude commerciality blares from the resort town such as Kuta, and the beaches are covered with Western tourists sizzling in the hot sun. Away from the beach resorts there are nature parks which are great for travelers with kids in tow and large shopping centers to browse.

Lombok is an untainted version of Bali. This island is perfect for travelers seeking relaxation and an un-obscured view of Indonesia’s natural beauty. The island caters for all budgets, and accommodation ranges from backpacker-style hostels to five-star resorts. Scuba diving is a popular pastime and the nearby Gilli Islands are the perfect daytrip.

Sulawesi offers world-class diving and is home to a very diverse population, with eight languages spoken and a number of religions practiced including Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and animism. Other islands such as Papua and Kalimantan are largely unexplored and the ideal terrain for the serious adventurist.

Comprising of more than 18,000 islands, it isn’t surprising to find so much diversity in Indonesia. There are many cultural traditions such as shadow puppetry and batik which can be found throughout. While the country has suffered due to both natural (tsunami and earthquakes) and man-made atrocities, it still has plenty to offer travelers.

The island of Bali offers all the elements of a beach holiday, including a lively entertainment scene. Lombok is a more tranquil island, and particularly good for those who plan to scuba dive. Sulawesi also offers excellent diving and the local culture is interesting. The other islands are more remote but provide fantastic terrain for jungle trekking and those looking for a place less travelled.

Culture buffs will want to ditch the beaches and water sports for a trip to Borobodur, a UNESCO protected ancient Buddhist site on Java. Here visitors enjoy touring the many stupas that make up this site in between admiring amazing sunsets to the backdrop of Buddha images.

Families: Indonesia is family-friendly with beaches, wildlife parks, and cultural attractions. Bali is top for families thanks to resorts and kid-friendly tours, while Yogyakarta and Lombok also offer enriching, safe experiences.

Couples: Indonesia is incredibly romantic , think overwater bungalows in Raja Ampat, spa retreats in Ubud, and sunset dinners in Seminyak. Private island stays and luxury resorts make it a prime honeymoon destination.

Backpackers: Indonesia is legendary for backpackers , cheap hostels, well-trodden trails, and adventure everywhere. Popular spots include Bali, Gili Islands, Yogyakarta, and overland trips across Java and Sumatra.

Digital Nomads: Bali (especially Canggu and Ubud) is a digital nomad hotspot, offering coworking spaces, affordable living, and a vibrant community. Other cities like Jakarta and Yogyakarta also provide decent setups.

Luxury Travelers: Indonesia excels in luxury , private villas in Bali, liveaboard yachts in Komodo and Raja Ampat, and high-end eco-lodges across the archipelago. Service and settings are world-class.

Foodies: Indonesian cuisine is diverse and rich , nasi goreng, satay, rendang, sambal, and regional specialties. Yogyakarta, Padang, and Bali are must-visits for food lovers, with street food and fine dining both thriving.

Beach Bunnies: Indonesia’s beaches are world-famous , Bali, Gili Islands, Lombok, and the remote shores of Raja Ampat offer pristine sands and turquoise waters, from surfer spots to quiet coves.

Nature Buffs: Volcanoes, rainforests, coral reefs, and rice terraces , Indonesia’s nature is stunning. Trek Mount Bromo, explore jungles in Sumatra, or dive the reefs of Raja Ampat for unbeatable natural beauty.

History Buffs: Indonesia’s history includes Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Islamic sultanates, and Dutch colonialism. Sites like Borobudur, Prambanan, and Jakarta’s old town offer deep historical exploration.

Culture Vultures: Indonesia’s cultural richness spans shadow puppetry, gamelan music, traditional dance, and elaborate temples. Bali, Yogyakarta, and Toraja in Sulawesi are top spots for cultural immersion.

Adventure Seekers: Scuba diving, volcano trekking, surfing, paragliding, and jungle trekking abound. Highlights include diving in Komodo, climbing Mount Rinjani, and caving in Yogyakarta.

Solo Travelers: Indonesia is friendly and easy to navigate solo, especially in well-traveled areas like Bali and Yogyakarta. Group tours and social hostels make it easy to meet others, though rural areas require more planning.

Party Animals: Bali (especially Kuta, Seminyak, and Canggu) has a famous nightlife scene, with beach clubs, bars, and festivals. Elsewhere, nightlife is quieter but present in major cities.

Wildlife Watchers: Indonesia is home to Komodo dragons, orangutans, sea turtles, and rich marine life. Visit Komodo National Park, Bukit Lawang (Sumatra), and Raja Ampat for top wildlife experiences.

LGBTQ+: Bali is welcoming and has a visible LGBTQ+ scene, but elsewhere Indonesia is conservative. Legal protections are limited, and discretion is advised, particularly outside major tourist zones.

Why Go to Indonesia?

Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelago, offers an incredible array of natural wonders, cultural experiences, and adventure opportunities. From its pristine beaches and vibrant marine life to its ancient temples and bustling cities, Indonesia is a destination that captivates and inspires travelers.

• Bali: Known as the Island of the Gods, Bali is world-famous for its beautiful beaches, lush rice terraces, and vibrant arts scene. Whether you’re surfing in Kuta, exploring Ubud’s cultural heart, or relaxing in luxury resorts in Nusa Dua, Bali offers something for everyone.
• A Storied Landscape: The Indonesian archipelago stretches nearly 3,000 miles across the sea. The landscape is broad and varied, highlighted by surreal volcanic scenes like those at Krakatau or Gunung Bromo. Smoke pours from conical mountaintops, mists hang over prehistoric valleys and freshwater lakes and rivers stand in contrast to the pervasive seas. Whether engaging in adventure activities or merely admiring the view, Indonesia’s countryside is the perfect venue.
• Uncountable Beaches: It goes without saying that the world’s largest archipelago boasts an unbelievably rich coastline. The white sand beaches of Bali, Java and Papua are home to upscale resorts and limitless opportunities for sunbathing, swimming and water sports. Surfers on the professional circuit rave about Indonesia’s legendary breaks. Whether staying in a five-star resort or hiding away in a secluded bungalow, prepare for an idyllic beach holiday.
• Wildlife Spotting: Indonesia’s national parks are full of exotic wildlife species, including orangutan, komodo dragons (dragons!) and the tiny tarsier primate. Colorful tropical birds flit tree to tree in West Bali National Park, while Javan rhinoceroses can be seen at Uung Kulon National Park. In between is a range of rare and beautiful plants that thrive in tracts of virtually untouched forest.
• Colorful Festivals: Indonesia’s cultural heritage is rich and varied, beginning with the seeds of animism that eventually spread to include Hinduism and finally Islam. Locals observe the Islamic Ramadan fast as well as the Hindu Nyepi festival. The Bali Arts Festival or the Festival of Borobudur both present good opportunities for tourists to observe traditional dances and buy handicrafts direct from artisans. There are dozens of other cultural observances throughout the year.
• Trekking Among Volcanoes: The Indonesian backcountry is a paradise for trekkers. The infrastructure isn’t as developed as in Malaysia or Thailand so it’s a good idea to hire a guide (licensed when possible) when maps and trails aren’t sufficient. The jungle that flanks Mount Bromo is especially popular, while scaling volcanoes is the number one adventure sport on Java and Bali.
• Exploring the Reefs: Indonesia’s waters are overrun with coral reefs and tropical marine life. Bali, Java, Sumatra, Maluku and Papua are all especially popular for diving and snorkeling. Enthusiasts won’t want to miss the aquatic life teeming offshore of the Raja Ampat Islands, while the Liberty shipwreck off Tulamben is one of the world’s most popular wreck dive sites.
• Myriad Cultures: A surprising number of ethnic groups practice distinct cultural traditions and populate the many islands of the archipelago. Travelers are particularly drawn to the indigenous culture of the Dayak or Toraan people. Art, storytelling and dance are integral to the island’s oldest traditions, giving visitors plenty of opportunity to witness traditions unfolding.
• Mouth-watering Cuisine: Since its dominating role in the 15th century spice trade, Indonesia has been a center of culinary arts. Javanese food rates especially well with travelers for its fresh ingredients and lack of chili peppers. Depending on where you travel, the local cuisine reflects cooking traditions from India, Malaysia, China and even Europe.
• Budget Friendly: From budget hostels to luxurious resorts, Indonesia offers a wide range of accommodations to suit every budget. Delicious street food is also plentiful and inexpensive, allowing travelers to enjoy a variety of dishes without breaking the bank.

Who Might Not Enjoy Indonesia

• Travelers Sensitive to Heat, Humidity, and Tropical Rains: Indonesia is hot and humid year-round, with a pronounced rainy season (usually November to March), which can disrupt travel plans and make outdoor activities uncomfortable.

• Visitors Wanting Fast, Easy Transport Between Islands: Indonesia’s vast geography means flights or long ferry rides are required to move between islands. Inter-island transport can be time-consuming, expensive, and subject to delays.

• Luxury-Only Travelers in Remote Areas: While Bali and Jakarta offer high-end resorts and fine dining, many smaller islands and rural areas have simple accommodations and limited luxury services.

• Strict Vegetarians or Vegans Outside Major Hubs: Indonesian cuisine includes vegetarian dishes like gado-gado and tempeh, but meat, seafood, and fish sauce are common. In smaller towns, vegan-specific options may be hard to find.

• Tourists Hoping for Polished Infrastructure Everywhere: Indonesia’s infrastructure is uneven. While some areas are well-developed, others have poor road conditions, patchy electricity, and limited healthcare.

• Travelers Wanting Quiet, Uncrowded Beaches in Bali: Bali, Indonesia’s tourism hotspot, is heavily visited. Its famous beaches, temples, and towns can be crowded, particularly in high season.

• People Sensitive to Air Pollution: Jakarta and other urban areas can suffer from significant air pollution and traffic congestion, which may be uncomfortable for some travelers.

• Visitors Expecting Strong Internet Everywhere: Wi-Fi is generally good in cities and tourist areas, but in remote regions, connectivity can be slow, unreliable, or absent altogether.

• Those Uncomfortable with Religious and Cultural Norms: Indonesia is predominantly Muslim, with varying degrees of conservatism. In some regions, modest dress and respectful behavior are expected, and alcohol availability may be limited.

Indonesia is a vast and diverse archipelago of over 17,000 islands, offering everything from ancient temples and active volcanoes to world-class diving and pristine beaches. Each region has its own unique culture, landscapes, and experiences, making it a country that travelers can explore for months and still barely scratch the surface.

Most visitors start in Bali, Indonesia’s most famous island. Known for its mix of lush rice terraces, surf-friendly beaches, and deeply spiritual culture, Bali is a traveler’s paradise. The town of Ubud is a hub for arts, wellness, and traditional dance, while the southern beaches of Uluwatu, Canggu, and Seminyak offer a mix of surf culture and nightlife. For a quieter experience, the north and west coasts, including Munduk and Pemuteran, showcase Bali’s more traditional and scenic side.

Beyond Bali, Java is home to some of Indonesia’s most iconic historical and natural sites. Yogyakarta is the cultural heart of the island, where visitors can explore the spectacular Borobudur and Prambanan temples, two of the most impressive religious monuments in Southeast Asia. Mount Bromo and Ijen Crater offer dramatic volcanic landscapes, with eerie sulfuric blue flames and sweeping sunrise views that attract adventurous travelers. The chaotic capital, Jakarta, is a sprawling metropolis with colonial-era landmarks, vibrant street food, and a fast-paced energy, though it lacks the charm of other Indonesian destinations.

For nature lovers, Sumatra is a paradise of jungles, volcanoes, and wildlife. Bukit Lawang is one of the best places in the world to see wild orangutans, while Lake Toba, the largest volcanic lake on Earth, is a peaceful retreat with Batak cultural heritage. Further west, the Mentawai Islands offer some of the best surfing in the world.

Indonesia’s eastern islands remain less developed but offer incredible rewards for those willing to go further. Komodo National Park is home to the famous Komodo dragons, as well as world-class diving with manta rays and coral reefs. Flores boasts stunning beaches and the otherworldly colored lakes of Kelimutu Volcano. In Sulawesi, the Tana Toraja highlands showcase elaborate funeral rituals and traditional architecture, while the reefs around Bunaken and Wakatobi are among the best dive spots in the world.

For those looking for truly untouched paradise, Raja Ampat in West Papua is one of the most biodiverse marine regions on Earth. With crystal-clear waters, remote islands, and pristine coral reefs, it’s a dream destination for divers and nature lovers alike. Meanwhile, Lombok and the Gili Islands offer an alternative to Bali’s crowds, with stunning beaches, great diving, and the challenging trek up Mount Rinjani, Indonesia’s second-highest volcano.

Highlights

• Bali: This paradise-like island of peaceful and friendly locals, perfect beaches and dramatic scenery is the jewel in the country’s tourism crown. expect plenty of beer-drinking aussie blokes and sheila’s mate!
• Borobudur Temple: The world’s largest Buddhist temple, renowned for its intricate carvings and stunning sunrise views in Central Java.
• Komodo National Park: Home to the famous Komodo dragons and offering pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and world-class diving.
• Lombok: The next island east of bali is where you go to escape the tourists, best appreciated on a chartered boat. picture beaches all to yourself, azure waters and white sand.
• Bukit Lawang: Bukit lawang is a national park on sumatra, 90kms northwest of medan, in which adventurous travellers make a bee-line to seek out the orangutans and enjoy trekking, river tubing and a natural environment.
• Ubud Monkey Forest: A sacred sanctuary in Bali, inhabited by hundreds of long-tailed macaques amidst ancient temples and lush greenery.
• Mount Bromo: An active volcano in East Java, known for its dramatic landscape and spectacular sunrise treks.
• Raja Ampat Islands: An archipelago in West Papua, celebrated for its unparalleled marine biodiversity and top-notch diving spots.
• Lake Toba: The largest volcanic lake in the world, located in North Sumatra, surrounded by scenic landscapes and traditional Batak villages.
• Prambanan Temple: A magnificent Hindu temple complex in Yogyakarta, featuring towering spires and intricate stone carvings.
• Tana Toraja: A cultural region in Sulawesi, famous for its elaborate funeral rituals and traditional tongkonan houses.
• Bunaken National Park: A premier diving destination in North Sulawesi, known for its rich coral reefs and diverse marine life.
• Gili Islands: A trio of islands off the coast of Lombok, offering beautiful beaches, nightlife, and excellent snorkeling and diving.
• Kelimutu: A volcano in Flores, famous for its three colorful crater lakes that change hues due to volcanic gases and mineral reactions.

Top Cities

• Bandung: Known as the “Paris of Java” The capital of West Java, this city of nearly three million is surrounded by beautiful countryside and enjoys a comfortable climate
• Banjarmasin: Though largely forgotten today, South Kalimantan’s capital offers historical charm and unique culinary experiences
• Jakarta: An increasingly cosmopolitan city, Jakarta is congested, polluted and the national capital
• Jayapura: The biggest city and capital of Papua sees few foreign visitors despite being the main route into the province
• Medan: Indonesia’s fourth-biggest city is home to a rich ethnic and cultural mix that makes it a culinary delight, only really visited by tourists on their way to other destinations
• Ujung Pandang: Also known as Makassar and considered the gateway to Sulawesi
• Yogyakarta: The biggest tourist destination on Java offers a wide variety of cultural, historical and architectural attractions
• Denpasar: The capital of Bali, offering a mix of urban and traditional Balinese culture, with easy access to the island’s beautiful beaches and temples.
• Manado: The capital of North Sulawesi, famous for its diving spots in Bunaken National Park and its culinary scene.
• Palembang: One of the oldest cities in Indonesia, known for its history and the iconic Ampera Bridge over the Musi River.

Islands & Beaches

• Bali: One of the most famous seaside destinations in the world and the biggest tourist attraction in Indonesia
• Bunaken: Among the most popular diving and snorkeling sites in the country
• Java: The fifth-largest island in Indonesia, home to the majority of Indonesians and the site of 121 active volcanoes
• Kalimantan: The Indonesian section of the island of Borneo
• Lhokna: A popular surf site not far from Banda Aceh
• Lombok: An island in the province of West Nusa Tenggara that is hugely popular with tourists and surfers
• Losari Beach: A popular and attractive waterfront area in Ujung Pandang
• Papua: The western half of New Guinea is the most easterly region of Indonesia
• Sabang: Known to most tourists as Pulau Weh and a popular spot for snorkeling and diving
• Sulawesi: A centrally-located island in the Indonesian archipelago and the site of several well-known tourist destinations
• Sumatra: The sixth-biggest island in the world and an important region of Indonesia
• Togian Islands: A popular group of islands about three hours by boat from the coast of Sulawesi

National Parks

• Komodo National Park: Home to the famous Komodo dragons, pristine beaches, and world-class diving spots.
• Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park: Famous for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, including Mount Bromo and Mount Semeru.
• Tanjung Puting National Park: Known for its orangutan conservation efforts, dense rainforests, and riverboat tours.
• Bunaken National Park: A premier diving destination with rich coral reefs and diverse marine life in North Sulawesi.
• Gunung Leuser National Park: Part of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, known for its diverse wildlife, including critically endangered orangutans.
• Ujung Kulon National Park: Home to the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros, lush rainforests, and beautiful coastal areas.
• Lorentz National Park: The largest national park in Southeast Asia, known for its diverse ecosystems, including rainforests, and alpine tundra.
• Way Kambas National Park: Famous for its elephant conservation center and diverse wildlife in Lampung, Sumatra.
• Kelimutu National Park: Known for the three colorful crater lakes of Mount Kelimutu, which change colors due to volcanic gases and mineral reactions.
• Kerinci Seblat National Park: Part of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, offering diverse wildlife, including tigers and rhinoceroses, and the highest volcano in Southeast Asia, Mount Kerinci.

World Heritage

• Borobudur Temple: The world’s largest Buddhist temple, renowned for its intricate carvings and stunning sunrise views in Central Java.
• Prambanan Temple: A magnificent Hindu temple complex in Yogyakarta, featuring towering spires and intricate stone carvings.
• Komodo National Park: Home to the famous Komodo dragons, pristine beaches, and world-class diving spots.
• Ujung Kulon National Park: Home to the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros, lush rainforests, and beautiful coastal areas.
• Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra: Comprising three national parks (Gunung Leuser, Kerinci Seblat, and Bukit Barisan Selatan), known for their diverse ecosystems and endangered species.
• Sangiran Early Man Site: An important archaeological site in Central Java, known for its fossil discoveries related to early human ancestors.
• Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: Featuring the Subak irrigation system and associated temples, highlighting the harmonious relationship between the Balinese people and their environment.
• Lorentz National Park: The largest national park in Southeast Asia, known for its diverse ecosystems, including glaciers, rainforests, and alpine tundra.
• Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto: A historical coal mining site in West Sumatra, showcasing the industrial heritage of the region.
• Baliem Valley: Recognized for its unique cultural landscape and traditional agricultural practices of the Dani people in Papua.

On Bali, visitors can explore lush rice terraces in Ubud, surf the waves of Uluwatu, and visit iconic temples like Tanah Lot and Uluwatu Temple, perched on dramatic cliffs. The island’s mix of spiritual traditions, vibrant nightlife, and scenic beaches makes it one of the country’s top destinations. Just a boat ride away, the Gili Islands offer a laid-back paradise of white-sand beaches, crystal-clear waters, and a ban on motorized vehicles, creating a peaceful escape.

Beyond Bali, Indonesia’s diversity shines. The ancient temples of Borobudur and Prambanan in Yogyakarta reveal the country’s rich Hindu-Buddhist past, while the smoking crater of Mount Bromo offers one of the most spectacular sunrise views in the world. In Sumatra, wild orangutans swing through the jungles of Bukit Lawang, and the serene waters of Lake Toba, the largest volcanic lake on Earth, provide a peaceful retreat. Komodo National Park is home to the legendary Komodo dragons, along with stunning diving sites teeming with marine life. For those looking for adventure, the remote highlands of Papua and the turquoise crater lakes of Kelimutu offer some of Indonesia’s most breathtaking landscapes. Whether it’s hiking volcanoes, diving in coral reefs, or exploring cultural heritage, Indonesia offers an endless variety of experiences across its vast and diverse islands.

Don’t Miss Activities

Watch the Sunrise over Mount Bromo: One of Indonesia’s most iconic landscapes, Mount Bromo in East Java is an active volcano surrounded by a sea of sand. Sunrise viewpoints like Penanjakan offer dramatic views of Bromo, Semeru, and surrounding peaks shrouded in mist and early light.

Explore Borobudur Temple: The world’s largest Buddhist monument, Borobudur is a 9th-century marvel covered in stone carvings and bell-shaped stupas. Best visited at sunrise for a serene atmosphere and views over the jungle and volcanoes.

See Komodo Dragons in the Wild: Komodo National Park is the only place in the world where Komodo dragons roam free. Trek the islands of Komodo and Rinca with guides to spot these massive reptiles in their natural habitat.

Dive in Raja Ampat: This remote archipelago in West Papua is part of the Coral Triangle and offers some of the richest marine biodiversity on Earth. With pristine reefs, whale sharks, and manta rays, it’s a dream for divers and snorkelers.

Relax on Bali’s Beaches: From the party vibes of Kuta to the cliffs of Uluwatu and calm coves in Nusa Dua, Bali’s coastline has something for everyone , including world-class surfing and laid-back beach clubs.

Trek with Orangutans in Sumatra: In Bukit Lawang and Gunung Leuser National Park, guided jungle treks offer a chance to see endangered orangutans swinging through the forest canopy.

Experience Balinese Hindu Culture in Ubud: Ubud is Bali’s cultural heart, with temples, traditional dance, art museums, and workshops everywhere. It’s also a base for wellness, yoga, and day hikes.

Attend a Toraja Funeral Ceremony: In the highlands of Sulawesi, the Toraja people conduct elaborate multi-day funeral rituals, often including traditional dance, feasts, and temporary ancestral houses. A rare and culturally rich experience.

Take a Boat Trip through Nusa Tenggara: From Lombok to Flores, this chain of islands offers everything from volcanoes and pink beaches to traditional villages and manta ray snorkel sites.

Marvel at the Blue Flames of Ijen Crater: Mount Ijen in East Java is known for its blue sulfur flames, acidic turquoise lake, and hard-working miners. Treks begin before dawn to reach the crater in darkness.

Land Activities

Hiking & Trekking: From multiday volcano climbs (like Rinjani and Semeru) to jungle treks in Kalimantan and rainforest walks in Sumatra, Indonesia is one of Asia’s top trekking destinations with dramatic, varied terrain.

Wildlife Safari / Bird Watching: With orangutans in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Komodo dragons in Flores, birds of paradise in Papua, and elephants in Way Kambas, Indonesia is a hotspot for rare wildlife , though some areas require effort to reach.

Rock Climbing: Indonesia offers quality limestone cliffs and bouldering, especially in Bali (Uluwatu, Padang Padang), Lombok, and Sulawesi. The climbing scene is still growing but has solid local guides and scenic settings.

Caving / Spelunking: Yogyakarta is home to underground rivers and caves like Goa Jomblang, famous for its “light from heaven” shaft. Other regions like West Papua have unexplored karst systems.

Bicycle Touring: Traffic-heavy Java aside, places like Bali, Flores, and Sulawesi offer scenic, low-traffic cycling routes past rice fields, volcanoes, and villages.

Water Activities

Scuba Diving: Raja Ampat, Komodo, Alor, Bunaken, and Lembeh Strait are among the best dive sites in the world. Expect coral reefs, pelagics, critters, and world-class visibility. Indonesia is part of the Coral Triangle.

Surfing: Indonesia is a global surf destination with consistent breaks and waves for all levels. Top spots include Mentawai Islands, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, and remote reefs across Nusa Tenggara.

Snorkeling: Superb snorkeling in Raja Ampat, Komodo, Amed (Bali), and the Gili Islands. Coral gardens, turtles, and reef fish in warm clear water , often directly off the beach.

Kayaking / Canoeing: Paddle through mangroves in Raja Ampat, around Komodo’s quiet coves, or on Bali’s Ayung River. Kayak-based island tours are available in calmer regions.

Fishing: Indonesia offers local-style fishing trips, especially from Bali, Lombok, and Komodo. Not a sportfishing hub, but there are decent charter options.

White Water Rafting: Rafting trips are available on the Ayung and Telaga Waja Rivers in Bali, as well as rivers in Sumatra and Sulawesi, but the runs are moderate.

Wind Surfing: Available in select areas like Sanur (Bali) and Lombok, but not widely practiced. Conditions are seasonally dependent.

Leisure & Lifestyle

Wellness, Spas & Yoga: Bali, especially Ubud and Canggu, is one of the world’s top wellness destinations. From $5 massages to luxury retreats, the options are endless.

Spa Treatments: Javanese and Balinese massage styles are renowned. High-end spa resorts and budget options abound, especially in Bali and Lombok.

Weddings / Honeymoons: Bali is an international hotspot for romantic getaways and destination weddings, with ocean-view villas, resorts, and cultural backdrops.

Cooking Classes: Learn to make rendang, satay, sambal, and gado-gado. Classes in Ubud, Yogyakarta, and local markets often include spice lessons and family-run kitchens.

Nightlife & Partying: Bali has beach clubs, underground parties, and all-night dancing. Jakarta has elite rooftop bars and clubs. Yogyakarta offers a fun student vibe.

Shopping: From batik markets in Yogyakarta to trendy boutiques in Seminyak and handmade goods in Ubud, Indonesia has great value, especially for textiles and crafts.

Golfing: Good quality courses exist in Bali, Batam, and Jakarta with scenic backdrops and reasonable fees. Not a top global golf destination.

Winter Activities

Skiing / Snowboarding: Indonesia’s tropical climate means there are no opportunities for winter sports like skiing or snowboarding.

Cultural Experiences

Visit Ancient Temples like Borobudur and Prambanan: Borobudur is the world’s largest Buddhist monument, while nearby Prambanan is a striking Hindu complex , both are UNESCO World Heritage Sites near Yogyakarta.

Experience Traditional Balinese Ceremonies: On Bali, witness colorful processions, temple festivals (odalan), and cremation rituals. Visitors are welcome at many events when dressed respectfully in sarong and sash.

Stay in a Traditional Rumah Adat: Across the archipelago, homestays in vernacular houses (like Toraja tongkonan, Batak homes, or Sasak huts) offer cultural immersion, architecture, and local hospitality.

Wayang Kulit and Gamelan Performances: See shadow puppet shows and gamelan orchestras in Central Java and Bali, often based on Hindu epics and accompanied by narration and music.

Local Markets and Culinary Traditions: Explore markets like Ubud Market, Pasar Beringharjo, or traditional warungs for regional dishes like nasi padang, gudeg, or satay, often served with warm hospitality.

Textile Weaving and Batik Workshops: Learn about ikat and songket weaving in Sumba, Flores, or Lombok, or take a hands-on batik workshop in Yogyakarta or Solo.

Cultural Festivals and Rituals: From the Baliem Valley Festival in Papua to Nyepi (Balinese New Year), Cap Go Meh (Chinese-Indonesian celebration), and Rambu Solo (Toraja funerals), Indonesia’s cultural calendar is diverse and rich.

Unique

Komodo National Park: Only place in the world to see Komodo dragons in the wild, plus incredible diving and island-hopping in a protected archipelago.

Pasola Festival in Sumba: A dramatic horseback spear-throwing ritual held each spring to honor the ancestors and ask for a good harvest.

Blue Fire at Ijen Crater: Watch electric-blue flames from ignited sulfur gas before sunrise, then hike to a surreal acid lake rimmed by cliffs.

Funeral Ceremonies in Tana Toraja: Elaborate, multi-day events with buffalo sacrifices, traditional music, and ceremonial houses. A deep cultural dive.

Pink Sand Beaches: Komodo and Lombok are home to striking pink beaches formed by coral fragments , best seen early or late in the day.

Wae Rebo Village: A remote mountain village in Flores with traditional cone-shaped houses and warm hospitality. Trek in, sleep in a communal house, and unplug.

Dieng Plateau: Misty volcanic highland dotted with bubbling craters, ancient temples, and colored lakes. Cool air and quiet trails.

Traditional Boat Building in Tana Beru (Sulawesi): Watch master boat builders craft huge wooden phinisi ships using centuries-old techniques.

Courses & Learning

Cooking Classes: Available in Bali, Yogyakarta, and elsewhere, often with market tours and full meals. Learn to make classics like sambal, rendang, and tempeh dishes.

Batik & Ikat Workshops: Take classes in batik (wax-resist dyeing) in Yogyakarta or ikat weaving in Sumba and Flores. Many are led by master artisans.

Yoga Teacher Training: Bali is a global hub for yoga education with month-long 200- and 300-hour certification courses, especially in Ubud and Canggu.

Language Immersion Programs: Bahasa Indonesia lessons are available in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Ubud, including short-term tourist courses and longer cultural programs.

Meditation Retreats: Silent retreats and vipassana courses are available in Bali and Java, often in forest or temple settings.

Photography Workshops: Tours based in Bali, Java, or Flores focus on landscapes, temples, people, and markets. Great for golden hour and festival shoots.

SCUBA Diving Certification: Get PADI certified in Gili Trawangan, Komodo, or Raja Ampat. Courses are affordable and often combined with dive packages.

Traditional Dance Classes: Try Balinese dance at a cultural center in Ubud or learn Javanese court dance in Yogyakarta. Usually beginner-friendly and great for kids.

Volunteer Teaching & Conservation: Join wildlife rescue, reef restoration, or English teaching projects through NGOs and community-run programs across the country.

Indonesia, a vast archipelago made up of over 17,000 islands, offers a range of transportation options for getting around its cities, islands, and scenic landscapes. From public buses and motorbikes to ferries and flights, Indonesia provides various ways to travel between its islands and within cities. The buses and trains serve as budget-friendly choices, while car rentals, ride-sharing apps, and boats give visitors more flexibility for exploring.

Train

Rail travel is an option only on the islands of Java and Sumatra. The trains are either inexpensive, slow and in poor condition, or expensive, fast and comfortable. In most cases it’s advised to buy tickets at least a day in advance to ensure having a seat. A train that’s known for good, reliable service and clean conditions is the Parahyangan, running between Jakarta and Bandung. Some of the train’s coaches are air-conditioned and the trip takes around three hours.

• Java: The main island for train travel, with routes connecting major cities like Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Malang. The trains are operated by Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) and offer different classes ranging from economy to executive.
• Sumatra: Train services are available in certain regions, such as Medan to Pematangsiantar and Lampung to Palembang. The network is less extensive than on Java, but it provides a unique travel experience.

Indonesia’s train network, operated by PT Kereta Api Indonesia, is the most practical and comfortable option for travel on Java and Sumatra. The trains are affordable, efficient, and offer routes between major cities and towns.

• Jakarta to Bandung (3 hours): A popular route connecting the capital to the nearby city of Bandung, known for its cool climate and natural beauty.
• Yogyakarta to Surabaya (5 hours): A scenic route through Java, connecting cultural and historical cities.
• Jakarta to Solo (6 hours): A train route to one of Java’s most important cultural cities.

Train travel in Indonesia is generally comfortable, with air-conditioned coaches available for long-distance journeys. Booking tickets in advance is recommended for popular routes.

Bus

The country’s major roads have good surfaces and are well maintained, and are followed by the many buses connecting population centers throughout the country. Ekonomi buses provide cheap and crowded transportation and can be a good choice if you want to see how the locals get around. Express bus service is a step up: the only real difference is that the fare is higher and they reach the destination more quickly. Luxury air-con buses provide the ultimate in comfort.

Buses are an affordable and widely used form of transport for both short and long distances. Intercity and inter-island buses are operated by various companies, and buses are also the most common form of transport in cities.

• Jakarta to Bandung (3 hours): A quick bus ride to the cultural city located in West Java.
• Bali to Lombok (3 hours + ferry): A bus and ferry combination that takes you from Bali to Lombok.
• Yogyakarta to Semarang (2.5 hours): A popular bus route between cities in central Java.

In larger cities like Jakarta and Bali, buses can be crowded, and traffic can slow down your travel time, especially during rush hour. For longer journeys, buses are inexpensive but can be less comfortable than trains.

Car Rental

Renting a car can be a convenient way to explore Indonesia, especially in areas with limited public transportation options. Be prepared for heavy traffic in major cities. Plan your travel times accordingly and consider using apps like Google Maps for real-time traffic updates.

• Car Rentals: Available in major cities and airports. International and local companies offer a range of vehicles, but driving can be challenging due to traffic and road conditions.
• Car with Driver: Hiring a car with a driver is a popular and safer option, allowing you to navigate the country without the stress of driving. This service is widely available and relatively affordable.
• Self-Driving: If you choose to drive yourself, ensure you have an International Driving Permit (IDP) and be prepared for traffic congestion, particularly in urban areas.

In large cities, public transport or ride-sharing services might be a better option than renting a car. Private car hire with a driver is also a common option in Indonesia, especially for tourists.

Ride Share

Ride-sharing services are widely available in Indonesian cities, offering convenient and affordable transportation options. These services provide a convenient, cost-effective, and comfortable way to travel within cities, especially for short trips.

• Grab: The leading ride-sharing app in Southeast Asia, providing car and motorbike rides, as well as food delivery services.
• Gojek: An Indonesian startup offering ride-sharing, motorbike taxis, food delivery, and various other services through its app.
• Blue Bird: A traditional taxi company that also offers an app-based booking system, known for its reliability and safety.

For short-distance travel or city exploration, ride-sharing apps are generally more affordable and convenient than taxis.

Ferries

Ferries are a vital mode of transport for traveling between Indonesia’s thousands of islands. Ferries operate both domestic routes and inter-island connections, especially between Java, Bali, and Sumatra.

• Bali to Lombok (1 hour + waiting time for ferry): A popular ferry route between two major tourist destinations.
• Surabaya to Bali (12 hours): A longer journey for inter-island travel, taking you from Java to Bali.
• Jakarta to Sumatra (18 hours): A ferry route for travel to one of Indonesia’s largest islands.

Ferries are a cost-effective and often scenic way to travel between islands, but they can sometimes be delayed due to weather conditions or other factors.

Air

Domestic airline service has been plagued with safety problems and economic woes. New operators are entering the market, however, and the competition is beginning to make this means of transport a more reasonable option for foreign visitors.

Flying is often the most efficient way to travel between Indonesia’s islands, especially for longer distances. With more than 17,000 islands, domestic flights are essential for connecting remote destinations across the archipelago. Major airlines include Garuda Indonesia, Lion Air, and AirAsia.

• Jakarta to Bali (1.5 hours): A quick flight between two of the most popular tourist destinations.
• Jakarta to Yogyakarta (1 hour): A frequent route to the cultural heart of Java.
• Surabaya to Makassar (1.5 hours): A flight to South Sulawesi, connecting central Java to one of the most diverse regions of Indonesia.

Flying is generally the best option for long-distance domestic travel, but it can be more expensive than buses or trains for shorter distances.

Taxis

Taxis are available in most major cities like Jakarta, Bali, and Surabaya. In larger cities, taxis are often metered, but it’s a good idea to confirm the fare before starting the ride if the taxi does not use a meter.

• Taxis in Jakarta can be expensive, and traffic can be a significant issue. Ride-sharing services like Gojek or Grab are usually more affordable.
• Taxis in Bali are generally readily available but can be more expensive than public transport.

For short trips, taxis are convenient, but for more affordable and efficient travel, ride-sharing apps are often a better option.

Public Transport in Cities

Public transport in Indonesia’s major cities like Jakarta and Surabaya includes buses, transit trains, metro systems, and motorbike taxis. While public transport is widely used, it is often crowded, unreliable, and slow during peak hours.

• Jakarta’s TransJakarta bus system and MRT (metro) are the most efficient forms of public transport in the capital.
• Bali and other popular tourist destinations primarily use tuk-tuks (auto-rickshaws), buses, and minivans for local travel.

For local travel, public transport is the most affordable but can be crowded and unpredictable in cities.

Local Transportation

In-city and small town transportation options include the bajaj (auto rickshaw), becak (cycle rickshaw), bemo (converted pick-up truck), and opelet (minibus), all of which are unbelievably cheap. All cities and some larger towns have taxi services, but agreeing on a fare in advance is important.

• Motorbike Taxis (Ojek): Widely used for short trips in cities and towns. Ojeks are fast and can navigate through traffic easily. They can be hailed on the street or booked through apps like Gojek and Grab.
• Bicycles: In some tourist areas, bicycles are available for rent, offering a leisurely way to explore. Yogyakarta and Bali are popular for cycling tours.
• Becak (Cycle Rickshaws): Found in cities like Yogyakarta and Solo, becaks provide a unique and traditional mode of transport for short distances.

The most common safety issue for travelers in Indonesia is road safety, particularly motorbike accidents. Many tourists rent motorbikes in Bali and other islands without experience, proper licensing, or insurance, leading to frequent accidents. Traffic congestion in cities like Jakarta and Surabaya is severe, and reckless driving, poor road conditions, and minimal enforcement of traffic laws add to the risk.

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, bag snatching, and phone theft, is common in tourist hotspots like Bali, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta. Scams targeting tourists include rigged money exchanges, overpriced taxis, and fake tour operators. Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue are a year-round risk, particularly during the rainy season, and foodborne illnesses are also a concern. Tap water is not safe to drink, and medical facilities outside major cities are limited. Indonesia is highly prone to natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and seasonal flooding, which can disrupt travel plans.

Scams & Petty Crime: Pickpocketing, bag snatching, and phone theft are common in crowded areas. Scams involving money changers, fake transport services, and overpriced souvenirs frequently target tourists. Using ride-hailing apps, reputable exchange services, and keeping valuables secure helps avoid problems.

Political Unrest: Indonesia is generally stable, but protests sometimes occur, particularly in Jakarta and Papua. While usually peaceful, demonstrations can escalate, leading to road closures and disruptions. Avoid large gatherings and monitor local news.

Diseases: Dengue fever is a major concern, especially during the rainy season. Malaria is present in remote regions, particularly in Papua and the Maluku Islands. Travelers should use insect repellent and consider antimalarial medication if visiting affected areas.

Health Facilities: High-quality private hospitals are available in Jakarta and Bali, but rural areas have limited healthcare options. Serious medical cases may require evacuation to Singapore or Australia, making travel insurance with medical evacuation essential.

Road Conditions: Traffic is chaotic, with reckless driving and poorly maintained roads. Motorbike accidents are a leading cause of injuries for tourists, particularly in Bali. Rural roads can be in poor condition, and night driving is discouraged due to unlit roads and unpredictable hazards.

Food & Water: Tap water is unsafe to drink, and bottled or filtered water is necessary. Street food is a major attraction but should be chosen carefully, opt for busy vendors with high turnover to minimize the risk of food poisoning.

Nature’s Fury: Indonesia is highly prone to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, with active volcanoes scattered across the country. Seasonal flooding and landslides are common during the monsoon season (November–March). Travelers should check local advisories and be aware of emergency procedures in high-risk areas.

The country’s culture is a blend of influences, shaped by Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and Christian traditions. Java is home to the country’s capital, Jakarta, and is the economic, cultural, and political heart of the nation. Indonesia is known for its diverse languages, music, art, and traditional crafts, such as batik textiles and Wayang Kulit (shadow puppetry).

Indonesia’s history is marked by the Majapahit Empire, Dutch colonialism, and the struggle for independence, which was achieved in 1945. Today, Indonesia is a thriving democracy and one of Southeast Asia’s largest economies, rich in natural resources and cultural heritage.

Food

Indonesia’s cuisine has been influenced by many foreign cultures, from Chinese and Indian to European. On the other hand, the cuisines of neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore, where cuisine from West Sumatra is quite popular, have been significantly influenced by Indonesia. Satay (sate), bite-sized chunks of chicken or meat cooked on a skewer, which originated in Java, Madura, and Sumatra, is now a popular street food throughout Southeast Asia.

Rice is the dietary staple for most Indonesians, and is usually accompanied by a range of vegetables along with meat. In some areas, however, such as Ambon and Irian Jaya, the staples are the sweet potato and sago, a type of tapioca. Overall, the most important aspect regarding food is that it must be halal, having been processed according to Islamic laws.

Typical Indonesian fare is usually spicy, prepared using an array of chili peppers and other local spices. Popular dishes include fried rice (nasi goreng), satay served with a peanut-based sauce, and soybean-based dishes including tempe and tofu. A popular ingredient that forms the base for many Indonesian dishes is terasi, a shrimp paste that’s quite pungent. Fried shallots are often used as a garnish, providing a crisp texture and additional flavor.

Indonesian eating habits have also been influenced by Chinese and Indian immigrants. It’s common to find dim sum and noodles, as well as tandoori chicken as part of the daily fare of locals. Western culture has also left its mark, most recently in the form of fast food restaurants, which are increasingly popular in the larger cities.

Language

Indonesia’s official language is Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), a standardized form of Malay, spoken throughout the archipelago. While Indonesian is the official language, the country is home to hundreds of local languages, including Javanese, Balinese, Sundanese, and Madurese. English is commonly understood in major cities and tourist areas but is less common in rural regions.

Arts & Crafts

• Traditional Indonesian Handicrafts: While there is a wide range available, some of the most popular Indonesia handicrafts include batik, ikat and songket cloth. Each island in Indonesia has its own special pattern, making for unique and interesting collector’s items.

• Traditional Indonesian Literature: Little literature existed in this part of the world before the 20th century as most tales were told verbally. Literature took off in a big way after the 20th century and book on all topics can be found in a large number of languages these days. 
Music and dance: boasting more than 18,000 different islands, the Indonesia archipelago is famous for its different traditional dances and music. Some of the best places to witness the area’s vibrant dances are Bali and Java, where special dance performances are often held for tourists and during festivals.

• Traditional Indonesian Sculpture and Painting: Some of the best examples of the sculpture and art of Indonesia can be found in the temples. Here, intricate stone carvings and detailed sculptures fill the temples, while the walls are often decorated with colorful murals.

Etiquette

Indonesian people tend to be polite and friendly, and understand that a visitor’s culture is often different from their own. It is appreciated if the visitor shows an interest and respect for local customs, however. Islamic religious customs, in particular, should be respected during the fasting month of Ramadan, meaning that eating and drinking in public during daylight hours should be done very discreetly. Some additional points to consider:


Perople

Tere are around 229,965,00 people in Indonesia, scattered throughout the 17,508 islands that make up this tropical archipelago. While the largest number of people can be found in the capital city of Jakarta, large populations can also be found in Bali and Lombok.

Forming the majority, just under half Indonesia’s population are Javanese. There is also a large Sudanese and Madurese population, with around eight percent of people being coastal Malays. Indonesia’s many tribal groups also comprise around a quarter of the population.

Religion

The main religion throughout Indonesia is Islam, and around 88 percent of the population is Muslim. The reminder of the population mainly follows the Protestant faith, while around three percent are Roman Catholic. Other religions practiced here are Hinduism and Buddhism, while many of the remote tribes have their own separate belief systems.

Government

Despite being the country hit the hardest by the East Asian financial crises in 1997-98, Indonesia has managed to remodel itself as a prosperous nation once more. Both the health-care and education systems are excellent here, and the general quality of life is high throughout Indonesia.

Indonesia is a republic and has a presidential system. Since President Suharto resigned in 1998, Indonesia has seen several years of political reform and instability. However, the first ever presidential election was held in 2004 and the political situation seems to have stabilized substantially since then.

History

The history of Indonesia began with the arrival of the so-called ‘Java Man,’ or Homo erectus, about 500,000 years ago. Many other groups of people arrived in Indonesia in the years to follow. Some of the first contacts made with other lands included India, China and mainland Southeast Asia. Sriwijaya was known as the first Indianized empire, acting as the centre of trading. Many architectural landmarks were built, including the renowned Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in the world. Indonesia had a great deal of contact with Portuguese merchants who came for spices, followed by the Dutch who took Indonesia as their colony. In 1945, Indonesia declared its independence from the Dutch. Sukarno became the first president of the Republic of Indonesia.

• 500,000 to 40,000 BC: Java Man, also known as Homo erectus, lived in Indonesia. After that, the ancestors of the Papuans moved to the islands reaching as far as New Guinea and Australia, followed by the Malays, Malayo-Polynesian and Javanese, who now make up the modern day population of Indonesia.

• 4th to 10th centuries: Buddhism arrived in Sumatra and the Melayu Kingdom flourished. During this time, many temples and stone tablets were built. In 770, King Vishnu began the construction of Borobudur.

• 11th to 15th: Marco Polo discovered Indonesia. Trading with the Portuguese began. Islam was spread by Indian Muslim traders. By the time Marco Polo visited Sumatra, the first Islamic states were already built. Today, Indonesia is the biggest Islamic nation in the world.

• 16th to 19th centuries: The Dutch began trading spices with Indonesia. The Dutch East India Company was established, monopolizing spices in Indonesia. In the 19th century, Java was the main source for the Dutch’s sugar and coffee trading.

• 20th century to present: Indonesia began challenging the Dutch presence in Indonesia and earned its independence in 1945. Sukarno became the first president.