Colombia

With a Pacific and Caribbean coastline, Colombia is blessed with great beaches and a mountainous interior typified by the capital Bogotá, which sits at more than 2,500 meters above sea level.

Colombia is a country of reinvention, shaking off its troubled past to become one of South America’s most exciting destinations. Most visitors come for its stunning diversity—Caribbean beaches, lush coffee plantations, colonial towns, and Amazon rainforest all fit within its borders. Cartagena’s walled city is pure romance, Medellín is a model of urban transformation, and Bogotá’s museums and street art give it an edgy, cultural appeal. Adventure seekers head to the towering wax palms of the Cocora Valley or the ancient ruins of Ciudad Perdida. And then there’s the energy—Colombians love music, from salsa in Cali to cumbia on the coast, and every night feels like a celebration.

Colombia is affordable for travelers. Budget travelers can get by on $30–50 a day, while mid-range options offer excellent value. Accommodation ranges from cheap hostels to boutique hotels in beautifully restored colonial buildings. Food is cheap and filling—arepas, empanadas, and bandeja paisa (a plate stacked with meat, beans, and plantains) are everyday staples. The coffee is some of the best in the world, and fresh tropical fruit is everywhere. Western food is easy to find in big cities, but the local cuisine is worth exploring.

Getting around is relatively easy. Domestic flights are affordable and save time on long distances, while buses are cheap but can be slow due to mountainous terrain. In cities, taxis and ride-hailing apps are the best way to get around, though Bogotá’s traffic is notorious. Safety has improved massively, but petty crime is still an issue, especially in busy areas. Some regions should still be avoided, but most tourist destinations are perfectly safe with common-sense precautions. English is spoken in tourist areas, but Spanish is useful, especially in smaller towns.

Why Go to Colombia?

• Cartagena’s Colonial Beauty: A walled city of cobbled streets, colorful balconies, and Caribbean charm.

• Medellín’s Urban Transformation: Once infamous, Medellín is now one of Latin America’s most innovative and exciting cities.

• The Coffee Region: Rolling green hills, family-run coffee farms, and the towering wax palms of the Cocora Valley.

• Caribbean & Pacific Beaches: From the white sands of San Andrés to the wild coast of Nuquí, Colombia has beaches for every traveler.

• Ciudad Perdida Trek: A multi-day jungle trek to ancient ruins older than Machu Picchu.

• Salsa Capital of the World: Cali lives and breathes salsa—dance clubs, live music, and nonstop rhythm.

• Amazon Rainforest: Leticia is the gateway to Colombia’s Amazon, a place of pink dolphins, indigenous villages, and deep jungle adventures.

Colombia is located in the northwest of South America, bordered by Venezuela and Brazil to the east, Peru and Ecuador to the south, and Panama to the northwest. It has coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, making it the only South American country with access to both oceans. Colombia is known for its diverse landscapes, rich biodiversity, and vibrant cities.

Colombia can be divided into five main geographic regions: the Andean Region, the Caribbean Region, the Pacific Region, the Amazon Rainforest, and the Eastern Plains (Llanos). The Andean Region is home to the country’s largest cities and features high-altitude plateaus, fertile valleys, and coffee plantations. The Caribbean Region has tropical beaches, colonial towns, and indigenous cultures. The Pacific Region is remote and humid, known for its Afro-Colombian culture and whale watching. The Amazon Rainforest in the south is rich in biodiversity and indigenous heritage, while the Eastern Plains are vast, open grasslands that support cattle ranching and wildlife tourism.

Tourism in Colombia includes everything from mountain trekking and jungle exploration to beach vacations and historical tours. The climate varies greatly by region, with warm tropical conditions along the coasts, cooler weather in the Andean highlands, and humid conditions in the Amazon and Pacific lowlands.

Most international visitors arrive in Bogotá via El Dorado International Airport, the country’s largest airport. Other major entry points include Medellín, Cartagena, Cali, and Barranquilla, which have international flights. Overland entry is possible from Ecuador, Venezuela, and Brazil, though border crossings with Venezuela are often unstable.

Map Links: Google Maps | Apple Maps
Coordinates (for GPS): 4°34‘15.12”N, 74°17‘50.40”W

Andean Region

This region is the economic and cultural heart of Colombia, with the country’s largest cities, coffee plantations, and historical towns. It includes Bogotá, Medellín, and the famous Coffee Triangle.

• Bogotá – The capital, with museums, colonial districts, and a vibrant nightlife.
• Medellín – The “City of Eternal Spring,” known for innovation and cable cars.
• Villa de Leyva – A well-preserved colonial town with cobbled streets and whitewashed buildings.
• Coffee Triangle (Eje Cafetero) – A region known for coffee farms and lush landscapes.
• San Agustín – An archaeological site with mysterious pre-Columbian statues.

Caribbean Region

The Caribbean coast features colonial cities, white-sand beaches, and Afro-Caribbean culture. It is one of Colombia’s most visited areas, with islands, national parks, and UNESCO-listed sites.

• Cartagena – A historic walled city with colonial architecture and beaches.
• Santa Marta – A coastal city and gateway to Tayrona National Park.
• Tayrona National Park – A natural reserve with beaches, rainforests, and indigenous heritage.
• Barranquilla – Known for its Carnival, one of the biggest in Latin America.
• San Andrés and Providencia – Caribbean islands with coral reefs and turquoise waters.

Pacific Region

This remote and less-developed region is rich in rainforests, waterfalls, and wildlife. It is known for its Afro-Colombian culture and is one of the best places in the world for whale watching.

• Bahía Solano – A small coastal town known for ecotourism and humpback whale migration.
• Nuquí – A rainforest-covered coastal village with surfing and thermal springs.
• Buenaventura – The largest port on the Pacific, a base for exploring jungle lodges.

Amazon Rainforest

Colombia’s Amazon region is one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. It is home to indigenous communities and offers jungle excursions, river tours, and wildlife spotting.

• Leticia – The main gateway to the Amazon, located on the border with Peru and Brazil.
• Amacayacu National Park – A national park protecting Amazonian wildlife and indigenous culture.
• Puerto Nariño – A sustainable tourism village with river and jungle tours.

Eastern Plains (Llanos)

The Llanos are vast, open grasslands that extend into Venezuela. This region is ideal for ecotourism, wildlife watching, and experiencing Colombia’s cowboy culture.

• Yopal – A base for exploring the savannas and wildlife reserves.
• Casanare – A prime location for birdwatching and safari-style wildlife tours.
• La Macarena – Home to Caño Cristales, the “River of Five Colors.”

Start in Bogotá, the capital, where the cobbled streets of La Candelaria lead to grand plazas, street art, and world-class museums like the Gold Museum. Take the cable car up Monserrate for sweeping views of the city. Not far away, the Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá, an underground church carved into a salt mine, is a unique detour.

For colonial charm, Cartagena is a must. Its walled old town is one of the most beautiful in the Americas, with colorful streets, historic forts, and lively plazas. Just offshore, the Rosario Islands offer turquoise waters and coral reefs. Further along the Caribbean coast, Tayrona National Park combines jungle hikes with perfect beaches, while La Guajira feels like another world with its vast dunes and Indigenous Wayuu culture.

The Coffee Region is where Colombia’s famous beans come to life. Salento, a charming town surrounded by rolling hills, is the perfect base for visiting coffee farms. Nearby, Valle de Cocora is home to the world’s tallest wax palm trees, standing dramatically against misty mountains.

Adventure seekers should head to San Gil, Colombia’s outdoor sports hub, with whitewater rafting, paragliding, and hiking through Chicamocha Canyon. For something truly remote, Ciudad Perdida (The Lost City) is a multi-day trek deep into the jungle, revealing an ancient Indigenous settlement older than Machu Picchu.

In the south, Medellín has transformed from a troubled past into one of South America’s most innovative cities. Ride the Metrocable up into the hillside neighborhoods, visit the Comuna 13 street art scene, or take a day trip to Guatapé, a colorful lakeside town known for its towering rock monolith.

For a final contrast, the Amazon region, centered around Leticia, offers an immersive jungle experience, with boat trips on the Amazon River and encounters with pink river dolphins.

Highlights

• Cartagena – One of the most picturesque colonial cities in Latin America.
• Tayrona National Park – A stunning mix of jungle and Caribbean beaches.
• Valle de Cocora – A surreal valley filled with towering wax palms.
• Ciudad Perdida – An ancient city hidden deep in the jungle, reachable only by trek.
• Guatapé & El Peñol – A colorful lakeside town with incredible views from a massive rock.

Top Cities

• Bogotá – Colombia’s high-altitude capital, full of history and culture.
• Medellín – The city of eternal spring, known for its innovation and transformation.
• Cartagena – A beautifully preserved colonial port with Caribbean charm.
• Cali – The salsa capital of the world, famous for its dance culture.
• Barranquilla – Home to Colombia’s biggest carnival and a lively coastal vibe.

Islands & Beaches

• Rosario Islands – A Caribbean paradise near Cartagena with coral reefs and crystal-clear waters.
• San Andrés & Providencia – Two remote islands with some of the best diving in the Caribbean.
• Playa Blanca (Barú Island) – A stunning white-sand beach just outside Cartagena.
• Palomino – A laid-back beach town where the jungle meets the sea.
• Cabo de la Vela – A desert-meets-ocean landscape in La Guajira.

National Parks

• Tayrona National Park – A mix of jungle, Indigenous culture, and Caribbean beaches.
• Los Nevados National Park – Snow-capped peaks and high-altitude lakes in the Andes.
• Chicamocha National Park – A dramatic canyon offering outdoor adventures.
• Amacayacu National Park – A remote Amazon jungle park full of wildlife.
• Serranía de la Macarena National Park – Home to Caño Cristales, the “River of Five Colors.”

World Heritage

• Cartagena’s Walled City – A beautifully preserved Spanish colonial city.
• Coffee Cultural Landscape – Rolling green hills dotted with coffee farms.
• San Agustín Archaeological Park – The largest collection of pre-Columbian sculptures in South America.
• Los Katíos National Park – A biodiverse rainforest on the border with Panama.
• Tierradentro – Underground tombs and ancient Indigenous art.

Colombia’s climate varies by region, with tropical lowlands, temperate Andean cities, and humid Amazonian jungles. The dry seasons (December–February and July–August) are the best times to visit most of the country, while the wet seasons bring fewer tourists and greener landscapes.

Colombia straddles the equator, meaning temperatures vary little, but can stay remarkably high given the high altitude of many parts of the country. Mountainous areas tend to have two dry seasons, between December and March, and July and August. The southern Amazonian areas tend to remain wet throughout the year.

High Season: December–February, July–August
Shoulder Season: March–June, September–November
Low Season: April–May, October–November (for some regions)

High Season

The dry season (December–February and July–August) is the best time for outdoor activities and beach trips. Cartagena and the Caribbean coast enjoy sunny skies and warm temperatures, making them popular during the holidays. Bogotá and Medellín stay mild, while the Coffee Region has great hiking weather. This is also festival season, with events like the Carnival of Barranquilla in February. Expect higher prices and busy tourist spots.

Shoulder Season

March–June and September–November offer a mix of dry and rainy periods, depending on the region. Rain is more frequent in the Amazon and Pacific coast but lighter in the Andes and Caribbean. The countryside is lush, and crowds thin out, making it a good time to visit places like the Coffee Region and Medellín, which has its famous Flower Festival in August.

Low Season

April–May and October–November see the heaviest rains, especially in the Amazon, Pacific coast, and Coffee Region. Some areas experience flooding, and beach days can be unpredictable. However, this is a great time for budget travelers, as prices drop, and popular destinations like Bogotá and Medellín remain enjoyable with occasional showers.

Colombia Month by Month

January: Warm, dry in most regions. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. Peak travel season with festivals and busy beaches.

February: Warm, dry, less crowded. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. A great time for travel with fewer tourists.

March: Warm, dry early, rain increasing. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. Shoulder season begins.

April: Hot, rainy season starts. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. Lush landscapes but afternoon showers.

May: Warm, wet. 70-88°F (21-31°C) on the coast, 50-67°F (10-19°C) in Bogotá. Fewer crowds but heavy rain in some regions.

June: Warm, dry season begins. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. A great time for hiking and outdoor activities.

July: Warm, dry. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. One of the best months to visit, with festivals and clear skies.

August: Warm, mostly dry. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. Fewer tourists before the second rainy season.

September: Warm, rain increasing. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. The Amazon and coffee regions get wetter.

October: Wet, humid. 70-88°F (21-31°C) on the coast, 50-67°F (10-19°C) in Bogotá. Peak of the second rainy season, making travel trickier.

November: Warm, wet, transitioning to dry. 70-88°F (21-31°C) on the coast, 50-67°F (10-19°C) in Bogotá. Fewer tourists, good deals.

December: Warm, dry season begins. 70-90°F (21-32°C) on the coast, 50-68°F (10-20°C) in Bogotá. Christmas celebrations make it a festive but busy time.

Festivals & Events

Carnaval de Negros y Blancos: (January 2-7) – A colorful festival in Pasto, featuring parades and painted faces.

Carnaval de Barranquilla: (February/March, varies) – Colombia’s biggest carnival, second only to Rio’s, with dancing and music.

Semana Santa (Holy Week): (March/April, varies) – Religious processions and ceremonies, especially in Popayán and Mompox.

Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata: (Late April) – A famous vallenato music festival in Valledupar.

Independence Day: (July 20) – Celebrated with parades, concerts, and fireworks.

Feria de las Flores (Flower Festival): (August) – Medellín’s biggest festival, with floral parades and cultural events.

Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead): (November 1-2) – A time for honoring ancestors, though not as big as in Mexico.

Christmas & New Year’s Eve: (December) – Festivities with lights, fireworks, and family gatherings, especially in Medellín.

The country’s diverse geography means you can go from diving in crystal-clear Caribbean waters to hiking high-altitude páramos in a single trip. Music and dance are woven into daily life, with salsa clubs in Cali, reggaeton blasting in Medellín, and vallenato rhythms filling the streets of the Caribbean coast.

• Scuba Diving: Excellent diving in San Andrés, Providencia, and Tayrona National Park, with warm waters and vibrant reefs.
• Motorcycle Touring: Colombia’s mountain roads, coffee region, and Caribbean coast make for an epic motorcycle journey.
• Nightlife & Partying: From salsa clubs in Cali to the vibrant bar scenes of Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia is one of the best party destinations in Latin America.
• Rock Climbing: Suesca is Colombia’s climbing capital, with limestone cliffs offering great routes for all levels. Other good spots include La Mojarra and El Peñol.
• Bicycle Touring: Challenging but rewarding cycling through the Andes, with scenic routes in the coffee region and Bogotá’s famous Sunday ciclovía.
• Golfing: Some solid courses near Bogotá and Medellín, but not a major draw for international golfers.
• Shopping: Colombia is great for buying high-quality emeralds, artisanal crafts, and stylish local fashion brands.
• Trekking: World-class trekking, including the Lost City hike, Cocora Valley, and El Cocuy National Park.
• Mountain Biking: Excellent trails in the coffee region and around Medellín, but infrastructure is still developing.
• White Water Rafting: Good rafting in San Gil and near Medellín, with exciting rapids on the Río Fonce and Río Magdalena.
• Wind Surfing: San Andrés and La Guajira offer excellent windsurfing conditions, with warm waters and steady winds.

Cultural Experiences

Colombia has a rich and complex history, shaped by indigenous traditions, Spanish colonization, and Afro-Caribbean influences. Its cities and towns are full of stories waiting to be explored.

• Exploring Cartagena’s Walled City: One of South America’s most beautiful colonial cities, with colorful streets, historic forts, and lively plazas.
• Visiting Bogotá’s Gold Museum: Home to one of the world’s best collections of pre-Hispanic gold artifacts.
• Dancing Salsa in Cali: Known as the salsa capital of the world, Cali offers dance schools, live music, and all-night salsa parties.
• Learning About Medellín’s Transformation: Once one of the most dangerous cities in the world, Medellín has reinvented itself with innovative public spaces and cultural projects.
• Discovering the Indigenous Culture of La Guajira: The Wayuu people have lived in the harsh desert of northern Colombia for centuries, preserving their unique traditions.

Natural Experiences

Colombia’s landscapes are as diverse as its culture, ranging from Amazonian jungles to high-altitude cloud forests and pristine beaches.

• Hiking in the Cocora Valley: Home to Colombia’s national tree, the towering wax palm, this valley is one of the most beautiful hikes in the country.
• Exploring Tayrona National Park: A perfect mix of tropical jungle, hidden beaches, and indigenous history.
• Visiting Caño Cristales: Often called the “River of Five Colors,” this remote river turns vibrant shades of red, yellow, and green during certain months.
• Spotting Wildlife in the Amazon: Leticia is the gateway to Colombia’s Amazon region, where you can see pink dolphins, monkeys, and exotic birds.
• Trekking in El Cocuy National Park: A remote, high-altitude park with stunning glacial lakes and challenging mountain treks.

Urban Experiences

Colombia’s cities offer a mix of colonial charm, modern innovation, and an energetic social scene.

• Walking Through La Candelaria in Bogotá: The capital’s historic district, full of colonial architecture, street art, and lively cafes.
• Riding the Cable Cars of Medellín: Originally built to connect poor neighborhoods, these cable cars now offer incredible views of the city.
• Exploring the Coffee Culture of Manizales: One of the best places to experience Colombia’s world-famous coffee industry, with plantation tours and tastings.
• Visiting the Underground Salt Cathedral in Zipaquirá: A church carved inside a salt mine, one of the most unusual religious sites in the world.
• Shopping at Paloquemao Market: Bogotá’s largest market, where you can sample exotic fruits, fresh flowers, and local street food.

Unique Experiences

Colombia’s mix of extreme geography and cultural diversity makes for some unforgettable travel experiences.

• Hiking to the Lost City (Ciudad Perdida): One of South America’s greatest treks, leading to an ancient pre-Columbian city hidden deep in the jungle.
• Paragliding Over Chicamocha Canyon: One of the best paragliding spots in the world, offering stunning views of the vast canyon landscape.
• Diving in the Rosario Islands: A beautiful coral reef system just off the coast of Cartagena, perfect for snorkeling and diving.
• Exploring the Tatacoa Desert: A surreal red and grey desert that looks like something out of Mars.
• Whale Watching in the Pacific: Between July and November, humpback whales migrate along Colombia’s Pacific coast, offering incredible sightings.

Weird and Wonderful

Colombia has its fair share of bizarre and fascinating places, from abandoned ruins to natural oddities.

• Seeing the Wax Palms of the Cocora Valley: The world’s tallest palm trees, reaching up to 60 meters high, create an eerie but beautiful landscape.
• Visiting the House of Botero: A museum dedicated to Colombia’s most famous artist, known for his exaggeratedly plump figures.
• Exploring the Ghost Town of Armero: Once a thriving city, it was buried by a volcanic mudslide in 1985, leaving behind eerie ruins.
• Swimming in Totumo Mud Volcano: A small volcano filled with thick, buoyant mud, where visitors can take a therapeutic mud bath.
• Finding the Rainbow River of Caño Cristales: A natural wonder that turns brilliant shades of red and yellow during the wet season.

Getting into the country is becoming increasingly convenient with international flights to big cities including Bogotá, Barranquilla and Medellínn arriving from all over the Americas and selected European destinations. Crossing the border by land can be problematic because of instability but remains possible via Ecuador and Venezuela.

Colombia is well-connected by air, land, and sea, with international flights, overland bus routes, and cruise ship ports. Most travelers arrive by air, as Colombia has limited road connections with its neighbors due to dense jungle and security concerns in some areas. There are no international passenger trains.

For most visitors, flying into Bogotá, Medellín, or Cartagena is the easiest way in. Overland travel is possible from Ecuador and Venezuela, but there is no road connection to Panama—instead, travelers must take a boat or flight.

Most internal travel is by bus, but roads are awful and scary in certain rural and mountainous areas. Train services are extremely limited and metro services are only available in Medellín. Taxis and buses in particular are cheap including within the capital, and very convenient. For the cheapest ride in town, get in a colectivo, but expect a very numb behind by the time you get to your destination.

Entry Requirements for Colombia

Colombia’s entry requirements vary based on nationality and the purpose of the visit. Below is an overview tailored to citizens of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.

Citizens of the United States: U.S. citizens can visit Colombia without a visa for stays of up to 90 days for tourism or business purposes. A valid passport is required, and it’s recommended to ensure it has at least six months’ validity beyond your intended departure date. Upon arrival, travelers may be asked to show proof of onward or return travel. oai_citation_attribution:0‡gov.uk

Citizens of Canada: Canadian citizens do not require a visa for stays up to 90 days in Colombia. A valid passport is necessary, and it’s advisable to have at least six months’ validity remaining. Travelers should be prepared to present evidence of onward or return travel if requested. oai_citation_attribution:1‡gov.uk

Citizens of the United Kingdom: UK citizens can enter Colombia without a visa for stays up to 90 days. A valid passport is required, and it’s prudent to ensure it has sufficient validity beyond your intended stay. Proof of onward or return travel may be requested upon arrival. oai_citation_attribution:2‡gov.uk

Citizens of Australia and New Zealand: Australian and New Zealand citizens are permitted to enter Colombia visa-free for stays up to 90 days. A valid passport is necessary, and it’s recommended to have at least six months’ validity beyond your departure date. Travelers should be ready to show evidence of onward or return travel if asked. oai_citation_attribution:3‡gov.uk

Health and Vaccination Requirements: Travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission are required to present a valid Yellow Fever vaccination certificate upon entry into Colombia. This includes those who have transited through such countries. It’s advisable to carry the vaccination certificate, especially if planning to visit endemic areas within Colombia. oai_citation_attribution:4‡friendlyplanet.com

Customs Regulations: Travelers should be aware of Colombia’s customs regulations, including restrictions on certain goods and the requirement to declare items upon entry. For detailed information, consult the Colombian customs authority.

Additional Tips: It’s recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical expenses and unforeseen circumstances during your stay in Colombia. Entry requirements can change, so it’s important to check the latest information from official sources, such as the Colombian embassy or consulate in your country, before traveling.

By Air

Colombia has several major international airports, with Bogotá (BOG) as the main hub. Other cities offer direct flights to North America, Europe, and Latin America.

• El Dorado International Airport (BOG) – Bogotá (Largest airport, main international gateway)
• José María Córdova International Airport (MDE) – Medellín (Key hub for regional and international flights)
• Rafael Núñez International Airport (CTG) – Cartagena (Popular for Caribbean and U.S. flights)
• Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport (CLO) – Cali (Direct flights to the U.S. and Latin America)
• Simón Bolívar International Airport (SMR) – Santa Marta (Limited international service)
• Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport (ADZ) – San Andrés (Flights from Central America and South America)

By Train

There are no international train connections to Colombia.

By Bus

Colombia has long-distance buses, but international routes are limited to Ecuador and Venezuela. Most travelers fly instead due to long travel times and safety concerns in remote areas.

• Ecuador → Colombia (Buses from Quito to Bogotá or Cali, crossing at Rumichaca)
• Venezuela → Colombia (Routes from Caracas to Cúcuta, subject to border conditions)

By Car

Driving into Colombia is only possible from Ecuador and Venezuela. There is no road connection to Panama, as the Darien Gap remains impassable.

The main border crossing from Ecuador is at Rumichaca, near Ipiales, which is a well-traveled route with regular bus connections. Another, less common route is through San Miguel in Putumayo, which leads into Colombia’s Amazon region.

From Venezuela, the most commonly used crossing is at Cúcuta – San Antonio del Táchira, but this border has been subject to political instability and periodic closures. Another less traveled but open crossing is at Arauca – El Amparo, which is more remote.

To & From Ecuador

The Ecuador-Colombia border is easy to cross, with frequent buses from Quito to Bogotá and Cali. The main crossing is at Rumichaca, near Ipiales.

• Rumichaca – Ipiales (Most used, connects to Quito and Bogotá)
• San Miguel – Putumayo (Less common, for travel to the Amazon region)

To & From Venezuela

The Colombia-Venezuela border has been unstable due to political tensions. Crossings at Cúcuta and Arauca are open but subject to temporary closures.

• Cúcuta – San Antonio del Táchira (Most used, for travel between Caracas and Bogotá)
• Arauca – El Amparo (Less common, remote route)

To & From Panama

There is no road between Panama and Colombia due to the Darien Gap. Travelers must take a flight or boat.

• Flights from Panama City to Bogotá, Medellín, or Cartagena
• Boat from Panama’s San Blas Islands to Capurganá or Cartagena

Colombia’s geography—mountains, jungles, and coastlines—makes travel challenging but exciting. Domestic flights are the fastest way to cover long distances, while buses are the most affordable for intercity travel. In cities, public transport, taxis, and ride-share apps work well. Road conditions vary, and some rural areas are best reached by air or boat.

Train

Passenger trains in Colombia are almost nonexistent. There are a few tourist railways, such as:
- Tren de la Sabana – A heritage train running from Bogotá to Zipaquirá (home of the Salt Cathedral).
- Antioquia Railway (under restoration) – May connect Medellín to surrounding areas in the future.

For practical travel, trains aren’t an option—buses and flights are much more useful.

Bus

Buses are the most common way to travel between cities. Long-distance buses range from basic to luxury, with semi-cama (reclining seats) and cama (fully reclining seats). Major bus companies include Bolivariano, Expreso Brasilia, and Copetran.
- Bogotá to Medellín: A long but scenic 9-hour ride.
- Cartagena to Santa Marta: A comfortable 4- to 5-hour coastal trip.
- Bogotá to Cali: A winding 10- to 12-hour journey.

In cities, public buses are available, but traffic and safety concerns make ride-share apps and taxis a better option in places like Bogotá and Medellín.

Car Rental

Renting a car isn’t recommended for most travelers unless you’re exploring rural areas like the Coffee Region or coastal highways. Driving in cities is chaotic, and mountain roads can be dangerous. If you rent a car, stick to daylight driving and major highways.

Ride Share

Uber, DiDi, and Cabify operate in major cities, offering a safer and more predictable alternative to taxis. Uber is technically not legal in Colombia, but it still functions. Many drivers prefer cash payments.

Ferries

Ferries are useful in coastal and Amazonian regions.

• Cartagena to the Rosario Islands – Boats connect the city with nearby tropical islands.
• Buenaventura to coastal towns – Boats are the only way to reach places like Juanchaco and Ladrilleros.
• Amazon River transport – In Leticia, riverboats travel between Colombia, Brazil, and Peru.

Air

Given Colombia’s mountains and long bus rides, domestic flights are a smart option. Airlines like Avianca, LATAM, Wingo, and Viva Air connect major cities like Bogotá, Medellín, Cartagena, and Cali.

• Bogotá to Medellín: A 1-hour flight vs. a 9-hour bus ride.
• Bogotá to Leticia (Amazon): The only way in or out—no roads connect Leticia to the rest of Colombia.
• Bogotá to San Andrés: A must for reaching Colombia’s Caribbean islands.

Taxis

Taxis are common but scams happen, especially in Bogotá and Cartagena. Always use official taxi apps like Tappsi or Cabify, or make sure the meter is running. In some cities, taxis don’t have meters, so negotiate the fare before getting in.

Colombia’s accommodation scene is as diverse as its landscapes. From budget hostels and boutique hotels to luxury jungle lodges and beachfront resorts, the country has something for every traveler. Bogotá and Medellín have a mix of business hotels, trendy boutique stays, and budget-friendly hostels, while Cartagena and Santa Marta cater to beach lovers with a range of colonial-era hotels and seaside resorts. The Coffee Region offers charming fincas (farm stays), and the Amazon has rustic jungle lodges.

Budget travelers are well-served, with affordable hostels in every major city and town. Airbnb is widespread, particularly in urban centers, providing great alternatives to hotels. Luxury travelers can find five-star stays in Cartagena, Medellín, and Bogotá, along with high-end eco-lodges in the Amazon and Tayrona National Park.

Prices fluctuate with the seasons, with higher rates in December–January (high season) and during major festivals like Medellín’s Feria de las Flores. Beach towns and national parks also see price spikes during holiday weekends, so booking ahead is advised.

Budget Travelers: Dorm beds in hostels range from COP 30,000–80,000 ($8–$20) per night, with cheaper options in smaller towns. Budget hotels and guesthouses start at COP 80,000–150,000 ($20–$40). Cartagena and Tayrona are pricier, with hostels starting around COP 50,000 ($12).

Mid-Range: A comfortable boutique hotel or three-star stay costs between COP 200,000–400,000 ($50–$100) per night. In Medellín, Bogotá, and Cali, stylish hotels with modern amenities fall into this range. In Cartagena’s Old Town, colonial boutique hotels cost around COP 300,000 ($75+).

Upscale: Luxury hotels start at COP 600,000 ($150) per night, with the best stays in Cartagena, Bogotá, and Medellín exceeding COP 1,000,000 ($250). Eco-lodges in the Amazon and upscale resorts in Barú and Providencia offer premium stays in unique settings.

Hotels

Hotels in Colombia range from simple budget stays to high-end resorts. Bogotá has business hotels and modern high-rises, while Medellín offers trendy boutique stays in El Poblado. Cartagena’s Old Town is known for its colonial-era luxury hotels, while Santa Marta and Barú have beachfront resorts. In rural areas, small locally run hotels are common, often offering great value.

Hostels

Colombia has a vibrant hostel scene, especially in backpacker hubs like Medellín, Bogotá, and Salento. Dorm beds range from COP 30,000–80,000 ($8–$20), and many hostels offer private rooms for COP 100,000–200,000 ($25–$50). The best hostels often include free breakfast, coworking spaces, and social activities. In coastal areas, hostels can be more expensive, especially near Tayrona National Park.

Backpacker

Backpacking in Colombia is affordable and easy, with a strong network of hostels and budget hotels. Expect to pay COP 30,000–50,000 ($8–$15) for dorm beds and COP 80,000–150,000 ($20–$40) for private rooms. Popular backpacker destinations include Medellín, Salento, Palomino, and Minca. Many hostels in these areas offer hammocks or camping spots for cheaper rates.

Flashpacker

Flashpackers will find plenty of stylish boutique hotels and well-designed hostels with private rooms. In Medellín and Bogotá, trendy hotels in the $50–$100 range offer modern comforts. Boutique jungle lodges in Minca and the Coffee Region provide stylish but affordable stays.

Homestays

Homestays are common in rural areas, particularly in the Coffee Region and smaller villages. Prices range from COP 80,000–200,000 ($20–$50) per night, often including meals. Some homestays are available through Airbnb, while others can be arranged locally.

Camping

Camping is possible but not widespread. Some eco-lodges and hostels in Tayrona, Minca, and the Coffee Region allow camping on their grounds for COP 20,000–50,000 ($5–$12). Wild camping is not recommended in most areas due to safety concerns.

Unique Stays

Colombia has a range of unique accommodations. Colonial mansions in Cartagena, eco-lodges in the Amazon, coffee farm stays in Salento, and luxury beach resorts in Providencia offer one-of-a-kind experiences. In the desert of La Guajira, you can stay in Wayuu-style rancherías, while in the Tatacoa Desert, stargazing lodges provide a remote escape.

Colombia has become a safer destination in recent years, but travelers should still be cautious, particularly in major cities. Unless you plan to join Colombia’s guerilla insurgency, which has mostly calmed down, you are unlikely to face the country’s main problems head on, especially given that the armed opposition is dwindling.

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, phone snatching, and bag theft, is common in Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena, especially in busy areas, public transportation, and nightlife districts. Express kidnappings, where victims are forced to withdraw cash, have occurred but are less frequent than in the past. Avoid displaying valuables, use ATMs inside banks, and be cautious at night.

Altitude sickness is a worry in the highest areas of the Andes although it only usually affects those who ascend too quickly. All the same, Colombia is one of those destinations where you take a travel insurance and leave a will before departing, it aint a walk in the park.

Road conditions vary, with modern highways in urban areas but poorly maintained roads in rural regions. Traffic can be chaotic, with aggressive driving and minimal pedestrian rights. Public transport is generally safe but has risks, especially on crowded buses where theft is common. Health concerns include mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and Zika in tropical areas, while altitude sickness can affect visitors in high-altitude cities like Bogotá. Tap water is safe in most major cities but should be avoided in rural areas. Medical care in major cities is excellent, but rural facilities are limited, making travel insurance with evacuation coverage essential.

Colombia experiences occasional protests, which can disrupt transportation. Natural hazards include landslides in mountainous areas and seasonal flooding. Women travelers may experience catcalling, though physical harassment is uncommon. By taking sensible precautions, travelers can safely enjoy Colombia’s rich culture, colonial cities, and beautiful landscapes.

Scams & Petty Crime

Petty crime is a major concern in cities, particularly in crowded markets, public transit, and nightlife areas. Thieves often work in teams, using distraction tactics to steal phones and bags. Express kidnappings have occurred, where victims are forced to withdraw money from ATMs. It’s best to avoid walking alone at night, use official taxis or ride-hailing apps, and keep valuables out of sight.

Political Unrest

Protests and strikes are common, especially in Bogotá and Cali, and can disrupt transportation. While most are peaceful, some escalate into clashes with police. Road blockades can occur in rural areas, particularly during labor disputes. Travelers should monitor local news and avoid large demonstrations.

Diseases

Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are present, particularly in coastal and jungle regions. Travelers should use insect repellent and wear long sleeves in affected areas. Altitude sickness is a concern in high-altitude cities like Bogotá and Pasto. Tap water is safe in major cities but not in rural areas, where bottled or filtered water is recommended. Medical care in urban centers is excellent, but remote areas have limited facilities, making travel insurance with medical evacuation essential.

Road Conditions

Driving in Colombia can be unpredictable, with aggressive drivers, heavy traffic, and poorly maintained rural roads. Highways between major cities are improving, but landslides can block mountain roads, especially during the rainy season. Public transport is widely used, but safety varies—intercity buses are generally reliable, while local buses can be hot spots for theft.

Nature’s Fury

Colombia’s mountainous terrain makes landslides a common hazard, particularly in the rainy season. Coastal areas are prone to seasonal flooding, and the country experiences occasional earthquakes. In remote jungle regions, extreme weather and wildlife can pose risks, so guided tours are recommended.

Sexual Harassment

Women travelers may receive unwanted attention, mainly in the form of catcalling, especially in urban areas. While harassment is usually verbal, it can be persistent. Ignoring advances and dressing modestly outside of beach areas can help minimize attention. Most women travelers find Colombia safe, but staying aware, particularly in nightlife settings, is advised.

Colombia has quickly become one of South America’s top digital nomad destinations, thanks to its affordable cost of living, fast internet, and thriving expat communities. Cities like Medellín, Bogotá, and Cartagena offer strong coworking scenes, great networking opportunities, and a rich cultural experience. With Colombia’s new Digital Nomad Visa, remote workers can now stay long-term, making it an even more attractive option.

The main downsides? Safety concerns in certain areas and bureaucracy when dealing with visas and banking. That said, if you stick to well-known expat hubs, Colombia is a fantastic place to live and work.

Coworking spaces are everywhere in Colombia’s major cities. Selina Cowork Medellín is a favorite among digital nomads, offering strong Wi-Fi, a social atmosphere, and co-living options. Atomhouse Bogotá caters to startups and freelancers with a modern workspace and networking events. BeNomad Cartagena is a great choice for those who want to work near the beach.

• Medellín: The top choice for digital nomads, with year-round spring weather, fast internet, and a big expat scene.
• Bogotá: Colombia’s capital, offering the best job opportunities, coworking spaces, and cultural experiences.
• Cartagena: A Caribbean coastal city with beautiful beaches, a colonial vibe, and solid digital nomad infrastructure.
• Santa Marta: A beachside town perfect for those who want nature, diving, and a laid-back lifestyle.
• Cali: The salsa capital of the world, with a lower cost of living and a smaller but growing remote work community.

Cost of Living

Colombia is one of the most affordable digital nomad destinations in Latin America.

• Accommodation: $300–$1,200 per month. Medellín and Bogotá are the most expensive, while smaller cities are cheaper.
• Food: $150–$350 per month. Local food is cheap, and dining out is affordable.
• Transportation: $20–$70 per month. Public transport is cheap, and Uber is widely available.
• Coworking Space: $80–$200 per month. Many options, especially in Medellín and Bogotá.
• Leisure & Extras: $50–$300 per month. Includes nightlife, gym memberships, and weekend trips.

Internet and Connectivity

Colombia has fast and reliable internet in major cities, with fiber-optic speeds reaching 100–500 Mbps in places like Medellín and Bogotá. Mobile data (Claro, Movistar, Tigo) is widely available, though speeds can drop in rural areas. Some nomads keep a backup SIM card for extra reliability.

Community and Networking

Colombia has one of the biggest digital nomad communities in Latin America. Medellín is the top networking hub, with meetups, expat groups, and co-living spaces like Casa Santafé. Bogotá attracts tech and business professionals, while Cartagena has a smaller, more relaxed digital nomad scene.

Health & Wellness

Colombia is great for an active lifestyle. You can hike in the Andes, surf on the Pacific coast, or take yoga classes in Medellín. Gyms are affordable and high-quality, and outdoor fitness is popular in cities like Bogotá.

Healthcare in Colombia is excellent and cheap, ranking among the best in Latin America. Private clinics offer world-class care, and health insurance costs $40–$150 per month.

Long-Term Stay

Finding long-term rentals is easy and affordable, especially outside tourist areas. Many nomads rent Airbnbs at first, then negotiate local leases.

• Condos and Apartments: Modern and well-equipped, ranging from $500–$1,200 per month.
• Serviced Apartments: Fully furnished, with prices between $700–$1,500 per month.
• Traditional Apartments: Basic but affordable, starting at $300 per month.
• Airbnb: Available in all major cities, but renting locally saves money.

Visa Options

Colombia launched a Digital Nomad Visa in 2022, making it easier for remote workers to stay long-term.

• Digital Nomad Visa: Allows remote workers to stay up to 2 years, with proof of $684 per month income.
• Tourist Visa: Most nationalities get 90 days visa-free, extendable to 180 days per year.
• M-Type (Work) Visa: A longer-term option for freelancers and independent contractors.

Colombian culture is a fusion of European, African, and indigenous traditions, with music and dance at its core. Cumbia and Vallenato dominate the coastal regions, while Salsa thrives in Cali, the country’s dance capital. Colombian craftsmanship is seen in Wayuu bags, emerald jewelry, and intricate pre-Columbian goldwork, displayed in museums and markets alike.

Catholicism remains the dominant religion, though indigenous spiritual practices still influence rural communities. Festivals like Carnaval de Barranquilla and Semana Santa in Popayán blend Catholic traditions with local customs, creating some of South America’s most spectacular celebrations.

Food

Colombian cuisine is regional and diverse, with influences from the Caribbean, Andes, Amazon, and Pacific. Dishes are hearty, featuring corn, plantains, rice, and fresh tropical fruits.

Language

Spanish is the official language of Colombia, though Colombian Spanish is known for its clear pronunciation and polite tone, especially in Bogotá. Indigenous languages like Wayuunaiki, Quechua, and Nasa Yuwe are still spoken in some regions. English is not widely spoken outside tourist areas.

History

Colombia’s history is marked by indigenous civilizations, Spanish conquest, and decades of internal conflict. Once home to powerful groups like the Muisca and Tairona, it later became a key part of Spain’s colonial empire. More recently, it has moved beyond its troubled past of cartels and armed conflicts, emerging as one of South America’s fastest-growing economies.

Embassies and Consulates

For visa applications, consular services, and official Colombian government information, these embassies serve Colombian nationals abroad and travelers seeking visas:

• Embassy of Colombia in the U.S. – Washington, D.C.
• Embassy of Colombia in Canada – Ottawa
• Embassy of Colombia in the UK – London
• Embassy of Colombia in Australia – Canberra
• Embassy of Colombia in New Zealand – Wellington

Government Safety Advisories

These government sites provide official travel advisories, safety updates, and entry requirements for Colombia:

• U.S. State Department - Colombia Travel Advisory
• Canada Travel Advice - Colombia
• UK Foreign Travel Advice - Colombia
• Australia Smartraveller - Colombia
• New Zealand SafeTravel - Colombia

Blogs

These blogs provide insights into traveling, living, and working in Colombia:

• Colombia Travel Blog – Offers comprehensive information on destinations, culture, and travel tips.
• Medellin Guru – Provides detailed guides and personal experiences about living and traveling in Medellín and Colombia.

YouTube Channels & Videos

Explore Colombia through these travel vlogs and documentaries:

• Colombia Travel - Official YouTube Channel – Showcases attractions and events.
• Indigo Traveller - Colombia – An investigative-style travel series covering Colombia’s landscape and culture.

Instagram Feeds

These Instagram accounts highlight Colombia’s landscapes, culture, and urban life:

• @colombia.travel – Official tourism account showcasing Colombia’s beauty.
• @igerscolombia – Features stunning photos of Colombia’s natural and urban scenes.

Newspapers

Stay updated with Colombia’s latest news through these newspapers:

• El Tiempo – Leading newspaper covering local news.
• Semana – Provides news on politics, business, and culture.

Other Useful Websites

• Government of Colombia – Official portal for government services and information.
• Colombia Travel – Offers information on attractions, accommodations, and travel tips.