Afghanistan

Once known for its warm welcome, generous hospitality and tasty cuisine, Afghanistan still has a lot of potential as a place for scenic mountain views, great trekking or more relaxed walks through rolling plains, verdant valleys and the fields of wild tulips that bloom in the spring. Still, you might want to wait a while until some of the landmines have been cleared before venturing out of Kabul.

Afghanistan draws a rare breed of traveler—those seeking raw adventure, deep history, and landscapes untouched by mass tourism. Most visitors come for the towering Hindu Kush mountains, the ancient city of Balkh (one of the world’s oldest), and the stunning blue mosque of Mazar-i-Sharif. The remains of the Bamiyan Buddhas, despite their destruction, still hold a powerful presence in the empty cliffs. Kabul offers a chaotic but fascinating introduction to Afghan life, while Herat’s Persian-influenced architecture hints at the country’s long and tangled history. What makes Afghanistan different from other destinations is its authenticity—few places feel as undiscovered, and few people show as much warmth to strangers.

Traveling here is surprisingly cheap—on paper. Local food, public transport, and budget guesthouses won’t break the bank, but the reality is more complicated. Because of safety concerns, most foreigners hire private drivers, guides, or fixers, which pushes costs up. Flights into the country are also expensive, and while overland travel is possible, it’s risky. If you’re on an extreme budget and willing to rough it, daily expenses can be as low as $20–30, but those taking extra security precautions will spend significantly more.

Safety is the biggest challenge. The country remains unstable, and while some areas are calmer, the situation can change quickly. Foreigners stand out and can attract attention, both positive and negative. Kidnappings, landmines, and militant activity are real threats. There’s also petty crime, though Afghan hospitality often acts as a safeguard. Medical care is basic at best, and evacuation insurance is essential. Food and water safety require caution—tap water is unsafe, and hygiene standards vary, so sticking to freshly cooked meals is wise.

Infrastructure is minimal, making travel difficult. Roads are rough, domestic flights are limited, and public transport is unreliable and often unsafe for foreigners. Most long-distance travel requires hiring a private car, and self-driving isn’t recommended. Hotels range from basic guesthouses to high-security compounds catering to NGOs and diplomats. Outside Kabul, mid-range accommodations are rare, and hot water or reliable electricity can’t be taken for granted. English is spoken in some hotels and by younger Afghans, but a few words of Dari or Pashto go a long way.

You should be able to find a hotel in most towns in Afghanistan although some smaller places have been known to turn away foreigners due to the security risk they bring with them. In Kabul, there are private guesthouses and even five-star international hotels.

Hopefully the fieriest thing you’ll encounter in Afghanistan will be the food – it tends to be on the spicy side. The most common local dish is steamed rice with raisins and carrots (pulao), often served with lamb or another meat. Vegetarians therefore may have a few problems finding good alternatives. Otherwise, the cuisine has a lot in common with Indian food and is largely based on rice.

There are several modern restaurants in Kabul and the large number of foreign aid workers means that there is considerable demand for quality international cuisine as well as more traditional Afghan fare. Larger restaurants will likely have knives and forks however most people usually eat with their hand (strictly the right one) and use bread (nan) as a scoop.

Food is simple but flavorful—kebabs, rice dishes, and freshly baked naan dominate menus. Western food is available in Kabul, where a few expat-friendly restaurants serve burgers, pasta, and even sushi, but outside the capital, options are strictly local. Vegetarians will struggle, as meals are heavily meat-based, and dietary restrictions aren’t widely understood. Afghanistan isn’t for those seeking convenience or comfort, but for travelers willing to embrace the difficulties, it offers an experience unlike anywhere else.

Why Go to Afghanistan?

• Epic Mountains & Wild Landscapes: Afghanistan’s landscapes are raw and dramatic. The towering peaks of the Hindu Kush are perfect for trekking, while the remote Wakhan Corridor feels like the edge of the world. Bamiyan’s Band-e-Amir lakes shimmer in an unreal shade of blue, a stark contrast to the dry, rocky surroundings. If you’re after true wilderness, this is it.

• Deep History & Ancient Cities: Afghanistan has been a crossroads of empires for thousands of years. Alexander the Great, the Silk Road traders, and the Mughal rulers all left their mark. The blue mosque of Mazar-i-Sharif is one of the most striking in the Islamic world. Herat, with its Persian influence, still feels like a city from another time. Even in Kabul, where modern life meets war-torn past, history is everywhere.

• A Culture of Hospitality: Afghans are known for their warmth and generosity. Expect to be invited for tea within minutes of meeting someone. The country’s culture is deeply tied to its traditions—carpet weaving, poetry, and even the national sport, buzkashi (a wild horseback game similar to polo but with a goat carcass), all tell the story of a proud, resilient people.

• Not for the Faint of Heart: Afghanistan is not an easy place to visit. Safety concerns are serious, infrastructure is poor, and getting around can be difficult. But for those willing to take the risk, it’s one of the most rewarding travel experiences in the world. There’s no tourist trail here—just you, the landscape, and the people who call it home.

• A Budget Destination—If You Can Get In: Once you’re inside the country, Afghanistan is cheap. Local food, transport, and accommodation cost little, but security costs can make it expensive. Most foreigners hire private drivers or fixers, and flights into Afghanistan are costly. For those who go without extra precautions, it’s possible to travel on $20–30 a day, but it’s not advisable.

• Difficult but Worth It: Afghanistan’s lack of tourist infrastructure makes independent travel tough. Roads are rough, flights are limited, and public transport isn’t reliable for foreigners. Hotels range from barebones guesthouses to high-security compounds. Outside major cities, English is rare, so knowing some Dari or Pashto is helpful.

• Food is Basic but Satisfying: Afghan cuisine is hearty—kebabs, rice, and flatbread dominate meals. In Kabul, a few restaurants serve international food, but elsewhere, you’ll be eating local. Western food is almost nonexistent outside the capital. Vegetarians will struggle, as meat is a staple in most dishes.

• A Destination Like No Other: Afghanistan isn’t for those seeking an easy trip, but for travelers who want something truly off the beaten path, it’s one of the most unforgettable places on earth.

Afghanistan is a landlocked country in South Asia and Central Asia. It shares borders with Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north, and China to the northeast. Its location has historically made it a key region for trade, migration, and military campaigns.

Afghanistan is a mountainous country, with the Hindu Kush range running through the center. The highest peak, Noshaq, stands at 7,492 meters. The northern plains are fertile, supporting agriculture and trade, while the central highlands are rugged and sparsely populated. The southern and western regions are more arid, with deserts and steppe landscapes. Major rivers, including the Amu Darya and Helmand River, provide water for irrigation.

For tourists, the country can be divided into several regions. The north is home to historical cities and cultural heritage sites. The central highlands offer archaeological sites and scenic mountain landscapes. The east has deep valleys, forests, and trekking opportunities. The south and west feature deserts, caravan routes, and strong cultural traditions. Climate varies by altitude, with hot summers in the lowlands and cold winters in the mountains.

Most travelers arrive in Kabul, the capital and largest city. Herat serves as an entry point from Iran, with historical and cultural attractions. Mazar-i-Sharif in the north has flights from Central Asia. Kandahar is a key city in the south, with regional flights. Land crossings include Torkham and Spin Boldak on the Pakistan border, as well as border points from Iran, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.

Northern Afghanistan

This region includes Balkh, Kunduz, and Mazar-i-Sharif. It has historical significance due to its role in early Buddhist and Islamic history. Mazar-i-Sharif is home to the Blue Mosque, a major religious and architectural site. Balkh, once a center of learning and trade, has ruins from ancient civilizations. The north is relatively accessible, with agricultural landscapes and steppe terrain.

• Mazar-i-Sharif – Home to the Blue Mosque, an important pilgrimage site.
• Balkh – One of the world’s oldest cities, with Buddhist and Islamic ruins.
• Kunduz – A trade city with historical significance and access to the north.
• Sheberghan – Known for archaeological sites and connections to Uzbek culture.

Central Afghanistan

This region includes Bamiyan, the Hazarajat, and the central Hindu Kush. It is known for its mountain landscapes, remote valleys, and historical sites. Bamiyan is famous for the remains of the Buddha statues and ancient cave monasteries. The region is home to the Hazara people and has distinct cultural traditions. Due to high altitudes, winters are harsh, and travel can be difficult.

• Bamiyan – Known for the Buddha niches and surrounding archaeology.
• Band-e Amir National Park – A series of deep blue lakes surrounded by cliffs.
• Yakawlang – A remote town serving as a base for exploring the highlands.

Eastern Afghanistan

This region includes Kabul, Jalalabad, and Kunar. Kabul, the capital, is Afghanistan’s political and cultural center, with museums, historical sites, and markets. Jalalabad is a gateway to the Khyber Pass and has a milder climate. The region has forested valleys, rivers, and trekking opportunities in the mountains.

• Kabul – The capital, with sites like Babur’s Gardens and the Kabul Museum.
• Jalalabad – A historical city near the Khyber Pass, known for its greenery.
• Kunar Valley – A mountainous region with hiking and scenic landscapes.
• Panjshir Valley – A picturesque valley known for its resistance history.

Southern Afghanistan

This region includes Kandahar, Helmand, and Uruzgan. It is a center of Pashtun culture and was historically the capital of the Afghan Empire. Kandahar has the Shrine of the Cloak of the Prophet and old fortresses. The Helmand River provides irrigation to dry landscapes. This region has been affected by conflict, limiting accessibility.

• Kandahar – A major city with historical sites like Ahmad Shah’s Mausoleum.
• Helmand – A river valley with ancient ruins and agricultural areas.
• Lashkar Gah – The capital of Helmand Province, with historical fortifications.

Western Afghanistan

This region includes Herat, Farah, and Nimroz. Herat is the most historically significant city in the west, with Persian-influenced architecture and cultural heritage. The Friday Mosque of Herat and Herat Citadel are key attractions. The region connects Afghanistan to Iran and has a mix of desert and cultivated land near the Hari River.

• Herat – Known for the Friday Mosque, citadel, and Persian cultural influence.
• Farah – A desert city with historical forts and archaeological sites.
• Nimroz – A remote region with connections to Iran and ancient trade routes.

Northeastern Afghanistan

This region includes Badakhshan and the Wakhan Corridor. It is remote, mountainous, and sparsely populated. The Wakhan Corridor is a narrow strip of land leading to China, known for trekking and adventure tourism. The region is culturally distinct, with Kyrgyz and Wakhi communities living in isolated villages. High altitude and lack of infrastructure make travel difficult.

• Faizabad – The largest town in Badakhshan, serving as a gateway to the mountains.
• Wakhan Corridor – A high-altitude region popular for trekking and adventure travel.
• Ishkashim – A border town with a market connecting Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

The journey often begins in kabul, a chaotic but fascinating city. While much of its past has been lost to war, pockets of history remain. The national-museum-of-afghanistan holds treasures spanning thousands of years, from Greco-Bactrian relics to Islamic artifacts. Nearby, the gardens-of-babur offer a rare sense of tranquility, where locals sip tea under shady trees. The city’s bazaars, though not as grand as they once were, still give a glimpse into Afghanistan’s deep trading heritage.

West of Kabul, bamiyan is one of Afghanistan’s most breathtaking regions. Once home to towering Buddha statues carved into the cliffs, the valley still holds remnants of its Buddhist past. The empty niches where the statues stood are haunting reminders of their destruction, yet the surrounding caves, some adorned with ancient murals, remain a fascinating sight. Further west, the band-e-amir-lakes are an unexpected marvel—deep blue waters set against a stark, rocky landscape. It’s Afghanistan’s only national park and one of the best places in the country for hiking and outdoor adventure.

For architectural splendor, herat is hard to beat. Its friday-mosque is a masterpiece of Persian-Islamic design, covered in dazzling blue tiles. The city’s old citadel, dating back to Alexander the Great, offers a commanding view over the surrounding rooftops. In the north, mazar-i-sharif is home to the blue-mosque-shrine-of-hazrat-ali, one of the most beautiful religious sites in Central Asia. The city comes alive during nauruz, the Persian New Year, when thousands gather to celebrate a tradition that predates Islam.

For those looking to get off the beaten track, the wakhan-corridor is as remote as it gets. This narrow strip of land, bordering Tajikistan, Pakistan, and China, is home to Kyrgyz and Wakhi nomads who still live in traditional ways. Trekking here is an unforgettable experience, with high-altitude plateaus, glacial rivers, and breathtaking mountain passes. Equally isolated, the nuristan region offers a rare glimpse into a culture that resisted outside influence for centuries. Its lush valleys and wooden villages feel more Central Asian than Afghan, a stark contrast to the deserts and rocky highlands found elsewhere.

Highlights

• Kabul: shop for jewelry and handicrafts on Chicken street, wander through the Gardens of Babur and take in a host of ruins in this once bustling capital.
• Band-e-Amir (Lake of Jewels): set amid a dusty mountain range, the high mineral content of these five lakes gives them their stunning, jewel-like color.
• Minaret of Jam: you can climb these remote and mysterious 12th century towers and look down on the valley floor from a height of over 200 feet, and ponder the mystery of their construction that still baffle archaeologists.
• Bamian: is the main center for travelers to the Hindu Kush mountain range and was once home to ancient Buddha statues which were destroyed in 2001.
• Red City (Shahr-i-Zahak): near Bamian in the Hindu Kush mountains, here you can explore the ruins of an ancient citadel and enjoy the stunning views of mountain lakes along the way.
• Panjshir Valley: this lush valley is home to the tomb of a former mujaheddin leader and has great hikes and beautiful views.
• Jalalabad: the capital of Nangarhar Province and a winter resort in calmer times. The scenery is full of cypress trees, flowering shrubs and an abundance of delicious oranges.
• Kandahar: indulge in locally grown grapes and pomegranates in the second-largest city in Afghanistan.

Top Cities

• kabul: The capital city, known for its historic gardens, bazaars, and cultural landmarks.
• herat: Famous for its stunning Persian-influenced architecture, including the Herat Citadel and Friday Mosque.
• mazar-i-sharif: Home to the iconic Blue Mosque and a major center for Afghan culture and history.
• kandahar: The birthplace of modern Afghanistan, known for its historic fortress and Ahmad Shah Durrani’s mausoleum.
• bamiyan: Renowned for the ancient Buddhas of Bamiyan and beautiful natural landscapes.
• jalalabad: Known for its lush greenery, historic sites, and proximity to the Khyber Pass.
• kunduz: A key northern city with a mix of historical significance and modern development.
• ghazni: Rich in history, with numerous ancient Buddhist and Islamic sites.
• fayzabad: A remote city known for its beautiful mountain scenery and as a gateway to the Wakhan Corridor.
• taloqan: A historical city with a significant role in Afghanistan’s ancient and modern history.

National Parks

• band-e-amir-national-park: Known for its stunning series of natural blue lakes surrounded by limestone cliffs.
• wakhan-national-park: Offers breathtaking mountain landscapes, wildlife, and opportunities for trekking.
• nuristan-national-park: Renowned for its dense forests, mountainous terrain, and rich biodiversity.
• ajar-valley-national-park: Features lush valleys, diverse flora and fauna, and opportunities for eco-tourism.
• kabul-national-park: Known for its scenic beauty and accessible recreational areas near the capital city.

World Heritage

• Minaret of Jam: An ancient and intricately decorated minaret located in a remote valley, dating back to the 12th century.
• Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley: Known for the niches of the destroyed Buddhas and numerous Buddhist monastic complexes.

High Season: April–May, September–October
Shoulder Season: June–August
Low Season: November–March

Afghanistan’s climate is extreme, with scorching summers, bitterly cold winters, and short transitional seasons. The best times to visit are spring and autumn when temperatures are mild, and landscapes are at their most beautiful. Summers can be dangerously hot in lowland areas, while winters bring heavy snowfall, making travel difficult in the mountains.

High Season

Spring and autumn are the most comfortable times to visit. In April and May, the valleys bloom with wildflowers, and temperatures are mild across the country. September and October offer clear skies and pleasant weather, perfect for exploring cities like Kabul, Bamiyan, and Herat. The mountains remain accessible before winter snow sets in.

Shoulder Season

Summer is hot, especially in lowland areas like Jalalabad and Kandahar, where temperatures regularly exceed 40°C (104°F). However, higher-altitude regions like Bamiyan and the Wakhan Corridor remain cooler and are ideal for trekking. Dust storms are common in arid regions, and travel can be exhausting in the heat.

Low Season

Winter in Afghanistan is harsh, particularly in the central and northern regions, where heavy snowfall blocks mountain passes. Kabul experiences freezing temperatures, while lower elevations remain cold and damp. Travel becomes difficult, with road closures and flight disruptions. However, this is the best time for experiencing Afghanistan’s winter traditions in areas that remain accessible.

While decades of conflict have made it a challenging destination, those who do visit are rewarded with incredible landscapes, rich cultural traditions, and some of the most untouched historical sites in the world. From the towering peaks of the Hindu Kush to the ruins of ancient empires, Afghanistan is a place for those who seek adventure and discovery.

For the less adventures, two main streets in Kabul are great for shopping: Chicken street and Flower street. Afghanistan has some of the finest lapis lazuli for sale in the world and is well known for handmade carpets. If you are prepared to bargain until your face turns blue, you can walk away with some excellent finds. Further afield, several companies specialize in high security adventure tours that can take you high up in the mountains among the spectacular beauty of the Hindu Kush.

If you manage to catch one of the Buzkashi games in progress, it will be an experience to remember. The popular game sometimes involves hundreds of mounted men trying to dodge whips in order to bring the head of a calf to the goal line, sometimes up to a mile away. There is also fighting kites in competitions, beautifully designed homemade kites with strings coated in glass try to cut each other down and be the last kite in the sky.

• Scuba Diving: Afghanistan is landlocked, so there’s no scuba diving.
• Motorcycle Touring: The mountainous terrain and remote roads make for an epic ride, but security concerns and infrastructure challenges limit options.
• Nightlife & Partying: There is virtually no nightlife. Alcohol is banned, and social gatherings are conservative.
• Rock Climbing: The Hindu Kush offers world-class climbing potential, but access and safety remain major concerns.
• Bicycle Touring: Challenging but rewarding for the daring. The mountain roads offer stunning scenery, but logistics and security are major hurdles.
• Golfing: Afghanistan has only one golf course, near Kabul, but it’s far from a priority for most visitors.
• Shopping: Local bazaars offer beautiful handicrafts, carpets, and lapis lazuli, but bargaining and awareness of counterfeits are necessary.
• Trekking: The Wakhan Corridor and Hindu Kush offer some of the most remote and breathtaking treks on Earth.
• Mountain Biking: Some amazing off-road trails exist, but safety, infrastructure, and accessibility are major concerns.
• White Water Rafting: Some rivers could support rafting, but the sport is virtually nonexistent in the country.
• Wind Surfing: No real opportunities for windsurfing exist in Afghanistan.

Cultural Experiences

Afghanistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for millennia. From ancient Buddhist relics to Mughal-era forts, its cultural sites tell the story of empires, traders, and warriors. Many historic landmarks have suffered damage from war, but what remains is still extraordinary.

• Exploring the Minaret of Jam: A stunning 12th-century tower standing alone in a remote valley. It’s one of the best-preserved examples of Islamic architecture in the region.
• Walking Through the Old City of Herat: Once a major cultural and trading center of the Persian Empire, Herat’s ancient mosques, citadel, and bazaars remain largely intact.
• Visiting the Gardens of Babur in Kabul: A peaceful oasis in the capital, these gardens were built by the founder of the Mughal Empire and remain a treasured space.
• Seeing the Blue Mosque of Mazar-i-Sharif: One of the most beautiful Islamic sites in Central Asia, its dazzling blue tiles and peaceful courtyards are a sight to behold.
• Exploring the Ruins of Balkh: Known as the “Mother of Cities,” Balkh predates Alexander the Great and was once a center of Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Islam.

Natural Experiences

Afghanistan’s mountains, rivers, and valleys offer some of the most striking scenery in the world. While access can be difficult, those who venture into the country’s wilderness will find remote beauty unlike anywhere else.

• Trekking in the Wakhan Corridor: A breathtaking, untouched landscape of snow-capped peaks, isolated valleys, and nomadic communities.
• Exploring the Band-e Amir Lakes: A series of six deep blue lakes set against stark desert cliffs, often called Afghanistan’s Grand Canyon.
• Hiking in the Panjshir Valley: Surrounded by towering mountains, this valley is both historically significant and a stunning natural escape.
• Driving the Salang Pass: A high-altitude mountain pass offering dramatic views of the Hindu Kush and linking northern and southern Afghanistan.
• Exploring the Nuristan Forests: One of Afghanistan’s few forested regions, with a unique culture and a landscape that feels completely different from the rest of the country.

Urban Experiences

Afghanistan’s cities are a blend of ancient history, Soviet-era influences, and modern reconstruction. Kabul, the capital, is a chaotic but fascinating city, while Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif offer glimpses into Afghanistan’s more Persian and Central Asian heritage.

• Experiencing Kabul’s Historic Districts: The city has been through a lot, but spots like Murad Khani and Babur’s Gardens show its resilience.
• Exploring the Citadel of Herat: A massive fortress dating back to Alexander the Great, with incredible views over the old city.
• Visiting the Shrine of Hazrat Ali in Mazar-i-Sharif: A holy pilgrimage site and one of Afghanistan’s most beautiful mosques.
• Shopping in the Bazaars of Kandahar: Famous for its carpets, traditional clothing, and fruit markets, Kandahar is a cultural heartland.
• Exploring Bamiyan’s New Town: While the ancient Buddhas were destroyed, the surrounding valley and newer parts of the town still have historical significance.

Unique Experiences

Afghanistan is not a typical travel destination. Those who make the journey will find unique cultural encounters and landscapes unlike anywhere else in the world.

• Visiting the Remains of the Bamiyan Buddhas: Once the largest standing Buddhas in the world, the empty niches where they stood are a haunting reminder of Afghanistan’s Buddhist past.
• Meeting the Wakhi Nomads of the Pamirs: A remote, isolated community living in one of the world’s most extreme environments.
• Exploring the Underground Tunnels of Kabul: Soviet-era bunkers and hidden passageways still exist beneath parts of the city.
• Riding the Soviet-Era Cable Cars in Kabul: Some of the old aerial tramways used for transport during the Soviet occupation still operate.
• Following the Silk Road’s Footsteps in Balkh: Once a major stop on the Silk Road, the ruins and ancient trade routes still tell its story.

Weird and Wonderful

Afghanistan has plenty of unusual sights, from forgotten historical sites to unexpected remnants of its complex past.

• Finding Alexander the Great’s Lost City in Ai-Khanoum: A remote archaeological site showing Greek influence in Afghanistan.
• Exploring the Ghost Town of Darul Aman Palace: A grand palace outside Kabul, repeatedly damaged by war but still standing.
• Hearing the Story of the Last Jewish Man in Kabul: Once home to a large Jewish community, today, only one man remains in Afghanistan to maintain the synagogue.
• Seeing the Soviet Tank Graveyards: Scattered across the country, these rusting reminders of war are strangely photogenic.
• Visiting the Salt Mines of Takhar: A surreal landscape where locals still extract salt using traditional methods.

Afghanistan is one of the most challenging countries to enter due to ongoing security concerns, limited international flights, and strict border controls. Kabul International Airport (KBL) is the primary gateway, though options are limited. Overland travel is possible from Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, but each crossing comes with risks. The land border with China is closed.

For most travelers, flying into Kabul from the Middle East or South Asia is the best option. Overland entry from Pakistan via the Torkham border is the most common for those traveling by road, though security conditions can change rapidly.

Border crossings into Afghanistan are lax to say the least. You should be able to cross into the country almost anywhere at anytime. That being said, the borders do close at often unpredictable times and almost always for lunch on Fridays.

By Air

International flights to Afghanistan are limited, with most routes operated by regional airlines from Turkey, the UAE, Iran, and Pakistan. Kabul is the main entry point, though flights to Herat, Kandahar, and Mazar-i-Sharif exist.

• Kabul International Airport (KBL) – Kabul: The main international airport, handling most flights.
• Herat International Airport (HEA) – Herat: Regional airport with flights from Iran and domestic routes.
• Kandahar International Airport (KDH) – Kandahar: Domestic flights and some limited regional service.
• Mazar-i-Sharif International Airport (MZR) – Mazar-i-Sharif: A key airport for northern Afghanistan.
• Bamyan Airport (BIN) – Bamyan: Domestic flights only.

By Train

There are no passenger train services in Afghanistan. The country has a few freight rail lines linking it with Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Iran, but no commercial train services for travelers.

By Bus

Buses operate between Pakistan, Iran, and some Central Asian countries, but security conditions make overland travel risky. If taking a bus, expect long waits at borders and possible visa issues.

• Pakistan → Afghanistan: Buses run from Peshawar to Jalalabad/Kabul, but the journey is slow due to border delays.
• Iran → Afghanistan: Buses from Mashhad to Herat are common.
• Central Asia → Afghanistan: Limited services from Dushanbe (Tajikistan) to Kunduz.

Fares vary but expect to pay around 2,000-5,000 AFN ($25-60) for a long-distance bus.

By Car

Driving into Afghanistan is only for the highly experienced. Roads range from paved highways to remote, unpaved mountain passes. The biggest challenge is security, with checkpoints, banditry, and unpredictable border closures.

To & From Pakistan

Pakistan is the easiest country to enter Afghanistan from, though border security is tight. The Torkham crossing (near Peshawar) is the main route for travelers heading to Jalalabad and Kabul. The Chaman border (near Quetta) leads to Kandahar but is considered more dangerous.

• Torkham (Main route, links to Peshawar)
• Chaman – Spin Boldak (For Kandahar, but unstable)

To & From Iran

The Iran-Afghanistan border is open at Islam Qala, making Herat the main entry point. Buses from Mashhad to Herat are common, and Iranian visas are required in advance.

• Islam Qala (Most used, connects to Mashhad)

To & From Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan’s border at Torghundi is mainly used for trade. Tourist movement is limited, and visa requirements are strict.

• Torghundi (Near Herat, mainly for trade)

To & From Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan’s Hairatan crossing is a key trade route, but getting a visa for this route can be difficult. Most travelers use flights instead.

• Hairatan – Termez (A controlled trade crossing)

To & From Tajikistan

The Sher Khan Bandar crossing links Kunduz with Dushanbe, but conditions on the Afghan side vary. The border is sometimes subject to temporary closures.

• Sher Khan Bandar (Main crossing, links to Tajikistan’s main highway)

To & From China

The Wakhjir Pass is completely closed to travelers. There is no official border crossing between Afghanistan and China.

Traveling in Afghanistan comes with significant challenges. Infrastructure is underdeveloped, security concerns are real, and public transport is unreliable. In cities, taxis and shared minibuses are the main options, while intercity travel relies on buses and domestic flights. Roads vary in quality, and many rural areas require a 4x4 and local knowledge. Always check current safety conditions before traveling.

Afghanistan’s transport system is challenging, and security should be your top concern. If you must travel, domestic flights are the safest option. For short distances, taxis and shared minibuses are common, but road travel comes with risks. If heading to rural areas, hire a trusted local driver and take every precaution.

Train

Afghanistan has no functioning passenger rail network. There are freight rail connections with Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Iran, but they don’t serve travelers.

Bus

City buses exist in Kabul, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif, but they’re outdated, crowded, and unreliable. Intercity buses run between major cities, but long journeys can be uncomfortable and risky. Private bus companies operate on major routes, but road security is a concern. If taking a bus, choose a reputable company and check the latest travel advisories.

Shared Minibuses

Shared Toyota HiAce minibuses are a common way to travel between cities and towns. They’re faster than large buses and widely available, but conditions are cramped, and safety can be an issue. Drivers often speed, and road conditions vary. If you’re unfamiliar with the area, traveling with a trusted local is advised.

Car Rental

Renting a car isn’t practical unless you hire a vehicle with a driver. Self-driving is strongly discouraged due to poor road conditions, security risks, and unpredictable traffic. If you must travel by car, use a 4x4, hire a local driver, and plan routes carefully. Fuel is available in cities, but remote areas may have shortages.

Ride Share

There are no major ride-share apps in Afghanistan. However, some local taxi services operate through phone calls or WhatsApp. Always negotiate fares before getting in a taxi, as meters are rarely used.

Ferries

Afghanistan is landlocked, so ferries are not a transportation option. Some small boats operate on rivers and lakes, but they’re mainly used for local trade rather than travel.

Air

Domestic flights are the safest and most practical way to travel long distances. Ariana Afghan Airlines, Kam Air, and other carriers operate flights between Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, Mazar-i-Sharif, and other major cities. Flights are relatively affordable and save hours (or even days) of dangerous road travel.

Taxis

Taxis are common in Kabul and major cities, but they aren’t regulated. Always agree on a fare before the ride, as there are no meters. Shared taxis operate on set routes and are a budget-friendly alternative, but they can be crowded.

Afghanistan has limited tourism infrastructure, and accommodation options vary significantly depending on location. In Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, and Herat, you’ll find a handful of mid-range and high-end hotels, often catering to business travelers, diplomats, and NGO workers. However, outside these cities, options shrink to simple guesthouses, family-run lodgings, or government-operated hotels. Many accommodations prioritize security, particularly in Kabul, where some high-end hotels are fortified compounds with private guards.

Budget travel is challenging, as hostels and backpacker lodgings are practically non-existent. Instead, budget travelers must rely on local guesthouses or private arrangements. Homestays are possible in rural areas but require prior connections, as most Afghan families don’t typically rent out rooms to foreigners. Airbnb is not widely used, though some private accommodations may be available through local contacts. Luxury options are extremely limited, mainly restricted to fortified international hotels in Kabul.

It’s important to note that Afghanistan’s accommodation industry is heavily influenced by security concerns. Many hotels in major cities have strict security protocols, including armed guards and checkpoints. Booking in advance is necessary, as some hotels require pre-approval for foreign guests. Additionally, some accommodations may not accept unmarried couples or solo female travelers, so it’s best to verify policies before booking.

Budget Travelers: Budget accommodations, mainly basic guesthouses, cost between $10-$30 per night. These places often lack amenities like Wi-Fi or hot water, and cleanliness can be hit-or-miss. In smaller cities and rural areas, budget lodging might be as simple as a mattress on the floor in a shared room.

Mid-Range: Decent hotels in Kabul, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif range from $50-$100 per night. These hotels usually provide security, Wi-Fi, and basic comforts. In other cities, government-run hotels or older private hotels fall into this range but often lack maintenance and reliable services.

Upscale: Luxury options are limited to a handful of secure hotels in Kabul, starting at $150 per night and going up to $300 or more. These hotels cater to foreign officials, journalists, and NGO workers, offering high security, international dining, and modern facilities. Outside Kabul, there are few—if any—true luxury accommodations.

Hotels

Hotels are the main form of accommodation in Afghanistan, though their quality varies. Kabul has the most options, with a few high-end international hotels like the Serena and InterContinental offering high security and Western-style amenities. In Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif, mid-range hotels cater to business travelers and are generally safe, though not as fortified as those in Kabul. Hotel prices range from $50 for a basic room to over $300 for secure, high-end stays. Many hotels have strict security measures, including metal detectors and armed guards.

Hostels

There are no traditional hostels in Afghanistan. Budget travelers looking for cheap lodging must rely on guesthouses or personal connections. Some guesthouses in Kabul and Mazar-i-Sharif cater to NGO workers and journalists, offering dormitory-style accommodations for around $20-$40 per night. These are not hostels in the traditional backpacker sense, but they are the closest equivalent.

Backpacker

Afghanistan is not a typical backpacker destination due to security concerns and the lack of budget-friendly accommodations. Most travelers rely on guesthouses, which range from $10-$40 per night. Public transport is cheap, but moving between cities can be risky. In more stable regions like Bamiyan, small guesthouses welcome independent travelers, though services are basic.

Flashpacker

There are few mid-range boutique accommodations in Afghanistan. Most flashpackers will find that Airbnb and well-managed guesthouses provide the best value, though availability is extremely limited. In Kabul, some mid-range hotels offer private rooms with modern amenities for around $50-$100. Outside major cities, accommodation standards drop significantly, and there are no upscale backpacker options.

Homestays

Homestays are possible but typically require prior connections. Afghan hospitality is strong, and locals may invite foreigners into their homes for a night or two, but these arrangements are informal and not commercially available. In places like Bamiyan, some families run guesthouses in a homestay style, offering simple rooms with home-cooked meals for around $20-$50 per night. Foreign women traveling alone may find it difficult to stay in homestays unless arranged through trusted contacts.

Camping

Camping is not recommended due to security risks. While the landscapes of Afghanistan are stunning, setting up a tent in the wild is risky. In safer areas like Bamiyan and the Wakhan Corridor, some guesthouses allow travelers to camp on their land for a small fee, usually around $5-$10 per night. Proper camping gear is necessary, as facilities are extremely basic.

Unique Stays

The most unique stays in Afghanistan are in Bamiyan, where travelers can sleep in traditional mud-brick guesthouses overlooking the Buddhas of Bamiyan ruins. These guesthouses, often family-run, offer a rare glimpse into traditional Afghan life. Prices range from $20-$50 per night. In the remote Wakhan Corridor, adventurous travelers may find accommodations in Kyrgyz or Wakhi villages, sometimes sleeping in yurts or basic stone huts. These experiences require advance planning and local contacts.

Afghanistan is currently one of the most dangerous travel destinations due to ongoing conflict, political instability, and widespread security concerns. Violent crime, including armed robbery, kidnapping, and attacks targeting foreigners, poses a severe risk. Terrorist activities, including bombings and insurgent attacks, are common across the country. Corruption is widespread, and interactions with local authorities often involve demands for bribes.

Road travel is highly hazardous due to poor road conditions, landmines, and the lack of enforcement of traffic laws. Many rural areas remain inaccessible or unsafe due to ongoing violence. Health risks include limited access to clean water, poor food hygiene, and a lack of reliable medical facilities. Afghanistan also faces natural hazards, including earthquakes, landslides, and extreme weather conditions, particularly during the winter months. Travelers are strongly advised to avoid non-essential travel to Afghanistan and adhere to government travel advisories.

Scams & Petty Crime: Petty theft, such as pickpocketing, is relatively uncommon compared to violent crime. However, scams and extortion can occur, particularly in urban areas. Travelers should avoid displaying valuables and remain cautious in all interactions.

Political Unrest: Afghanistan remains highly unstable, with frequent attacks, protests, and armed conflicts. Travel in many regions is unsafe, and foreigners may be targeted. Avoid political discussions and monitor government advisories closely.

Diseases: Waterborne diseases like cholera and hepatitis A are common due to poor sanitation. Malaria is a risk in some regions, especially during warmer months. Travelers should drink bottled or filtered water, avoid raw foods, and ensure vaccinations are up to date.

Health Facilities: Medical facilities in Afghanistan are severely limited, with inadequate supplies, equipment, and trained personnel. Serious medical emergencies require evacuation to a neighboring country. Comprehensive travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is essential.

Road Conditions: Roads are poorly maintained, and travel is extremely dangerous due to landmines, checkpoints, and the risk of ambushes. Reckless driving, unmarked hazards, and a lack of enforcement of traffic laws add to the danger. Avoid road travel whenever possible.

Food & Water: Tap water is unsafe to drink, and bottled or filtered water is essential. Food hygiene is poor, and travelers should avoid street food and eat only at reputable establishments.

Nature’s Fury: Afghanistan is prone to earthquakes, particularly in the Hindu Kush region. Landslides and flash flooding occur during the rainy season, and extreme cold and snow can disrupt travel in winter. Travelers should be prepared for sudden weather changes and natural hazards.

Generally, just not recommended. Afghanistan isn’t a typical destination for digital nomads to say the least. While the cost of living is low, infrastructure challenges, security concerns, and visa difficulties make it a difficult place for remote work. Reliable internet is limited outside major cities, and power outages are common. However, for those with specific work or cultural interests, Kabul and a few other cities offer unique experiences.

Coworking spaces are nearly nonexistent, but some expats and remote workers operate from hotels, guesthouses, and private residences with backup power and satellite internet. A few international organizations and embassies have shared office spaces, though access is restricted. In Kabul, some cafés provide Wi-Fi, but reliability is inconsistent.

• kabul: The capital city has the best internet access and amenities for expats, though security is a concern.
• herat: A historic city with Persian influences, slightly more stable and affordable than Kabul.
• mazar-i-sharif: Offers a slower pace of life and lower costs but has limited digital nomad infrastructure.

Cost of Living

Afghanistan is very affordable, but expat-friendly accommodations and imported goods can be expensive.

• Accommodation: $200–$600 per month. Guesthouses and expat rentals are on the higher end.
• Food: $100–$250 per month. Local food is cheap, but international options are limited.
• Transportation: $20–$50 per month. Public transport is unreliable; private drivers are safer but costly.
• Coworking Space: Rare to nonexistent. Some expats use hotel business centers or private offices.
• Leisure & Extras: $50–$150 per month. Limited entertainment options, mostly social gatherings or private clubs.

Internet and Connectivity

Internet access is unreliable. Kabul has the best connections, with speeds averaging 5–10 Mbps, but outages and restrictions are common. Mobile data is available but expensive, and many foreigners rely on VPNs for unrestricted browsing. Satellite internet is an option but costly.

Community and Networking

The expat community has shrunk in recent years, but international aid workers, journalists, and businesspeople still gather in select spots. Networking happens mostly through word of mouth and private events. Digital nomads are rare, so finding a remote work-friendly community is challenging.

Health & Wellness

Gyms exist in major cities like Kabul, but security concerns mean many people exercise at home. Outdoor activities, like hiking in the mountains, are possible but not always safe. Healthcare facilities are limited, and serious medical issues often require evacuation to a nearby country like Turkey or India. Pharmacies are common, but medication quality varies.

Long-Term Stay

Finding long-term accommodation is possible, but safety and amenities vary widely.

• Condos and Apartments: Limited supply, mostly in Kabul, costing $300–$800 per month.
• Serviced Apartments: Found in expat-friendly areas, ranging from $500–$1,200 per month.
• Traditional Apartments: Basic and affordable, often under $200 per month.
• Airbnb: Not widely available, but some guesthouses offer long-term stays.

Visa Options

Afghanistan has strict visa requirements. Most travelers need a visa in advance, often requiring a local sponsor. Long-term stays are difficult unless working with an NGO, international organization, or business. Border runs are not practical, and overstaying a visa can lead to serious legal issues.

Afghanistan is a land of deep, complex history. Once a key stop on the Silk Road, it has seen empires rise and fall—from Alexander the Great to the Mongols, the Mughals, and modern superpowers. Despite decades of conflict, Afghanistan remains home to incredible archaeological sites, traditional crafts, and a resilient, hospitable people.

Afghan culture is rooted in tribal traditions, hospitality, and a strong sense of honor. The Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, and other ethnic groups each contribute to the country’s rich cultural tapestry. Poetry, particularly the works of Rumi, remains an important part of Afghan identity, as do crafts like carpet weaving, calligraphy, and lapis lazuli jewelry.

Islam is central to Afghan life, with the vast majority of people following Sunni Islam, while a smaller Shia minority exists, mainly among the Hazara community. Religious customs shape daily routines, and travelers should respect local traditions, especially regarding dress and gender norms.

Food

Afghan cuisine is rich in flavors, blending Persian, Central Asian, and Indian influences. Rice is the staple, usually served with lamb, chicken, or beef. Dishes are seasoned with spices like cardamom, saffron, and coriander, and naan bread is eaten with nearly every meal.

Language

Dari (a dialect of Persian) and Pashto are Afghanistan’s official languages. Dari is more commonly spoken in cities, while Pashto dominates in the south and east. Many Afghans also understand Urdu, and English is spoken by some, especially in business and diplomatic circles.

History

Afghanistan’s history is one of conquest, trade, and resistance. It has been a battleground for empires, from the Persians and Greeks to the British, Soviets, and Americans. Despite centuries of conflict, it remains a crossroads of cultures with deep historical roots.

• 330 BC: Alexander the Great conquers the region.
• 7th century AD: Islam spreads to Afghanistan.
• 1219: Genghis Khan’s Mongols invade, leaving widespread destruction.
• 1747: Ahmad Shah Durrani founds modern Afghanistan.
• 1839-1919: The Anglo-Afghan Wars see Britain fail to colonize the country.
• 1979-1989: Soviet invasion and Afghan resistance lead to a long, brutal war.
• 1996-2001: Taliban rule imposes strict Islamic law.
• 2001-2021: U.S.-led intervention ousts the Taliban, but conflict continues.
• 2021: Taliban regain control after the U.S. withdrawal.

Embassies and Consulates

For visa applications, consular services, and official Afghan government information, these embassies and consulates serve Afghan nationals abroad and travelers seeking visas:

• Embassy of Afghanistan in the U.S. – Washington, D.C.
• Embassy of Afghanistan in the UK – London
• Embassy of Afghanistan in Australia – Canberra

Note: Afghanistan does not have embassies in Canada or New Zealand. For assistance, please contact the nearest Afghan embassy.

Government Safety Advisories

These government sites provide official travel advisories, safety updates, and entry requirements for Afghanistan:

• U.S. State Department - Afghanistan Travel Advisory
• Canada Travel Advice - Afghanistan
• UK Foreign Travel Advice - Afghanistan
• Australia Smart Traveller - Afghanistan
• New Zealand Safe Travel - Afghanistan

Blogs

These blogs provide insights into traveling, living, and working in Afghanistan:

• Afghanistan Analysts Network – Independent analysis on Afghanistan’s politics and society.
• Afghan Adventure – Personal travel experiences and stories from Afghanistan.

YouTube Channels & Videos

Explore Afghanistan through these travel vlogs and documentaries:

• Drew Binsky - Traveling to Afghanistan – A firsthand account of visiting Afghanistan.
• Indigo Traveller - Afghanistan – An investigative-style travel series covering Afghanistan’s landscape and culture.

Instagram Feeds

These Instagram accounts highlight Afghanistan’s landscapes, culture, and urban life:

• @everydayafg – Showcasing daily life in Afghanistan.
• @steve_mcurry_official – Features iconic photographs from Afghanistan.

Newspapers

Stay updated with Afghanistan’s latest news through these English-language newspapers:

• TOLOnews – Afghanistan’s first 24-hour news channel.
• Pajhwok Afghan News – Independent news agency covering Afghanistan.

Other Useful Websites

• UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) – Provides updates on UN activities and reports in Afghanistan.
• International Committee of the Red Cross - Afghanistan – Information on humanitarian efforts and assistance.